Pardus (operating system)

Pardus

Pardus 21 desktop
Developer	Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK)
OS family	Linux (Unix-like)
Working state	Current
Source model	Free Software (Copyleft) Open-source software
Latest release	23.2[1] (16 July 2024; 2 months ago (16 July 2024)) [±]
Available in	Turkish, English
Kernel type	Monolithic kernel
Default user interface	Xfce GNOME Pardus ETAP
License	GPL v2
Official website	www.pardus.org.tr

Pardus is a Linux distribution developed with support from the government of Turkey. Pardus' main focus is office-related work including use in Turkish government agencies.^[2] Despite that, Pardus ships in several languages. Its ease of use^[3] and availability free of charge has spawned numerous communities throughout the world.^[4]

Development

Pardus was started by Turkish National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology (UEKAE), a division of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), in 2003.

The first live CD version of Pardus was a fork of Gentoo Linux in 2005.^[5] The current version is a fork of Debian unstable, following a release process similar to that of Ubuntu.

Release history

Version	Date	Notes
Live CD 1.0	2005-02-04	Live CD-only fork of Gentoo with Linux kernel 2.6.10.[6]
Live CD 1.1	2005-05-05	Minor update.[7]
1.0	2005-12-26	First release that could be installed on hard drives. It included K Desktop Environment 3.5.0, Linux kernel 2.6.14.4,[8] and PİSİ package management system.
2007[9][10]	2006-12-18	with K Desktop Environment 3.5.5 and Linux kernel 2.6.18.5.[8][11]
2007.1	2007-03-16	with K Desktop Environment 3.5.6 and Linux kernel 2.6.18.8.[8][12]
2007.2	2007-07-12	with K Desktop Environment 3.5.7 and Linux kernel 2.6.18.8.[8][13]
2007.3	2007-11-19	included the Linux 2.6.18.8 kernel, OpenOffice.org, internet tools (browser, e-mail, instant messaging, etc.), multimedia and graphics tools (video player, music player, etc.), games, and many other applications. COMAR (Configuration Manager for Pardus) is the configuration manager developed in-house, and Tasma is the custom K Desktop Environment system configuration tool.[8][14]
2008[15]	2008-06-27	with K Desktop Environment 3.5.9 and Linux kernel 2.6.10.[8][16]
2008.1	2008-09-15	included the Linux 2.6.25.16 kernel. K Desktop Environment has been updated to 3.5.10, along with other important infrastructure components: Python 2.5, Java 6, Mozilla Firefox 3.0.1, OpenOffice.org 2.4.1.[8][17]
2008.2	2009-01-31	with K Desktop Environment 3.5.10 and Linux kernel 2.6.25.9.[8][18]
2009[19][20][21]	2009-07-18	included the 2.6.30.1 kernel. Pardus 2009 used the KDE Plasma Desktop environment and included OpenOffice 3.1, Python 2.6.2, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Gimp 2.6.6 and also applications like Kontact, Kopete, Kaffeine, K3b, and Amarok.[8][22]
2009.1[23][24]	2010-01-16	with KDE Plasma Desktop 4.3.4 and Linux kernel 2.6.31.11.[8][25]
2009.2[26]	2010-06-04	with KDE Plasma Desktop 4.4.4 and Linux kernel 2.6.31.13.[8][27]
2011[28][29][30]	2011-01-21	included the 2.6.37 kernel. Pardus 2011 comes with the latest KDE Software Compilation, KDE SC 4.5.5. The base packages also contains numerous backports and fixes which will improve the stability of your desktop experience significantly. Also included Clementine, K3b, Kontact, Kopete. Pardus 2011 came with Firefox 4.0 as the default browser.[31]
2011.1[32]	2011-07-12	included the Linux Kernel 2.6.37.6, KDE Plasma Desktop 4.6.5, LibreOffice 3.4.1.3, Mozilla Firefox Web Browser 5.0, Xorg 1.9.5, Gimp 2.6.11, Python 2.7.1, GCC 4.5.3, and Glibc 2.12. With this release numerous bugs have been fixed, 64-bit Skype and Wine packages are now in the 2011 stable repository, YALI has a System Rescue mode, and a 2009-2011 distribution upgrade interface was announced.[33]
2011.2[34]	2011-09-19	includes LibreOffice 3.4.3. Last release using PiSi package management system.[35]
2013	2013-03-27	first release based on Debian repository. TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM announced that Pardus moved to Debian and will be a Debian-based distribution moving forward.[36][37]
17.0[38][39]	2017-07-06
17.1	2017-11-04	the new release offers three separate ISO images with distinct names that indicate the purpose - Xfce, DDE (Deepin Desktop Environment) and Server.[40]
17.2[41]	2018-03-03	LibreOffice updated to 6.0.1 version, fixing the navigation rectangle in Menu not following cursor, updated XFCE apps, fixed incorrect Turkish in XFCE apps, including package updates and security patches.
19.0	2019-08-03	Linux Kernel 4.19.0, LibreOffice 6.1.5, Firefox ESR 60.8, VLC 3.0.7. Xfce 4.12 is used as default desktop environment. TLP is configured to provide better battery life.
21.0	2021-08-21	Linux Kernel 5.10, LibreOffice 7.0.4, Firefox ESR 78.13, VLC 3.0.16, OpenJDK 17 Java RE, Thunderbird 78.13. Xfce 4.16 is used as default desktop environment.
21.1	2021-12-21	Linux Kernel 5.10.0-10, LibreOffice latest, Firefox ESR 91.4.
21.2	2022-03-29	Linux Kernel 5.10.0-13, Firefox ESR 91.7, Thunderbird replaced by Evolution.
21.3	2022-07-21	Linux Kernel 5.10.0-16, Firefox ESR 91.11, VLC 3.0.17.
21.4	2022-12-27	Linux Kernel 5.10.0-20, Firefox ESR 102.6, VLC 3.0.18.
21.5	2023-05-05	Linux Kernel 5.10.0-22, LibreOffice latest, Firefox ESR 102.10.

PiSi package management

PiSi (/ˈpiːsiː/; Packages Installed Successfully as Intended; also a Turkish word meaning "kitty", intended as a pun on the distribution's name, which is derived from pardus, the species name of the leopard.) is a package management system that was developed for Pardus. It was used in the initial versions of the distribution, but abandoned in favor of APT since the project moved to Debian base. Pardus 2011.2, released on September 19, 2011, was the last Pardus release that used PiSi.

PiSi stores and handles dependencies for various packages, libraries, and COMAR tasks. Some features of PiSi include:^{[citation needed]}

• Uses the LZMA compression algorithm
• Written in Python
• Package sources are written in XML and Python
• Database access implemented with Berkeley DB
• Integrates low-level and high-level package operations (dependency resolution)
• Framework approach to build applications and tools upon

A community fork of the old Pardus with PiSi package management exists, called PiSi Linux.^[42][43][44] PiSi Linux's latest stable version is 2.3.4. ^[45]

eopkg - the package manager of the Solus project, a rolling-release Linux distribution, is based on / derived from PiSi.

YALI

YALI (Yet Another Linux Installer) is the first Pardus software a user encounters. Basically, it recognizes the hardware and installs Pardus software from installation media (i.e. CD) to a user-selected hard disk partition. YALI can handle resizing of NTFS partitions found on the disk. A yalı is a waterside mansion common in the Bosphorus region.

This project is stopped and not being used since the migration to Debian-base.

KAPTAN

KAPTAN is a desktop greeter, which starts at the first start. It allows a user to change the desktop theme, mouse, keyboard and language settings, date and time, KDE menus, wallpaper, Package Manager settings, smolt, number of desktops. The word Kaptan means 'captain' in Turkish.

This project is stopped and not being used since the migration to Debian-base.

Reception

Ladislav Bodnar, the creator of DistroWatch, wrote in his round-up of Linux/*nix in 2006 that Pardus is one of the distros he was most impressed by that year "... thanks to unique package management ideas, innovative start-up sequence and general desktop polish ..."^[46]

Dmitri Popov, an author of Linux User & Developer, titled his review of Pardus 2011 Beta as the most exciting distro of the year.^[47]

Social events and participation

• Pardus participated in Google Summer of Code 2008 and 2009.^{[citation needed]}
• Pardus attended CeBIT Eurasia in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011.^{[citation needed]}
• Pardus attended Teknofest in 2022, 2023.^[48]

Derivatives

Pardus Community Edition based on Debian released on April 12, 2013.^[49]

Pisi Linux and Pardus-Anka projects forked from PiSi based Pardus. A group of volunteers aim to continue PiSi and other features of Pardus independently.^[50][51]

Pisi Linux released two new versions. These versions are direct continuation of Pardus 2011.2 64bit edition, includes updated versions of Pisi, Kaptan etc.

Usage

• People from different corners of the world use it.
• Turkish Armed Forces (partially)^[52]
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey) (partially)^[52]
• Ministry of National Defence (Turkey)^[53]
• Turkish Police (partially)^[52]
• Social Security Institution (migrating)^[52][54]
• Schools (partially)^[55]

References

1. https://www.pardus.org.tr/duyurular/pardus-23-2-surumu-yayimlandi. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
2. Sowe, Sulayman K. (2008-11-06). "A new kid on the block: The Turkish Pardus Linux Distribution". Open Source Observatory and Repository. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
3. [1] Archived September 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
4. "Pardus-Wiki.org". En.pardus-wiki.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
5. "Turkey's Pardus distro is easy to use". Linux.com. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
6. "Distribution Release: Pardus Live CD 1.0 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
7. "Distribution Release: Pardus Live CD 1.1 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
8. "Pardus Linux". DistroWatch.com. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
9. "Turkey's Pardus distro is easy to use | Linux.com | The source of Linux information". Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
10. DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 185, 15 January 2007
11. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2007 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
12. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2007.1 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
13. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2007.2 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
14. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2007.3 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
15. Pardus 2008: A touch of refinement | Linux.com | The source of Linux information
16. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2008 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
17. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2008.1 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
18. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2008.2 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
19. Pardus Linux - An open-source Janissary, Dedoimedo
20. DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 315, 10 August 2009
21. Pardus 2009 review | LinuxBSDos.com
22. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2009 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
23. Pardus: A Linux distribution for the end user - gHacks Tech News
24. Pardus 2009.1 review | LinuxBSDos.com
25. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2009.1 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
26. Pardus 2009.2 review | LinuxBSDos.com
27. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2009.2 (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
28. DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 402, 25 April 2011
29. Pardus 2011 - Best KDE4 around, but could be better, Dedoimedo
30. Pardus 2011 review | LinuxBSDos.com
31. [2] Archived September 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
32. Pardus 2011.1 review | LinuxBSDos.com
33. "Pardus 2011.1 Dama dama release notes". pardus.org.tr. 2011. Archived from the original (XHTML 1.0 Transitional/CSS3) on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
34. Pardus 2011.2 review | LinuxBSDos.com
35. "[Pardus-devel] Pardus 2011.2 Cervus elaphus". Liste.pardus.org.tr. 2011-09-19. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
36. "Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2013 "Corporate" (DistroWatch.com News)". Distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
37. [3] Archived April 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
38. Pardus 17.0 Sürüm Notları – Pardus
39. Distribution Release: Pardus 17.0 (DistroWatch.com News)
40. DistroWatch. "Distribution Release: Pardus 17.1 (DistroWatch.com News)". distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
41. Distribution Release: Pardus 17.2 (DistroWatch.com News)
42. DistroWatch.com: PiSi Linux
43. Pisi Linux 1.2 Xfce don't love me none, Dedoimedo
44. Pisi Linux 1.1 review | LinuxBSDos.com
45. https://distrowatch.com/table-mobile.php?distribution=pisi ^{[bare URL]}
46. Bodnar, Ladislav (2006-12-18). "Feature: Distributions in 2006". Distrowatch Weekly (182). Distrowatch. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
47. "Pardus 2011 Beta Review – the most exciting distro of the year? | Linux User & Developer - the Linux and FOSS mag for a GNU generation". Linuxuser.co.uk. 2011-01-22. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
48. "Teknofest 2023'te Pardus 21 Hata Yakalama ve Öneri Yarışması Ödülleri Sahiplerini Buldu". Pardus - TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM (in Turkish). 17 May 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
49. "Ana Sayfa - Pardus Topluluk Sürümü". Archived from the original on 2015-06-12. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
50. "Pisi Linux Team" (in Turkish). Turkey: Pisi Linux. 2013-03-09. Archived from the original on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
51. "Reaching out to the Community". Turkey: Pardus-Anka. 2013-03-09. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
52. "Pardus 2009 yolda" (in Turkish). Istanbul: Radikal. 2009-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
53. "MSB, Pardus ile 2 milyon dolar tasarruf etti" (in Turkish). 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
54. "SGK, Pardus'a göç etmeye hazırlanıyor" (in Turkish). 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
55. "Pardus'un Okullardaki Kullanımı Gün Geçtikçe Yaygınlaşıyor". Webtekno. 23 December 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-13.

External links

• Official website
• Pardus Linux at DistroWatch
• PardusWiki – Multilingual resources
• PiSi Linux's website