Delegation of the centre-right coalition at the Quirinal Palace
Immediately after the first meeting of the Italian Parliament's new legislature, tensions began to grow within the centre-right coalition. On 13 October, Silvio Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa,[10] a politician with a neo-fascist background and the Brothers of Italy (FdI) candidate to be President of the Senate of the Republic.[11][12][13] He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round,[14] thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre-right coalition.[15][16] Tensions further grew, in particular between Berlusconi and Giorgia Meloni, whom Berlusconi described as "patronising, overbearing, arrogant" and "offensive" in a series of written notes in the Senate.[17][18] In the following days, after meetings between parties' leader, tensions loosened and the centre-right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet.[1]
The Meloni government at the Quirinal Palace for the swearing in ceremony
On 25 October, Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the Chamber of Deputies, before the confidence vote on her government. During her speech, she stressed the weight of being the first woman to serve as head of the Italian government.[28] Meloni thanked several Italian women, notably including Tina Anselmi, Samantha Cristoforetti, Grazia Deledda, Oriana Fallaci, Nilde Iotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Maria Montessori, who she said, "with the boards of their own examples, built the ladder that today allows me to climb and break the heavy glass ceiling placed over our heads."[29][30] On 31 October, the government nominated its deputy ministers and undersecretaries.[31]Galeazzo Bignami, one of the chosen deputy ministers,[32][33] caused controversy and garnered international attention as a 2005 photo of him with a Nazi armband became public.[34][35]
Investiture vote
25–26 October 2022 Investiture votes for the Meloni government[36][37]
^One SVP senator voted in favour, the other against.
Domestic policies
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(March 2024)
Meloni's government first decree law was related to the ergastolo ostativo,[38] the prison regime that excludes the perpetrators of violent crimes, in particular those related to the mafia and terrorism, from receiving benefits in prison unless they collaborate with the justice system, which are known as collaboratori di giustizia. In 2021, the Constitutional Court of Italy held that this was unconstitutional, and this decree law was previously approved in the Chamber on 31 March 2022 but did not make it to the Senate due to the snap elections.[39] One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded COVID-19 and concerned in the complete removal of the COVID-19 vaccination certificate, known in Italy as the Green Pass; moreover, the non-vaccinated doctors were re-integrated into service.[40][41] Another policy deemed of priority by the new right-wing government is raising the cash ceiling, which critics argue it favours tax evasion and unreported employment, while its proponents including Meloni reject this;[42] a poll by Izi showed that 6 out of 10 right-wing voters agreed that such a law would favour unreported employment.[43]
Decree on protests and rallies
On 31 October 2022, the government approved a decree providing for a penalty of up to six years of imprisonment for illegal parties and rallies.[44] This came amid anti-fascist protests at La Sapienza University,[45] which were subject of criticism due to the police's response,[46][47][48] and a rally in Predappio, where Benito Mussolini is buried, to commemorate the centenary of the March on Rome that led to the takeover of Mussolini and Italian fascism of the government.[49][50] Despite being officially presented as a decree against illegal rave parties,[51] the law was applicable to any gathering over 50 people that the public authority deemed dangerous,[52][53][54] which garnered criticism,[55][56][57] including from jurist Vitalba Azzolini.[58] The decree also caused protests from opposition parties and civil rights associations; according to Amnesty International, the decree "risked undermining the right to peaceful protest",[59] while Giuseppe Conte of the Five Star Movement compared it to a police state.[60] The law was also contested by FI,[61][62] which asked for changes,[63] including the reduction of sentences to four years,[64] while it was mainly supported by FdI and Lega,[65] and FdI's justice minister Carlo Nordio was reportedly upset by the law.[66]
Cultured meat ban
In March 2023, Italy's Meloni government approved a draft bill banning the production and commercialization of Cultured meat for human and animal consumption;[67][68][69] this move, which the government said was intended to protect food heritage.[70]
Italy became the first country to ban cultured meat in November 2023, when the government approved the bill.[71][72]
Foreign ban on surrogacys
On 16 October 2024, The Senate voted 84-58 in favor of extending a ban on surrogacy to couples who go abroad to avail of the procedure.[73]
Autonomy
On 23 January 2024, the bill about "differentiated autonomy" (which aims to give much more autonomy to Italian regions, for a maximum of 23 specific subjects) was approved in the Senate,[74] and it was then approved by the Chamber on June 19.[75] The law was criticized by the opposition and by various deputies and presidents of southern Italy (both from the majority and the opposition, such as Roberto Occhiuto of Forza Italia, president of Calabria, and Vincenzo De Luca of the PD, president of Campania),[76] accusing the government of wanting to abandon the southern regions, favoring those of the north, and on 20 July a collection of signatures began to call an abrogative referendum.[77][78][79]
Migration
On 24 January 2024, the Chamber of Deputies approves the ratification of the protocol of understanding with Albania, already approved by the Council of Ministers on 5 December and, even earlier, signed on 6 November, on the management of migration flows.[80] The ratification will then be approved by the Senate on February 15. [81]
On 22 May 2024, the Government, through Minister Matteo Piantedosi and in agreement with the Slovenian and Croatian authorities, implements a further six-month extension to the suspension of the Schengen Convention on the border with Slovenia, until 19 December;[82] The previous five-month extension had been approved on 18 January (and would have lasted until 19 June).[83]
Law and Order
On 15 June 2023, the Council of Ministers approves, on the proposal of Minister Nordio, a bill on justice (also known informally at first as the "Berlusconi reform" and then the "Nordio Bill"),[84] which abolishes the crime of abuse of office and redesigns the appeal procedures in the first instance initiated by prosecutors against acquittals, as well as the use and dissemination of wiretapping.[85] The bill will then be approved by the Senate on 13 February 2024,[86] and then by the Chamber of Deputies on 10 July.[87]
On 7 August, a change was also made to the crime of Undue Allocation of Money or Movable Property, implemented io replace the abolished abuse of office, together with some minor corrections, in order to allow the promulgation of the previous "Nordio Bill", which had remained suspended until then due to some perplexities of the Presidency of the Republic.[88]
On 18 September 2024, the Chamber of Deputies approves the "Safety Bill" (a modified version of the "safety package" previously approved by the Council of Ministers on 16 November 2023),[89] which regards many subjects: terrorism; scams; protection of law enforcement; banning cannabis (in any form, as well as hemp-containing products); imprisonment (2-7 years) for those who illegally occupy a property; increase in penalties in case of protest (including passive resistance to orders) in prison; the need for a residence permit (for non-EU immigrants) to buy a SIM card; possible imprisonment (1 month if alone, 6 months-2 years if with more people) for those who implement road or railway blockades (even as a protest).[90][91]
Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi confirmed that the rule about blockades can be applied in some strike cases.[92] The bill was heavily criticized by the oppositions, which labelled it as "liberticidal": in particular, the "anti-Salis rule" (named after Ilaria Salis, an AVS MEP accused of illegal occupation in 2008; however, there was only one identification while she was in the plant at that moment, as the ALER has never initiated investigations, nor criminal or civil cases, in 16 years)[93] and the "anti-Gandhi rule" were criticized, the first one because it aggravates the situation of people who have no home to stay, the second one because it could also prevent peaceful protests (as Gandhi did).[94][95][96]
The Lega's request to evaluate the possibility of using chemical castration on those convicted of sexual violence was also accepted (this proposal was also highly criticized).[97]
^Sangiuliano resigned following a scandal involving Maria Rosaria Boccia, a woman later discovered to be his lover, who the minister tried to hire as a consultant and had free access to secretated documents without permission.
^ ab"Il governo Meloni giura oggi al Quirinale" [The Meloni government swears today at the Quirinale] (in Italian). RAI. 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022. Updated as of 22 October 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
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