Procolophoninae

Procolophoninae Temporal range: Early-Middle Triassic, 249.7–237 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Procolophon pricei from the Olenekian of South Africa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Family:	†Procolophonidae
Subfamily:	†Procolophoninae Lydekker, 1890
Subgroups
†Anomoiodon †Burtensia †Eumetabolodon †Insulophon? †Lestanshoria? †Orenburgia †Kapes †Procolina †Procolophon †Samaria? †Teratophon †Timanophon †Thelephon †Thelerpeton

Procolophoninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is Procolophon from the earliest Olenekian stage.^[1]

Phylogeny

Procolophoninae was named in 1890 by Richard Lydekker. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Modesto et al. (2002) as "all taxa more related to Procolophon trigoniceps Owen, 1876 than to Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen, 1851".^[2] The cladogram below follows Ruta et al. 2011.^[1]

Procolophonidae	Coletta Pintosaurus Sauropareion Phaanthosaurus Theledectinae "E." dongshengensis Theledectes Tichvinskia Leptopleuroninae Procolophoninae E. bathycephalus Procolophon Teratophon Thelerpeton Timanophon Thelephon Anomoiodon Kapes

Below are two cladograms that follow phylogenetic analyses by Butler et al. (2023):^[3]

Analyses 1 and 3: Strict consensus of 760 and 18 most parsimonious trees (MPTs). Procolophoninae Teratophon Thelerpeton Procolophon

Analysis 2: Single MPT. Procolophoninae Eumetabolodon bathycephalus Thelerpeton Teratophon Procolophon

References

1. Marcello Ruta; Juan C. Cisneros; Torsten Liebrect; Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller (2011). "Amniotes through major biological crises: faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction". Palaeontology. 54 (5): 1117–1137. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01051.x. S2CID 83693335.
2. Juan Carlos Cisneros (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6 (3): 345–366. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002350. S2CID 84468714.
3. Butler, R. J.; Meade, L. E.; Cleary, T. J.; McWhirter, K. T.; Brown, E. E.; Kemp, T. S.; Benito, J.; Fraser, N. C. (2023). "Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25316. PMID 37735997.