Meloni government

Meloni government

68th Cabinet of Italy
Incumbent
Date formed22 October 2022 (2 years ago) (2022-10-22)
People and organisations
Head of stateSergio Mattarella
Head of governmentGiorgia Meloni
Deputy head of governmentAntonio Tajani
Matteo Salvini
No. of ministers25 (incl. Prime Minister)
Ministers removed2 resigned
Member parties
Status in legislatureMajority (coalition)
Chamber of Deputies:
243 / 400 (61%)
Senate:
120 / 205 (59%)
Opposition parties
History
Election2022 election
Legislature termXIX Legislature (2022–present)
Incoming formation2022 government formation
PredecessorDraghi government

The Meloni government is the 68th and current government of the Italian Republic, the first headed by Giorgia Meloni, leader of Brothers of Italy, who is also the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister of Italy.[1][2][3] The government was sworn in on 22 October 2022.[4][5] It was one of the fastest government formations in the history of the Italian Republic.[6] It was variously described as a shift to the political right,[7] as well as the first far-right-led coalition in Italy since World War II.[8][9]

Supporting parties

Party Main ideology Leader
Government parties
Brothers of Italy (FdI) National conservatism Giorgia Meloni
League (Lega) Right-wing populism Matteo Salvini
Forza Italia (FI) Liberal conservatism Silvio Berlusconi (died on 12 June 2023)
Antonio Tajani (since 15 July 2023)
Parties with secondary government positions
Us Moderates (NM) Liberal conservatism Maurizio Lupi
External support
Union of the Centre (UdC) Christian democracy Lorenzo Cesa
Coraggio Italia (CI) Liberal conservatism Luigi Brugnaro
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE) Italians abroad interests Ricardo Merlo
Animalist Movement (MA) Animal rights Michela Vittoria Brambilla

History

Government formation

Main article: 2022 Italian government formation
Delegation of the centre-right coalition at the Quirinal Palace

Immediately after the first meeting of the Italian Parliament's new legislature, tensions began to grow within the centre-right coalition. On 13 October, Silvio Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa,[10] a politician with a neo-fascist background and the Brothers of Italy (FdI) candidate to be President of the Senate of the Republic.[11][12][13] He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round,[14] thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre-right coalition.[15][16] Tensions further grew, in particular between Berlusconi and Giorgia Meloni, whom Berlusconi described as "patronising, overbearing, arrogant" and "offensive" in a series of written notes in the Senate.[17][18] In the following days, after meetings between parties' leader, tensions loosened and the centre-right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet.[1]

The Meloni government at the Quirinal Palace for the swearing in ceremony

On 20 October, consultations between President Sergio Mattarella and parties officially began. On the following day, delegates from FdI, the League (Lega), whose member Lorenzo Fontana had been elected President of the Chamber of Deputies on 14 October),[19][20] Forza Italia (FI), and the group of Civics of Italy–Us Moderates–MAIE told Mattarella they had reached an agreement to form a coalition government with Meloni as Prime Minister.[2][21] In the afternoon, Mattarella summoned Meloni to the Quirinal Palace, asking her to form a new government.[3] Meloni accepted the task, and on the same day assembled a cabinet, which was officially sworn in on 22 October.[4][5][22] She is the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister.[7][8][9] The government successfully won the confidence vote, held in late October,[23][24] with a comfortable majority in both houses.[25][26][27]

On 25 October, Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the Chamber of Deputies, before the confidence vote on her government. During her speech, she stressed the weight of being the first woman to serve as head of the Italian government.[28] Meloni thanked several Italian women, notably including Tina Anselmi, Samantha Cristoforetti, Grazia Deledda, Oriana Fallaci, Nilde Iotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Maria Montessori, who she said, "with the boards of their own examples, built the ladder that today allows me to climb and break the heavy glass ceiling placed over our heads."[29][30] On 31 October, the government nominated its deputy ministers and undersecretaries.[31] Galeazzo Bignami, one of the chosen deputy ministers,[32][33] caused controversy and garnered international attention as a 2005 photo of him with a Nazi armband became public.[34][35]

Investiture vote

25–26 October 2022
Investiture votes for the Meloni government[36][37]
House of Parliament Vote Parties Votes
Chamber of Deputies
(Voting: 389 of 400, Majority: 195) 		checkY Yes FdI, Lega, FI, CdI–NM–MAIE
235 / 389
☒N No PD–IDP, M5S, A–IV, AVS, +E
154 / 389
Abstention SVP, ScN, UV
5 / 389
Senate of the Republic
(Voting: 199 of 206, Majority: 98) 		checkY Yes FdI, Lega, FI, CdI–NM–MAIE
115 / 199
☒N No PD–IDP, M5S, A–IV, AVS, +E, SVP[a]
79 / 199
Abstention SVP, ScN
5 / 199
  1. ^ One SVP senator voted in favour, the other against.

Domestic policies

Meloni's government first decree law was related to the ergastolo ostativo,[38] the prison regime that excludes the perpetrators of violent crimes, in particular those related to the mafia and terrorism, from receiving benefits in prison unless they collaborate with the justice system, which are known as collaboratori di giustizia. In 2021, the Constitutional Court of Italy held that this was unconstitutional, and this decree law was previously approved in the Chamber on 31 March 2022 but did not make it to the Senate due to the snap elections.[39] One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded COVID-19 and concerned in the complete removal of the COVID-19 vaccination certificate, known in Italy as the Green Pass; moreover, the non-vaccinated doctors were re-integrated into service.[40][41] Another policy deemed of priority by the new right-wing government is raising the cash ceiling, which critics argue it favours tax evasion and unreported employment, while its proponents including Meloni reject this;[42] a poll by Izi showed that 6 out of 10 right-wing voters agreed that such a law would favour unreported employment.[43]

Decree on protests and rallies

On 31 October 2022, the government approved a decree providing for a penalty of up to six years of imprisonment for illegal parties and rallies.[44] This came amid anti-fascist protests at La Sapienza University,[45] which were subject of criticism due to the police's response,[46][47][48] and a rally in Predappio, where Benito Mussolini is buried, to commemorate the centenary of the March on Rome that led to the takeover of Mussolini and Italian fascism of the government.[49][50] Despite being officially presented as a decree against illegal rave parties,[51] the law was applicable to any gathering over 50 people that the public authority deemed dangerous,[52][53][54] which garnered criticism,[55][56][57] including from jurist Vitalba Azzolini.[58] The decree also caused protests from opposition parties and civil rights associations; according to Amnesty International, the decree "risked undermining the right to peaceful protest",[59] while Giuseppe Conte of the Five Star Movement compared it to a police state.[60] The law was also contested by FI,[61][62] which asked for changes,[63] including the reduction of sentences to four years,[64] while it was mainly supported by FdI and Lega,[65] and FdI's justice minister Carlo Nordio was reportedly upset by the law.[66]

Cultured meat ban

In March 2023, Italy's Meloni government approved a draft bill banning the production and commercialization of Cultured meat for human and animal consumption;[67][68][69] this move, which the government said was intended to protect food heritage.[70]

Italy became the first country to ban cultured meat in November 2023, when the government approved the bill.[71][72]

Foreign ban on surrogacys

On 16 October 2024, The Senate voted 84-58 in favor of extending a ban on surrogacy to couples who go abroad to avail of the procedure.[73]

Autonomy

On 23 January 2024, the bill about "differentiated autonomy" (which aims to give much more autonomy to Italian regions, for a maximum of 23 specific subjects) was approved in the Senate,[74] and it was then approved by the Chamber on June 19.[75] The law was criticized by the opposition and by various deputies and presidents of southern Italy (both from the majority and the opposition, such as Roberto Occhiuto of Forza Italia, president of Calabria, and Vincenzo De Luca of the PD, president of Campania),[76] accusing the government of wanting to abandon the southern regions, favoring those of the north, and on 20 July a collection of signatures began to call an abrogative referendum.[77][78][79]

Migration

On 24 January 2024, the Chamber of Deputies approves the ratification of the protocol of understanding with Albania, already approved by the Council of Ministers on 5 December and, even earlier, signed on 6 November, on the management of migration flows.[80] The ratification will then be approved by the Senate on February 15. [81]

On 22 May 2024, the Government, through Minister Matteo Piantedosi and in agreement with the Slovenian and Croatian authorities, implements a further six-month extension to the suspension of the Schengen Convention on the border with Slovenia, until 19 December;[82] The previous five-month extension had been approved on 18 January (and would have lasted until 19 June).[83]

Law and Order

On 15 June 2023, the Council of Ministers approves, on the proposal of Minister Nordio, a bill on justice (also known informally at first as the "Berlusconi reform" and then the "Nordio Bill"),[84] which abolishes the crime of abuse of office and redesigns the appeal procedures in the first instance initiated by prosecutors against acquittals,  as well as the use and dissemination of wiretapping.[85] The bill will then be approved by the Senate on 13 February 2024,[86] and then by the Chamber of Deputies on 10 July.[87]

On 7 August, a change was also made to the crime of Undue Allocation of Money or Movable Property, implemented io replace the abolished abuse of office, together with some minor corrections, in order to allow the promulgation of the previous "Nordio Bill", which had remained suspended until then due to some perplexities of the Presidency of the Republic.[88]

On 18 September 2024, the Chamber of Deputies approves the "Safety Bill" (a modified version of the "safety package" previously approved by the Council of Ministers on 16 November 2023),[89] which regards many subjects: terrorism; scams; protection of law enforcement; banning cannabis (in any form, as well as hemp-containing products); imprisonment (2-7 years) for those who illegally occupy a property; increase in penalties in case of protest (including passive resistance to orders) in prison; the need for a residence permit (for non-EU immigrants) to buy a SIM card; possible imprisonment (1 month if alone, 6 months-2 years if with more people) for those who implement road or railway blockades (even as a protest).[90][91]

Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi confirmed that the rule about blockades can be applied in some strike cases.[92] The bill was heavily criticized by the oppositions, which labelled it as "liberticidal": in particular, the "anti-Salis rule" (named after Ilaria Salis, an AVS MEP accused of illegal occupation in 2008; however, there was only one identification while she was in the plant at that moment, as the ALER has never initiated investigations, nor criminal or civil cases, in 16 years)[93] and the "anti-Gandhi rule" were criticized, the first one because it aggravates the situation of people who have no home to stay, the second one because it could also prevent peaceful protests (as Gandhi did).[94][95][96]

The Lega's request to evaluate the possibility of using chemical castration on those convicted of sexual violence was also accepted (this proposal was also highly criticized).[97]

Party breakdown

Beginning of term

Ministers

10
5
5
5

Ministers and other members

Current

Ministers

10
5
5
5

Ministers and other members

  • Brothers of Italy (FdI): prime minister, 9 ministers, 4 deputy ministers, 13 undersecretaries
  • League (Lega): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 9 undersecretaries
  • Forza Italia (FI): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 6 undersecretaries
  • Independents: 5 ministers, 1 undersecretary
  • Us Moderates (NM): 1 undersecretary

Geographical breakdown

A choropleth map showing the number of ministers from each region of Italy

Beginning of term

Current

Council of Ministers

Office Name Party Term
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Deputy Prime Ministers Matteo Salvini League 2022–present
Antonio Tajani Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Antonio Tajani Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi Independent 2022–present
Minister of Justice Carlo Nordio Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of Defence Guido Crosetto Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of Economy and Finance Giancarlo Giorgetti League 2022–present
Minister of Business and Made in Italy Adolfo Urso Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests Francesco Lollobrigida Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of the Environment and Energy Security Gilberto Pichetto Fratin Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of Infrastructure and Transport Matteo Salvini League 2022–present
Minister of Labour and Social Policies Marina Calderone Independent 2022–present
Minister of Education and Merit Giuseppe Valditara League 2022–present
Minister of University and Research Anna Maria Bernini Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of Culture Gennaro Sangiuliano Independent 2022–2024
Alessandro Giuli Independent 2024–present
Minister of Health Orazio Schillaci Independent 2022–present
Minister of Tourism Daniela Santanchè Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Relations with Parliament Luca Ciriani Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Public Administration Paolo Zangrillo Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies Roberto Calderoli League 2022–present
Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies Nello Musumeci Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for European Affairs, Southern Italy, Cohesion Policy and the NRRP Raffaele Fitto Brothers of Italy 2022–2024
Tommaso Foti Brothers of Italy 2024–present
Minister for Sport and Youth Andrea Abodi Independent 2022–present
Minister for Family, Birth Rate and Equal Opportunities Eugenia Roccella Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Disabilities Alessandra Locatelli League 2022–present
Minister for Institutional Reforms and Regulatory Simplification Elisabetta Casellati Forza Italia 2022–present
Secretary of the Council of Ministers Alfredo Mantovano Independent 2022–present

Composition

Office Portrait Name Term of office Party
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretaries
Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini 22 October 2022 – present League
Antonio Tajani 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Antonio Tajani 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi 22 October 2022 – present Independent (close to League)
Undersecretaries
Minister of Justice Carlo Nordio 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Defence Guido Crosetto 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretaries
Minister of Economy and Finance Giancarlo Giorgetti 22 October 2022 – present League
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Business and Made in Italy Adolfo Urso 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests Francesco Lollobrigida 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretaries
Minister for the Environment and Energy Security Gilberto Pichetto Fratin 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Deputy Minister
Undersecretary
Minister of Infrastructure and Transport Matteo Salvini 22 October 2022 – present League
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Labour and Social Policies Marina Elvira Calderone 22 October 2022 – present Independent
Deputy Minister
Undersecretary
Minister of Education and Merit Giuseppe Valditara 22 October 2022 – present League
Undersecretary
Minister of University and Research Anna Maria Bernini 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Undersecretary
Minister of Culture Gennaro Sangiuliano 22 October 2022 – 6 September 2024[a] Independent (close to FdI)
Alessandro Giuli 6 September 2024 – present Independent (close to FdI)
Undersecretaries
Minister of Health Orazio Schillaci 22 October 2022 – present Independent
Undersecretaries
Minister of Tourism Daniela Santanchè 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for Relations with Parliament
(without portfolio) 		Luca Ciriani 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretary
Minister for Public Administration
(without portfolio) 		Paolo Zangrillo 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies
(without portfolio) 		Roberto Calderoli 22 October 2022 – present League
Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies
(without portfolio) 		Nello Musumeci 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for European Affairs, Southern Italy, Cohesion Policy and the NRRP[b]
(without portfolio) 		Raffaele Fitto 22 October 2022 – 30 November 2024[c] Brothers of Italy
Tommaso Foti 2 December 2024 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for Sport and Youth
(without portfolio) 		Andrea Abodi 22 October 2022 – present Independent
Minister for Family, Birth Rate and Equal Opportunities
(without portfolio) 		Eugenia Roccella 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for Disabilities
(without portfolio) 		Alessandra Locatelli 22 October 2022 – present League
Minister for Institutional Reforms and Regulatory Simplification
(without portfolio) 		Elisabetta Casellati 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Secretary of the Council of Ministers Alfredo Mantovano 22 October 2022 – present Independent (close to FdI)
  1. ^ Sangiuliano resigned following a scandal involving Maria Rosaria Boccia, a woman later discovered to be his lover, who the minister tried to hire as a consultant and had free access to secretated documents without permission.
  2. ^ Foti served only as Minister of European Affairs, Cohesion Policies and NRRP, because Prime Minister Meloni kept for herself the Southern Policies.
  3. ^ Fitto resigned in order to become European Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms in the Second Von der Leyen Commission.

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