Oyster (company)

Oyster

Type of business	Private
Founded	2012
Dissolved	2016
Headquarters	New York City, New York , United States
Owner	Alphabet Inc.
Founder(s)	Eric Stromberg, Andrew Brown, Willem Van Lancker
Key people	Eric Stromberg, Andrew Brown, Willem Van Lancker
Industry	Publishing, eBooks
URL	www.oysterbooks.com
Users	100,000 subscribers (September 2015)
Launched	6 September 2013

Oyster was a commercial streaming service for digital e-books, available for Android, iOS, Kindle Fire, and NOOK HD/HD+ devices. It was also available on any web browser on a desktop or laptop computer. Oyster held over 1 million books in its library, and as of September 2015, the service was only available in the United States.^[1]

In September 2015, Google acquired Oyster.^[2] No terms were disclosed but speculation put the price at somewhere between $20 million and $30 million.^[3] As a part of the acquisition it was reported that the founders would be leading Google Play Books in New York. In conjunction with the acquisition, Oyster shut down its existing service in early 2016.^[4]

History

The company was founded in 2012 by Eric Stromberg, Andrew Brown, and Willem Van Lancker, and was headquartered in New York City.

In October 2012, Oyster received $3 million in seed funding led by Founders Fund.^[5] On January 14, 2014, Oyster announced a $14 million funding round, led by Highland Capital Partners.^[6]

Oyster launched on September 5, 2013, opening paid access, at $9.95 a month, via invitations available on a first-come, first-served basis. The service was the first subscription service to bring on a "Big Five" publisher in HarperCollins, with Mashable calling the service the "first true Netflix-for-E-books."^[7] Common early criticisms included limited content and lack of multi-platform support, but its reading experience and design were widely praised. Within ten days, users had read over a million pages.^[8]

On October 16, 2013, Oyster launched support for the iPad.^[9] The company also removed invitations as a requirement to join, and offered a 30-day free trial to all new users. Along with an iOS app redesign, the website additionally allowed for browsing of curated book lists.^[10]

In June 2014, the company expanded its services to Android and Kindle Fire devices, and in July 2014, the company launched a web reader application.^[11]

In November 2014, Oyster launched its online editorial magazine, The Oyster Review, and its Author Advisory Board. Oyster's Author Advisory Board was composed of authors Roxane Gay, Megan Abbott, and Lauren Oliver.^[12]

In April 2015, Oyster launched an ebook store, offering complete catalogues from all of the Big Five publishers for individual purchase, as a complement to its existing subscription service, Oyster Unlimited.^[13]

In September 2015, Oyster announced that it would sunset the existing Oyster service "over the next several months" and the company was to be acquired by Google.^[14] Google and Oyster did not comment but there was speculation that Google planned to enter the subscription market for ebooks.^[15] The company co-founders joined Google to work on the company’s Google Play Books.^[16][14]

Features

Oyster offers several different reading modes, access to over 1 million titles, and book recommendations from its editorial staff. Users could also take advantage of highlighting and notes features and share their activities with friends using the platform.^[17] In June 2015, Oyster added a new feature, called Lumin, to help readers sleep better. The feature adjusts a reader's phone or tablet's light based on location and time of day, reducing the amount of blue light at night. Studies have shown that the blue light from smartphones and tablets can interfere with sleep.^[18]

Content

Oyster offers over 1,000,000 titles from over 1,600 publishers.^[19] Of the Big Five publishers, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster, and Macmillan Publishers had titles available through Oyster Unlimited,^[20] as well as a number of smaller presses including Perseus Book Group and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.^[21] Smashwords, a self-publishing platform, also distributes to Oyster and appears to be the primary publisher of works available on Oyster Unlimited.^{[citation needed]} All of the Big Five publishers offered books for purchase in Oyster's ebook store.^[22]

In January 2014, Oyster brought the entire Harry Potter series to the service through a partnership with J.K. Rowling and Pottermore.^[23] Oyster created a special user interface for reading the books as well as several exclusive interactive features to showcase the collection.^[24]

Carolyn Reidy, CEO of Simon & Schuster, told a panel at Digital Book World in 2014 that the publisher had not signed up over "unresolved questions about how to avoid devaluing books and cannibalizing sales."^[25] However, in May 2014, the publisher added their entire backlist at that point, consisting of about 14,000 titles, to the platform.^[26]

The Oyster Review

In addition to the company's subscription service, Oyster also produces and edits a "literary magazine for the life well-read" called the Oyster Review. The magazine operates as a discovery vehicle for the subscription service's content and brings in author's for interviews and guest essays. Contributors include: Choire Sicha, Lauren Oliver, Megan Abbott, Longform, Of a Kind, San Fermin, Rainbow Rowell, Jeff Vandermeer, Teju Cole, and Judy Blume.^[27]

The launch of the Oyster Review led to some speculation that Oyster would be going the route of other subscription services like Netflix who create their own content. Oyster's Kevin Nguyen however was resistant to the notion: "We’ve seen other people try to do it themselves and underestimate how good publishers are at their job,” Mr. Nguyen said. “We’re interested in joining the literary conversation, not do what publishers do.”^[28]

Data Collection

On Christmas Day 2013, The New York Times reported that Oyster and Scribd were among new ebook platforms which collected data on users' reading habits.^[29]

Critical reception and design

Reviews of Oyster from tech outlets had been largely positive with the service garnering several awards and "best of" recognitions. Reports and reviews largely focus on the service's excellent user experience, design, and focus on mobile reading.

In 2013, Oyster was named TechCrunch's "Best iOS Apps of the Year." Wired had described the app's design as "gorgeous",^[30] and PandoDaily said the app "makes Amazon look old,"^[31]. The New York Times called it the "prettiest of the ebook subscription services."^[32] Shortly after the launch of company's Android app, the service was awarded Google's "Beautiful Design Award."

In a review of the service, The New Yorker's Ian Crouch wrote that the app "takes its name from a line in 'The Merry Wives of Windsor' ('the world’s mine oyster,' spoken, incidentally, by a thief)." He also noted the app as being "handsomely designed."^[33]

See also

• Kindle Unlimited
• Scribd

References

1. "Ebook subscription services get a boost with help from Macmillan". The Verge. Vox Media.
2. "Google Inc (NASDAQ:GOOG) Acquires Oyster Remains for E-book Boost". learnbonds.com. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
3. Oyster shuts down, founders to lead Google Books New York. September 22, 2015
4. Oyster HQ Blog. September 22, 2015
5. "Oyster raises $3 million from Founders Fund for "Spotify for books"". PandoDaily. October 12, 2012. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
6. "New Partners for Our Next Chapter". Oyster. Oyster. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
7. UTC, Seth Fiegerman2013-09-05 15:27:57. "Oyster Releases the First True Netflix-for-E-books App". Mashable. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
8. "Ebook subscription startup Oyster expands to iPad and opens to all; some stats from Scribd". GigaOM. GigaOM. 16 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
9. "Oyster, now on your iPad". Oyster. Oyster. 16 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
10. "Bustle". bustle.com.
11. Paul Sawers (24 July 2014). "Read Oyster's Ebooks in Your Browser". The Next Web.
12. "Oyster Debuts Online Literary Journal". Retrieved 2015-08-05.
13. Alba, Davey (April 8, 2015). "The 'Netflix for Books' Just Invaded Amazon's Turf". Wired. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
14. Primack, Bydan; Griffith, Erin (September 22, 2015). "Oyster shuts down, founders to lead Google Books New York". Fortune. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
15. Fiegerman, Seth (September 22, 2015). "Google eats Oyster as online book startups succumb to giants". Mashable. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
16. Alba, Davey (September 22, 2015). "'Netflix for Books' Startup Oyster Is Shutting Down". Wired. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
17. Aldrin Calimlim. "'Netflix For Books' Service Oyster Adds Support For Highlights And Notes On iOS". AppAdvice.
18. "Oyster app aims to help nighttime readers sleep better - CNET". CNET. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
19. "Oyster's Matthew Shatz on Helping Publishers Tap Next Generation of Readers". Book Business.
20. "Publisher Macmillan Signs On With E-Book Subscription Services Oyster And Scribd". TechCrunch. AOL.
21. "Oyster, Perseus Ink Pilot E-Book Deal". PublishersWeekly.com.
22. "The 'Netflix for Books' Just Invaded Amazon's Turf". Retrieved 2015-08-05.
23. "Subscription Book Service Adds 'Harry Potter' Series". The New York Times. 2015-01-28. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
24. Ross, Ashley. "Now You Can Read Harry Potter in the Gryffindor Common Room". TIME.com. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
25. Joshua Brustein. "New Subscription Model for E-Books Challenges Traditional Publishers - Businessweek". Businessweek.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014.
26. Steven Bertoni (21 May 2014). "Oyster Books Scores Stephen King, Hemingway And More In Simon & Schuster Deal". Forbes.
27. "The Oyster Review Archives". Retrieved 2015-09-24.
28. "Oyster Launches a Lit Mag For Their Erudite E-Readers". Retrieved 2015-09-24.
29. "Technology: As New Services Track Habits the eBooks are Reading You". The New York Times. December 25, 2013.
30. "Is This Netflix of Books the Next Big Thing In Publishing?". Wired. September 2013.
31. "The Netflix for Books Is Here And It Makes Amazon Look Old". Pando. September 5, 2013.
32. Wood, Molly (2014-08-06). "Aiming to Be the Netflix of Books". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
33. "Oyster iPhone App eReader: What Doe It Mean to Own A book?". The New Yorker. September 2013.