Marinejegerkommandoen

Naval Special Operations Command
Marinejegerkommandoen (MJK)
Active	Frogmen: 1953–1968 MJK: 1968–current
Country	Norway
Branch	Norwegian Special Operations Command
Type	Naval Special Operation Forces
Size	Classified
Garrison/HQ	Haakonsvern Naval Base and Ramsund Naval Base
Motto(s)	"Prepare for tomorrow's threats, today"
Colors	Green beret flash on blue navy beret
Engagements	Operation Enduring Freedom (Task Force K-Bar) Operation Anaconda Operation Jacana International Security Assistance Force Operation Pickaxe-Handle Operation Atalanta Operation Ocean Shield Resolute Support Mission American University of Afghanistan attack Hostage situation at Hetal Hotel, Kabul May 2015 [1] 2018 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack 2015 Park Palace guesthouse attack
Decorations	United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation
Commanders
Current commander	Commander Kåre Karlsen (Commander MJK) Major general Torgeir Gråtrud. (Commander NORSOCOM)

Marinejegerkommandoen (MJK) (English: Naval Special Operations Command) is the maritime/naval special warfare unit of the Norwegian Armed Forces^[2] and was established in 1953.^[3]

The MJK is under the command of the Norwegian Special Operations Command (NORSOCOM)^[4] together with the Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK), with the MJK being the older of the two units. The unit is headquartered on the Ramsund naval base in northern Norway, with other MJK operators stationed on the Haakonsvern naval base in southwestern Norway.

Selection

As with any modern special operations forces, the training to become an MJK operator is long and arduous, both physically and mentally taxing. To become a fully qualified MJK operator takes a minimum of two years and is further augmented by specialized courses during the following contract period, such as combat medic training, sniper training and forward air control (FAC) training.^[5][6]

In 2008 a news-team from NRK filmed their selection process,^[7] showing recruits being strip searched and doing water exercises in a secret abandoned naval base somewhere along the Norwegian coast.

History

In the autumn of 1940, two Norwegian military units were set up in the United Kingdom. Their mission was to carry out special operations against Nazi forces in occupied Norway. The two units were Shetlandsgjengen (Shetland Bus), who used fishing vessels to transport people and materials to and from Norway, and Kompani Linge (Norwegian Independent Company 1), initially under the command of Lieutenant Martin Linge. Both units were under the command of the British Special Operations Executive.^[8]

In 1953, the Royal Norwegian Navy formed a frogman-unit. This unit was under the command of Ove Lund, and is the origin of the modern Marinejegerkommandoen and Minedykkerkommandoen. The mission of the frogmen was to conduct recon and sabotage against enemy targets above and below water. The frogmen were also tasked with disarming all water-borne explosive devices.

The missions gradually become more comprehensive and different frogman specialities emerged. This led to members of the unit being divided into a clearance diver team and two combat swimmer teams, in 1968. Of the combat swimmer groups, one was based at Ramsund Naval Station in northern Norway, and one was based at Karljohansvern Naval Station in southern Norway.^[9]

The two combat swimmer teams were eventually fused into one and based in Ramsund. They later changed names to the current Marinejegerkommandoen. Today the unit has its main base in Bergen, with training facilities in Ramsund.^[10]

Role

Marinejegerkommandoen plays an integral part in modern warfare operations. The unit carries out missions that require thorough planning, quick reaction, high precision, covert implementation, daring, courage and the ability to work independently. As with all SOF missions, they target objectives of high or critical strategic value.^[11]

Domestic security

Marinejegerkommandoen is on national counter-terrorism standby to assist the Norwegian Police if required (alongside Forsvarets Spesialkommando), and is also on continuous standby for international operations.^[11]

International operations

Four Marinejegerkommandoen divers in the water

The Marinejegerkommandoen have participated in a number of international operations. The unit conducted operations in Afghanistan in 2002 (Task Force K-Bar), in 2003 and in 2005–2006, as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. The unit was also involved in the training of the Afghan National Police Crisis Response Unit around Kabul in 2008–2009, relieving Forsvarets Spesialkommando for a short period.^[12]

The unit provided operators for Military Observer Teams (MOT's), as part of the Norwegian Armed Forces contribution in Faryab Province in northern Afghanistan. It was during a MOT patrol on 27 June 2010 that Lieutenant Commander Trond Andrè Bolle was killed, along with three members of the Norwegian Coastal Ranger Command, when the Iveco LMV they were travelling in was struck by an IED.^[13] Lt Cmdr Bolle was later awarded the Norwegian War Cross with Sword for his actions commanding the Norwegian Special Operations Force Task Group II in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan's Helmand province from October 2005 to February 2006.^[14]

MJK's contribution in Afghanistan has largely been kept secret, but from what little information is available, its missions have included DA (direct action), Forward Air Control (FAC) and SR (Special Surveillance and Reconnaissance), and cooperating with other coalition forces in the fight against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda.^{[citation needed]}

Following Afghanistan, MJK has deployed twice aboard Royal Norwegian Navy frigate HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen (F310) off the coast of Somalia, conducting anti-piracy operations as part of Operation Atalanta (2009)^[15] and Operation Ocean Shield (2013).^[16]

In January 2013, medical specialists from MJK, amongst other units, were sent on a Norwegian Air Force Super Hercules to Sicily in connection with the In Amenas hostage crisis in Algeria.^[17]

Recognition

Marinejegerkommandoen's participation in Operation Enduring Freedom earned the unit the Navy Presidential Unit Citation on 8 February 2005. The Presidential Unit Citation is the highest unit award given by the United States to allied units and was awarded to all members of Task Force K-Bar.^[18] William H. McRaven, a United States Navy Admiral who previously served as the commander of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), said in an interview with a Norwegian newspaper in 2007 that he regarded the Special Operations Forces of Norway to be among the top special operations forces in the world.^[19]

A member of the MJK was in August 2020 awarded the Bronze Star Medal of the United States for extraordinary allied efforts during a mission in Afghanistan.^[20]

Structure

Naval Special Operations Commando (Norwegian: Marinejegerkommandoen) (MJK),^[21] at Jaeger's Bight in Haakonsvern Naval Base, near Bergen. A research paper^[22] of the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment puts the force structure of the MJK at a staff and six combat squadrons:

• HQ Staff (MJK stab)
• Alfa Squadron - premier naval special warfare unit
• Bravo Squadron - entry unit for recent graduates of the training course
• Echo Squadron - special boat squadron
• Reconnaissance Squadron - special reconnaissance and intelligence unit
• Lima Squadron - combat service support squadron
• Training Squadron, at Ramsund Naval War Station (Ramsund orlogsstasjon) in Tjeldsund Municipality

Commanding officers

• Tom Robertsen (-2014)^[23]
• Petter Hellesen (2014-2018)^[23]
• Trond Gimmingsrud (2018-2020)
• Kåre Karlsen (2020-)^[24]

Vessels

• 10 Goldfish 36 RIB ( special version of the 36 model ) by Goldfish Boats AS ^[25][26]
• Safeguard ship for special forces - Petter B Salen. Dockstavarvet AB type IC20M Interceptor^[27]

See also

• Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK)
• Minedykkerkommandoen (Royal Norwegian Navy clearance divers/EOD)
• Kystjegerkommandoen (Royal Norwegian Navy Coastal Ranger Command)
• Norwegian Tactical Boat Squadron (in Norwegian)
• Delta (Norwegian Police tactical unit)
• List of military special forces units

References

1. Johnsen, Nilas (16 February 2017). Mikalsen, Helge (ed.). "Norske spesialsoldater i Afghanistan: – de vi slåss mot kjemper til døden". Verdens Gang. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
2. "The Norwegian Special Forces". forsvaret.no. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
3. "marinejeger.no". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
4. deBlanc-Knowles, Tess (6 October 2015). "Creation of a Norwegian SOCOM: Challenges and Opportunities". Global SOF Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
5. "Bli med på livredning med spesialstyrkene" (in Norwegian). 5 November 2015.
6. "Verdens tøffeste krigere". 19 March 2020.
7. "30. Aug. 2008 – Lørdagsrevyen" (in Norwegian). 20 March 2019.
8. Rein, Torolf (22 March 2021). "Kompani Linge". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 November 2021.
9. "Marinejegerkommandoens opprinnelse" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 6 June 2004.
10. "50 år i tjeneste på dypet" (in Norwegian). 2 September 2018.
11. "Primary Special Forces Missions".
12. From the book: "Our Secret Soldiers"
13. TV 2 AS (27 June 2010). "Fire norske soldater drept i Afghanistan". TV 2. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
14. Bakkeli, Tom (22 January 2011). Ege, Rune Thomas (ed.). "Trond Bolle får Krigskorset med sverd". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 November 2021.
15. Forsvarets museer. "Operasjon Atalanta; "Piratjakt i Adenbukten"". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
16. "Hedrer piratjegerne". Bergens Tidende. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
17. "Forsvaret har sendt norske spesialstyrker mot Algerie". Aftenposten. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
18. "Task Force K-Bar - Special Operations Forces and Operation Enduring Freedom".
19. Bakkeli, Tom (2 May 2011). "VG møtte bin Ladens banemann". VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved 25 December 2014.
20. "En av operatørene i Marinejegerkommandoen mottok fredag USA sin "bronze star" for ekstraordinær alliert innsats under oppdraget". Facebook. 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
21. "Organisation: The Norwegian Special Forces". Forsvaret.
22. Danielsen, Tone (2012). "Hos oss sitter kulturen i hjertet" – en antropologisk studie av kultur i Marinejegerkommandoen (in Norwegian). Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI). p. 45. ISBN 978-82-464-2052-3.
23. Colliander, Arne (8 August 2014). "NY sjef for hemmelige soldater". Bergen Tidende (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 November 2021.
24. "Sjefsskifte i Marinejegerkommandoen".
25. Ole H. Nissen-Lie (Båtliv) (25 September 2014). "Norske kjøremaskiner vekker oppsikt". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 November 2021.
26. "Goldfish med 10 RIB-båter til forsvaret". Norsk Maritimt Forlag – Båtliv.no. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
27. Jan Einar Zachariassen. "August Nærø". skipsrevyen.no. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.

External links

• Forsvaret.no: Marinejegerkommandoen Marinejegerkommandoen's Official Site (in Norwegian)
• YouTube Video Marinejegerkommandoen in the Gulf of Aden
• YouTube Video Recruitment video for MJK
• YouTube Video Video from the annual MJK candidate selection course
• Marinejegerkommandoen gallery Photos of the Marinejegerkommandoen during exercise Cold Response on www.dutchdefencepress.com