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This is a list of rulers of Myinsaing, a prominent vassal state during the Pagan, Pinya and Ava periods. During the Myinsaing Period, Athinkhaya of Myinsaing was one of the three de facto rulers—alongside his younger brothers Yazathingyan and Thihathu—of the rump Pagan Kingdom.

Background

During the reign of King Narathihapate of Pagan, Myinsaing was a mere village, whose headman was Theinkha Bo.^[1] The village became a myo, a district-level town with a myoza (a royal governor), soon after King Kyawswa of Pagan came to power in 1289. The town's first governor was Theinkha Bo's eldest son Athinkhaya.^{[note 1]} The town became the de facto capital of the rump Pagan kingdom when Athinkhya and his two brothers—Yazathingyan and Thihathu—together overthrew King Kyawswa in 1297.^[4]^[5]^[6] During the Pinya period, Athinkhaya's successor Sithu was the regent of Pinya from 1340 to 1344.^[7]

Certainly the 19th century, Myinsaing was no longer a royal governorship. It was governed by a mayor, myothugyi^[8] although it apparently continued to be a fief awarded to members of the royal family. Myinsaing's last feudal lord was Prince Thado Minye Yanshein, who after the Third Anglo-Burmese War continued the fight against the British occupation forces until his death in 1886.^[9]

List of rulers

Name	Term From	Term Until	Relationship to predecessor(s)	Overlords	Notes
Athinkhaya	c. 1289 (by February 1293)^{[note 2]}	13 April 1310	Appointed	Kyawswa of Pagan (1289–1297) Saw Hnit (1298–1310)	Co-Regent of Pagan (1297–1310) alongside Yazathingyan and Thihathu
Yazathingyan	1310	1312/13	Brother	Thihathu?	As Athinkhaya Nge (Athinkhaya II)^{[note 3]}
Sithu	1310s?	1344	Brother-in-law of Athinkhaya?, appointed	Thihathu (to 1325) Uzana I of Pinya (1325–1340)	Regent of Pinya (1340–1344)
Shwe Nan Shin	c. 1344	?	Appointed		Eldest sibling of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava
Thettawshay		c. 1386?	Appointed	Son-in-law	Husband of Shwe Nan Shin's daughter^{[note 4]}
Thray Sithu	c. 1386	1426		Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Nyo	Grandson of King Uzana I of Pinya and King Swa Saw Ke of Ava
...

List of lords

The following is a list of feudal lords who held Myinsaing as their fief. These lords did not have the day-to-day administrative duties, which were handled by a myothugyi (mayor).

Name	Term From	Term Until	Overlords	Notes
...
Princess of Myinsaing	by 1837	1846 or later	Tharrawaddy Min	Noted poet^[15]
...
Thado Minye Yanshein	?	13 August 1886	Thibaw Min (to 1885)	Son of King Mindon Min; died on 13 August 1886^[9]

Notes

^
Chronicle narratives are as follows:
- The Maha Yazawin chronicle (1724) says Yazathingyan was appointed governor of Myinsaing by King Kyawswa.^[2]
- The Yazawin Thit (1798) says Athinkhaya was appointed governor by Kyawswa.^[1]
- The Hmannan Yazawin (1832) accepts the Yazawin Thit's correction.^[3] It was now a myo, district-level town with a royal appointed governor.
^ Per a stone inscription dated 19 February 1293, Athinkhaya was the ruler of Myinsaing, Yazathingyan the ruler of Mekkhaya and Thihathu, the ruler of Pinle.^[10]
^ According to a 1329 stone inscription found at Lunbogon, Kyaukse by J.A. Stewart, Yazathingyan succeeded the [Myinsaing] throne as Athinkhaya Nge (Athinkhaya the Younger).^[11]
^ The Yazawin Thit says Thettawshay, a son of Min Letwe of Sigyay, was married to a daughter of Shwe Nan Shin of Myinsaing, and the couple had a son named Maha Thinkhaya.^[12] In an earlier section, the Yazawin Thit says Thettawshay of Myinsaing was a son-in-law of King Thihathu.^[13] The Hmannan only says Thettawshay of Myinsaing was a son-in-law of Thihathu^[14] While it is certainly possible that Thettawshay of Myinsaing was married to daughters of Thihathu and Shwe Nan Shin, a daughter of Thihathu who died in 1325 would likely have been much older than Thettawshay.

References

^ ^a ^b Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 154
^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 254
^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 361
^ Than Tun 1959: 119, 121–122
^ Htin Aung 1967: 74
^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 25–26
^ Than Tun 1959: 124
^ Burma Gazetter 1925: 121
^ ^a ^b Mya Myintzu, et al 2020: 116, 120
^ Than Tun 1959: 121
^ Duroiselle 1920: 16
^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 290
^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 273
^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 62
^ Hla Pe 2015: 183

Bibliography

Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2017). Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6783-6.
Duroiselle, Charles (1920). Report of the Superintendent, Archaeological Survey of Burma for the Year Ending 31st March 1920. Rangoon: Office of the Superintendent, Government Printing, Burma.
Hla Pe (2015) [1965]. Arthur Thomas Hatto (ed.). An Enquiry Into the Theme of Lovers' Meetings and Partings at Dawn in Poetry. De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111703602.
Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Mya Myintzu; Moe Moe Pyone; Kyaw Min (2020). "Prince Myinzaing and Early Armed Resistance Movements". Meiktila University Research Journal. XI (1). Meiktila: Meiktila University.
Neild, Ralph; Searle, H.F.; Stewart, J.A. (1925). "Kyaukse District". Burma Gazetteer. A. Rangoon: Government Printing and Stationery, Burma.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". Journal of Burma Research Society. XLII (II).