The city had historically been a trading center since the pre-colonial era, in both pepper and gold. The Dutch made contact with the city in the mid 17th century, eventually constructing a fortress and taking over control of the city from the Pagaruyung Kingdom. Save for several interruptions of British rule, Padang remained part of the Dutch East Indies as one of its major cities until Indonesian independence.[10] In 1906, Padang, along with Palembang, became the first populated places in Sumatra to achieve city status (gemeente).[2]
Padang has been a trade centre since the 16th century, having been controlled by the Pagaruyung Kingdom and the Aceh Sultanate.[11] During the 16th and 17th centuries, pepper was cultivated and traded with India, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. In 1663, the city came under the authority of the Dutch and a trading post was built in 1680. The city came under the British Empire twice, firstly from 1781 to 1784 during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and again from 1795 to 1819 during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1819 the city was transferred back to the Netherlands. Up to circa 1780 the most important trade product was gold originating from gold mines in the region. When the mines were exhausted, the focus turned to other products such as coffee, salts, and textiles.
In 1797 Padang was inundated by a tsunami with an estimated flow depth of 5–10 metres, following an earthquake, estimated to be 8.5–8.7 Mw, which occurred off the coast. The shaking caused considerable damage and the deaths of two people, while the tsunami resulted in several houses being washed away and several deaths at the village of Air Manis. Boats moored in the Arau river ended up on dry land, including a 200-ton sailing ship which was deposited about 1 kilometre upstream. In 1833 another tsunami inundated Padang with an estimated flow depth of 3–4 metres as a result of an earthquake, estimated to be 8.6–8.9 Mw, which occurred off Bengkulu. The shaking caused considerable damage in Padang, and due to the tsunami boats moored in the Arau river broke their anchors and were scattered.[12]
In 1837, the Dutch East Indies government made Padang the seat of government of the West Coast of Sumatra (Sumatra's Westkust) which included present-day West Sumatra and Tapanuli.[13] Subsequently the city became a gemeente area since 1 April 1906 after the issuance of an ordinance (STAL 1906 No.151) on 1 March 1906. Until World War II, Padang was one of the five largest port cities in Indonesia, apart from Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar.[14]
Coat of Arms of Padang during Dutch colonial era, granted in 1926
The population of Padang in 1920 was 28,754, making it the second largest city in Sumatra after Palembang.[15] At the time of independence in the 1940s, the city had around 50,000 inhabitants. Coffee was still important, but copra was also a major item produced by farmers in its hinterland. Since then, the population growth has been partly a result of growth in the area of the city, but largely a result of the migration to major cities seen in so many developing nations. From 1950 the Ombilin coal field developed with Padang as its outlet port. This was seen by some observers as reflecting the economic and political colonisation of Indonesia.
Upon the entry of the Japanese army on 17 March 1942, Padang was abandoned by the Dutch due to their panic. At the same time, Sukarno was detained in the city because the Dutch at that time wanted to take him with them to escape to Australia.[16] Then the commander of the Japanese Army for Sumatra met him to negotiate the fate of Indonesia.[17] After the Japanese were able to control the situation, the city was then used as an administrative city for development and public works during their occupation of West Sumatra.[18]
On 30 September 2009, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit about 50 kilometres off the coast of Padang. There were more than 1,100 fatalities, 313 of which occurred within Padang.[19][20][21]
Geography
The city of Padang is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra, with a total area of 694.96 km2, equivalent to 1.65% of the area of West Sumatra.[22] More than 60% of the area of Padang is in the form of hills covered by protection forests. Only around 205.007 km2 of the territory is an urban area.[23] The hills stretch in the east and south of the city. The notable hills in Padang include Lampu Hill, Mount Padang, Gado-Gado Hill, and Pegambiran Hill. The city of Padang has a coastline of 68.126 km on the mainland of Sumatra. In addition, there are also 19 small islands, including Sikuai Island with an area of 4.4 ha in Bungus Teluk Kabung District, and Toran Island covering 25 ha and Pisang Gadang Island in Padang Selatan District.[24][25]
Climate
Padang features a tropical rainforest climate under Köppen's climate classification. Since this tropical rainforest climate is more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and cyclones are very rare, it is equatorial. Padang is one of Indonesia's wettest cities, with frequent rainfall throughout the course of the year. The city averages roughly 4300 mm of rain per year. Padang's driest month is February, where 250 mm of precipitation on average is observed. The city temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year, with an average of 26 degrees Celsius. Padang has 21 rivers, with the longest being Batang Kandis with a length of 20 km. In 1980 two-thirds of the city was flooded because the city's drainage which primarily empties to Batang Arau could not contain the water.[26]
By 2007 the city government began a number of religiously motivated policies. One requires females of all religious backgrounds who are municipal employees and students in government schools to wear jilbab (hijab), and high school students now take classes on reading the Qur'an. Municipal employees are required to pay zakat.[29]
Administrative districts
Map showing the 11 districts of Padang
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1819
8,500
—
1874
25,000
+194.1%
1920
28,754
+15.0%
1930
40,744
+41.7%
1961
143,699
+252.7%
1971
350,277
+143.8%
1980
480,922
+37.3%
1990
631,263
+31.3%
2010
833,562
+32.0%
2020
909,040
+9.1%
2023
942,938
+3.7%
The city of Padang is divided into eleven districts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[6] and the 2020 Census[7] together with the official estimates as of mid 2023.[3] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative urban villages (kelurahan) in each district, and its post codes.
As of 2017, Padang had received the "Adipura" (cleanest and greenest city) award in the category of large city 18 times[30] and the "Adipura Kencana" award three times.[31]
The cuisine of the Minangkabau people is commonly called Padang cuisine. Padang restaurants are common throughout the country and are famous for their spicy food. Padang food is usually cooked once per day, and all customers choose from those dishes, which are left out on display until no food is left. It is served in small portions of various dishes, but constituting, with rice, a complete meal. Customers take – and pay for – only what they want from this array of dishes. The best known Padang dish is rendang, a spicy meat stew. Soto Padang (crispy beef in spicy soup) is local residents' breakfast favourite, meanwhile sate (beef satay in curry sauce served with ketupat) is a treat in the evening.
Tourism
Padangsche Spaarbank building in Padang old city
Padang is a common transit point for surfers travelling to Batu Islands and Mentawai Islands, and for tourists visiting the West Sumatran highlands. Padang beach (known as Taplau or Tapi Lauik) which located from Samudra Street until Puruih, is known for its sunsets and food stalls. Kuranji River flows in Padang and on top area of the river at Batu Busuk, Lambung Bukit sub-district is suitable for white water activities. Bungus bay, to the south of Padang, is suitable for swimming and boating. There are some offshore islands near Bungus, such as Sikuai island and Pagang island.
Currently, Regional Development Planning Board (Bappeda) of Padang has established development plans "Padang Old City" in Kampung Pondok, South Padang district as a tourist area.[32] Mayor of Padang has been designate 73 historic buildings as cultural heritage of Padang.[33]
There are many old buildings in Padang that still retain their Dutch and Chinese architecture. The old city of Padang, located next to Muaro Harbor at Arau River, which formerly functioned as the city's main commercial avenue. The old city was the former business district of Padang, there are many important buildings such as Padang City Hall, De Javasche bank (present-day Bank Indonesia), Nederlandsche Spaarbank, Geo Wehry & Co, Escompto Maatschappij Office, warehouses, and merchant houses.
There are several historic places such as Adityawarman Museum which specialises in the history and culture of the local Minangkabau ethnic group, and the main exhibits are housed within a Rumah Gadang style building. Grand Mosque of West Sumatra, a new modern large mosque that is built with Minangkabau architecture. The Mosque is located on Jalan Khatib Sulaiman, city centre of Padang. Ganting Grand Mosque, the oldest mosque in Padang and one of the oldest in Indonesia, is a popular tourist attraction. Muhammadan Mosque, founded by Indian merchant, is also located in the city centre. St. Leo Monastery features a mixture of traditional Minang architecture on its bell tower roofing and Dutch architecture on the church building, is one of the oldest churches in Padang. Along the beachside road, just down from the Tourist Information office is a Buddhist Temple, Vihara Buddha Warman, opened in 2006 for the large Chinese Buddhist community.
Beaches and parks
Air Manis Beach, sweet water beach is located 10 km south of Padang, location of the legendary Malin Kundang Stone. The rock formations are found which resemble ship wrecks. Across from the Arau River is the Siti Nurbaya Park which can reached by bridge or boat. There are still remains of Japanese cannons and bunkers from World War II. There are great views of Padang city, Arau River and the Indian Ocean. Bung Hatta Nature Reserve (Taman Hutan Raya Bung Hatta) is situated 18 km east of the city, with diverse flora and fauna including a few Sumatran tigers, tapirs, wild goats, bears, as well as Raflesia Gaduansi, Balangphora, and Amorphopalus.
Sports
Tour de Singkarak 2013 in Padang, Indonesia
Padang is the hometown of the football team Semen Padang, with Haji Agus Salim Stadium being the home stadium of the club. Padang also is home to an annual international professional road bicycle racing—Tour de Singkarak—and once host the Fourth International Traditional (Dragonboat) Festival.[34]
Media
The oldest newspaper in the Padang region is Harian Haluan. Several other newspapers such as Padang Ekspres and Pos Metro Padang are also available.
The privately owned Padang TV are the local TV stations based in Padang. The public TVRI West Sumatra is also covered the city.
Infrastructure
Public transport
The TransPadang bus rapid transit service was developed used Jakarta's TransJakarta system as a model, but without a dedicated lane and comfortable shelters. Today Trans Padang runs only from Lubuk Buaya to Pasar Raya, a distance of 18 km, with a fleet of 10 large buses (capacity 60) and 15 medium buses (capacity 40). Daily passengers number 7,000, an increase from the initial ridership of 4,000. The load factor is 128% in the morning and evening rush hours.
Airport
The city is served by the newly opened Minangkabau International Airport in Ketaping, Padang Pariaman. It replaces the old Tabing Airport, which is currently used as a military base. There is one terminal building for both international and domestic flights. The airport has 4 aerobridges, 17 check-in counters, 5 baggage conveyors, and 9 ticket sales counters.[35] In late 2013, the runway was lengthened by 250 metres so that it could accommodate Boeing 747 and Airbus A340 planes. There is also a connection from the airport to the city center with a train service.[36] A terminal expansion (Phase II) has been announced with the rendering already released on the Angkasa Pura 2 website.[37]
Seaport
Padang's Teluk Bayur harbour (the former Emmahaven Port) is the largest and busiest harbour on the west coast of Sumatra. It serves inter-island as well as international routes. It was built in 1888 by the colonial government of the Netherlands. On 29 April 2013 a new container terminal was officially opened by West Sumatra Governor which can hold more than 4,000 containers in 46,886 square-meter area.[38] The port is the main gateway to the Mentawai islands, including Siberut, Sipora, and South Pagai. There are also ferry connections between Padang to Jakarta and Sibolga next to Gunung Sitoli (Nias).
Toll road
West Sumatra administration has secured lands for the construction of a 28-kilometres toll road between Padang and Sicincin district with about Rp.1.3 trillion ($141.7 million) investment. It is a part of Padang-Pekanbaru toll road with a total length of 244 kilometres. 80 percent of the land with a width of 30 metres has been acquired, but they will acquire more land to meet an ideal width of 50 metres. The construction project has officially began in February 2018.[39]
Railroad
Railroad tracks connect Padang to Pariaman to the north, Padangpanjang to the northeast, Solok and Sawahlunto to the east. The largest train station is Padang Station, known as Simpang Haru station. Sibinuang and Dang Tuanku provides the trip services from Padang (Simpang Haru) to Pariaman vice versa.
Tsunami shelter
Government and the people of Hill Pangilun has agreed to make Mount Pangilun as tsunami shelter. Better road access to the hill will be built, as well as temporary shelters, including their facilities.[40]
There are two institutes of higher education in Padang, i.e. Andalas University and the State University of Padang. Andalas University is the oldest university in Indonesia outside of Java. The main campus is located at Limau Manis, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the centre of Padang. The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry are located in the city centre, near the Central General Hospital M. Djamil. State University of Padang located in Air Tawar.
The other universities in Padang are Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang Technology Institute in Lapai, Bung Hatta University in Ulak Karang, Baiturrahmah University in Air Pacah, Putra Indonesia YPTK University, Ekasakti University, West Sumatra Muhammadiyah University, and Tamansiswa University.
^Ashar, Faisal; Amaratunga, Dilanthi; Sridarran, Pournima; Haigh, Richard (2019). "Practices of Tsunami Evacuation Planning in Padang, Indonesia". Coastal Management. Elsevier. pp. 399–433. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-810473-6.00019-4. ISBN9780128104736. S2CID169801987. Padang is not only the capital city of the Western Sumatra Province of Indonesia, it is also the third-biggest city in that province.
^Kathirithamby-Wells, J. (December 1969). "Achehnese Control over West Sumatra up to the Treaty of Painan, 1663". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 10 (3): 453–479. doi:10.1017/S0217781100005020. JSTOR27651721.
^Asnan, Gusti (2002). Transportation on the West Coast of Sumatra in the Nineteenth Century. In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, On the road The social impact of new roads in Southeast Asia 158. No. 4. Leiden. hlm. 727-741. www.kitlv-journals.nlArchived 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine.
^"AUICK". 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
^A.J. Gooszen; A Demographic History of the Indonesian Archipelago, 1880–1942; KITLV Press, 1999
^Muljana, Slamet (2008). Kesadaran Nasional: dari Kolonialisme Sampai Kemerdekaan. Vol. 2. PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara. p. 2. ISBN978-979-1283-57-1.
^Aqsha, Darul (2005). K. H. Mas Mansur, 1896-1946. Erlangga. p. 72. ISBN979-781-145-X.
^Safwan, Mardanas (1987). Sejarah Kota Padang. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional.
^Tempo. Vol. 10. Badan Usaha Jaya Press Jajasan Jaya Raya. 1980.
^"Indonesia–Padang". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
^"Station 96163: Mia Padang". Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
24Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the Antarctic Treaty.
Website displaying song lyrics MetroLyricsFoundedDecember 30, 2002; 20 years ago (2002-12-30)[1]Dissolved2021HeadquartersVancouver, British Columbia, CanadaFounder(s)Milun Tesovic, Alan JuristovskiServicesLyricsEmployees10+[2]ParentRed VenturesURLwww.metrolyrics.pro MetroLyrics was a website dedicated to song lyrics. It was founded in December 2002, and its database contained over one million songs by over 16,000 artists.[3] Unlike other lyric website...
One of the Ashtavinayak temples of the Hindu deity Ganesha Vigneshwara TempleThe gate of the templeReligionAffiliationHinduismDistrictPune DistrictDeityGanesha as Vigneshwara/VignaharFestivalsGanesh Chaturthi, Ganesh JayantiLocationLocationOzarStateMaharashtraCountryIndiaShown within MaharashtraGeographic coordinates19°11′17.07″N 73°57′34.70″E / 19.1880750°N 73.9596389°E / 19.1880750; 73.9596389ArchitectureTypeMandir architectureWebsitehttps://shrivighnahar...
Software-development environment designed for building video games This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2018) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements ...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) جيمس ر. ستارك معلومات شخصية الميلاد 27 مايو 1943 (80 سنة) مقاطعة أرلنغتون، فيرجينيا مواطنة الولايات المتحدة الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة فييناك
Chamber of the unicameral Parliament of Queensland This article is about the sole chamber within Queensland's legislative structure. For the broader legislative structure, see Parliament of Queensland. Legislative Assembly57th ParliamentTypeType Lower house (1860–1922) since 1922 Unicameral of the Parliament of Queensland HistoryFounded22 May 1860; 163 years ago (22 May 1860)LeadershipSpeakerCurtis Pitt, Labor since 13 February 2018 (2018-02-13) LeaderYvette ...
Artikel ini mengacu pada disiplin ilmu hubungan internasional. Untuk manajemen keamanan, lihat studi manajamen keamanan. The Norwegian Room, ruang rapat Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa di New York Studi keamanan atau studi keamanan internasional adalah bidang ilmu yang berkembang cepat pada masa Perang Dingin dan sudah lama dianggap sebagai subbidang akademik ilmu hubungan internasional.[1] Intinya, sebagai bidang penelitian, studi keamanan internasional berfokus pada kekera...
American gunman (1849–1881) Frank McLauryBornRobert Findley McLaury(1849-03-03)March 3, 1849Kortright, New York, U.S.DiedOctober 26, 1881(1881-10-26) (aged 32)Tombstone, Arizona Territory, U.S.Cause of deathGunshotNationalityAmericanOccupation(s)Ranch hand, miner, outlaw, cattle rustlerAllegianceThe Cowboys O.K. Corral gunfight Principal events Gunfight at the O.K. Corral O.K. Corral hearing and aftermath Earp Vendetta Ride Lawmen Deputy U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp Wyatt Earp Morgan ...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: VL Myrsky – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Myrsky A Finnish Air Force VL Myrsky II in 1944 Role Reconnaissance, fighterType of aircraft National origin Finland Manufacturer Valtion ...
1987 comic book story arc by George Pérez Gods and MortalsCover of Wonder Woman vol. 2, 1 (February 1987). Art by George Pérez.PublisherDC ComicsPublication dateFebruary – August 1987Genre Superhero Mythology Title(s)Wonder Woman vol. 2 #1–7Main character(s)Wonder WomanQueen Hippolyta Ares HerculesCreative teamWriter(s)George Pérez Greg Potter Len WeinPenciller(s)George PérezInker(s)Bruce D. PattersonEditor(s)Janice RaceKaren Berger Gods and Mortals is a seven issue comic bo...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2021) متنزه جزيرة ماري الحكومي البلد الولايات المتحدة الموقع نيويورك إحداثيات 44°22′01″N 75°55′12″W / 44.367°N 75.92°W / 44.367; -75.92 الموقع الرسمي Mary Island Stat...
1997 live album by The BadlovesEverybody EverywhereLive album by The BadlovesReleased1997Recorded1996VenueThe Continental Café, MelbourneLength55:43LabelMushroom RecordsThe Badloves chronology Holy Roadside(1995) Everybody Everywhere(1997) The Mushroom Tapes(2000) Everybody Everywhere is the first live album released by Australian rock and pop band The Badloves. The album was recorded in 1996 and includes tracks from the band's two studio albums, Get On Board and Holy Roadside. The a...
South Korean actress In this Korean name, the family name is Yoo. Yoo In-naYoo in 2023Born (1982-06-05) June 5, 1982 (age 41)Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South KoreaOccupationActressYears active2006–presentAgentYG EntertainmentKorean nameHangul유인나Hanja劉寅娜Revised RomanizationYu In-naMcCune–ReischauerYu Inna Yoo In-na (Korean: 유인나; born June 5, 1982) is a South Korean actress. After supporting roles in High Kick! Through the Roof (2009–10) and Secret Garden (20...
Artikel utama: Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara Sejak Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara dimulai pada tahun 1959, telah diadakan di 15 kota di seluruh Asia Tenggara kecuali Timor Leste. 1959, 1967, 1975, 1985, 20251961, 19691965, 1971, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2017, 20271973, 1983, 1993, 2015, 20291979, 1987, 1997, 20111981, 1991, 2005, 2033199519992003, 2021200320072009, 2031201120132019202320252025 Location of the Southeast Asian Games host Tahun Edisi Kota Juara kedua ketiga Pesta Olahraga Semenanjung Asia...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Pulau KelasaKoordinat2°24′53.000″LS,107°04′34″BTNegara IndonesiaGugus kepulauanSumatraProvinsi Kepulauan Bangka BelitungKabupatenBangka TengahPopulasi- Pulau Kelasa adalah sebuah pulau kecil yang berada di gugusan Kepulauan Bangka Belit...
Defunct Canadian comic book publisher Aircel ComicsIndustryComicsFounded1985; 38 years ago (1985)FounderBarry BlairDefunct1994; 29 years ago (1994)HeadquartersOttawa, Ontario, Canada (1985–1988)Los Angeles, California, U.S. (1988–1994)Key peopleDave CooperPatrick McEownGuang YapProductsThe Men in BlackOwnerMarvel ComicsParentMalibu Comics Aircel Comics (Aircel Publishing) was a comic book publisher founded by Barry Blair, in Ottawa, Ontario in 1985. In ...
2009 single by Takayoshi Tanimoto (Dragon Soul)Yeah! Break! Care! Break!Single by Takayoshi Tanimoto (Dragon Soul)A-sideYeah! Break! Care! Break!B-sideOver the StarReleasedJune 24, 2009 (2009-06-24)GenrePopLabelColumbia Music EntertainmentSongwriter(s)Yuriko MoriTakafumi IwasakiTakayoshi Tanimoto (Dragon Soul) singles chronology Dragon Soul (2009) Yeah! Break! Care! Break! (2009) Yeah! Break! Care! Break! (ヤ・ブレ・カ・ブレ, Ya Bure Ka Bure) is the eighth single by Ja...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2018) فرزانة باري معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1952 (العمر 70–71 سنة) الجنسية باكستان الحياة العملية المهنة أستاذة أكاديمية، ناشطة نسوية، ناشطة حقوقية الحزب حزب عما...
2020 video gameThe Otterman EmpireDeveloper(s)Tri-Heart InteractivePublisher(s)Tri-Heart InteractiveEngineUnreal Engine 4Platform(s)Microsoft WindowsNintendo SwitchXbox OneReleaseJuly 2, 2020Genre(s)Third-person shooterMode(s)Single-playermultiplayer The Otterman Empire is a third-person shooter party video game developed and published by British indie studio Tri-Heart Interactive. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch on July 2, 2020.[1][2]...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg)
_Kota_Padang.svg)
.jpg)
