List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM
IBM's acquisitions
IBM logo
IBM has undergone a large number of mergers and acquisitions during a corporate history lasting over a century; the company has also produced a number of spinoffs during that time.
The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between IBM and the subject of the acquisition. The value of each acquisition is listed in USD because IBM is based in the United States . If the value of an acquisition is not listed, then it is undisclosed.
Precursors 1889–1910
Herman Hollerith initially did business under his own name, as The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System , specialising in punched card data processing equipment .[ 1] In 1896 he incorporated as the Tabulating Machine Company .
1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
1893 Dey Patents Company (soon renamed the Dey Time Register Company) incorporated.
1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester, New York ) incorporated.
1896
Detroit Automatic Scale Company incorporated.
Hollerith incorporates the Tabulating Machine Company . Will be reincorporated in 1905.
1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
1900
International Time Recording Company incorporated, acquiring the time-recording business of the Bundy Manufacturing Company and the Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester).
Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
1905 Hollerith reincorporates as The Tabulating Machine Company .[ 2]
1907 Dey Time Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
1908 Syracuse Time Recorder Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
Since the 1960s or earlier, IBM has described its formation as a merger of three companies: The Tabulating Machine Company (1880s origin in Washington, DC), the International Time Recording Company (ITR; 1900, Endicott), and the Computing Scale Company of America (1901, Dayton, Ohio).[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] However, there was no merger, it was an amalgamation , and an amalgamation of four, not three, companies.[ 6] The 1911 CTR stock prospectus states that the Bundy Manufacturing Company was also included.[ 7]
While ITR had acquired its time recording business in 1900 Bundy had remained a separate entity producing an adding machine and other wares.
CTR owned the stock of the four companies; CTR neither produced nor sold any product; the four companies continued to operate, as before, under their own names.
Acquisitions during 1912–1999
1912–1929
1917
American Automatic Scale Company acquired as International Scale Company.
CTR consolidates three already-existing Canadian companies: The Canadian Tabulating Machine Co., Ltd, the International Time Recording Co. of Canada, Ltd., and the Computing Scale Co. of Canada, Ltd., in a new holding company, International Business Machines Co., Ltd.[ 8]
1921
Pierce Accounting Machine Company (asset purchase).
Ticketograph Company (of Chicago).
1923
1924
1930–1949
1930 Automatic Accounting Scale Company.
1932 National Counting Scale Company.
1933 The separate companies were integrated in 1933 as IBM and the holding company eliminated.[ 10]
1933 Electromatic Typewriters Inc. (See: IBM Electromatic typewriter )
1941 Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.
1950–1969
1970–1989
1990–1999
1993
CGI Informatique (France), bought in 1993, ran independently until 1996, and was then progressively absorbed by IBM, country by country, this process being achieved in 1999.
1994
Transarc (Transarc Corporation bought by IBM in 1994, became part of IBM proper in 1999 as the IBM Pittsburgh Lab)[ 11]
1995
1996
Wilkerson Group
Tivoli Systems, Inc. for $743 million.
Data Sciences Ltd, prior to 1991 comprising Thorn EMI Software , Datasolve and the Corporate Management Services Division of Thorn EMI, for £95 million.[ 12]
Object Technology International (OTI) is acquired by IBM
Cyclade Consultants (Netherlands)
Fairway Technologies
Professional Data Management, Inc. / LifePRO[ 13]
1997
Software Artistry for $200 million.
Unison Software.
Dominion Semiconductor (Manassas, VA) is created by forming a 50/50 joint venture with Toshiba to produce 64MB and 256MB DRAM chips. Administrative offices are located in Building 131 the former IBM Federal Systems campus now primarily owned by Lockheed Martin; the new state-of-the-art fabrication facility was built from on adjacent land.
1998
CommQuest Technologies.
DataBeam Corporation, Lexington, KY
Ubique Ltd. , Israel
1999
Acquisitions since 2000
Number of acquisitions per year according to table below:
In 2020 IBM acquired 5 companies
In 2019 IBM acquired 1 companies
In 2018 IBM acquired 3 companies
In 2017 IBM acquired 3 companies
In 2016 IBM acquired 12 companies
In 2015 IBM acquired 13 companies
In 2014 IBM acquired 4 companies
In 2013 IBM acquired 9 companies
In 2012 IBM acquired 9 companies
In 2011 IBM acquired 8 companies
Acquired on
Company
Business
Country
Value (USD )
References
June 7, 2001
Mainspring
Business strategy consulting
USA
$80,000,000
[ 14]
July 2, 2001
Informix Corporation
Database software
USA
$1,000,000,000
[ 15]
Jan 14, 2002
CrossWorlds Software, Inc.
Software
USA
$129,000,000
[ 16]
June 25, 2002
Metamerge
Identity management
NOR
[ 17]
Aug 19, 2002
Trellisoft, Inc.
Enterprise storage
USA
[ 18]
Sep 12, 2002
Holosofx, Inc.
Business Process Management
USA , EGY
[ 19]
Oct 2, 2002
PWC Consulting from PricewaterhouseCoopers
Business Consulting and Technology Services
USA
$3,500,000,000
[ 20]
Oct 6, 2002
Access360
Software
USA
[ 21]
Oct 7, 2002
EADS Matra Datavision
Product lifecycle management
USA
[ 22]
Nov 15, 2002
Tarian Software
Records Management
CAN
[ 23]
Feb 21, 2003
Rational Software Corporation
Software Development
USA
$2,100,000,000
[ 24]
May 14, 2003
Think Dynamics
Software
CAN
[ 25]
July 1, 2003
Information Laboratory
Software
USA
[ 26]
July 15, 2003
Aptrix
Software
AUS
[ 27]
Oct 17, 2003
CrossAccess Corporation
Enterprise Information Integration
USA
[ 28]
Nov 13, 2003
Productivity Solutions, Inc.
Automated Self-Checkout Systems
USA
[ 29]
Dec 17, 2003
Green Pasture Software, Inc.
Content management software
USA
[ 30]
April 6, 2004
Trigo Technologies
Product information management
USA
[ 31]
April 7, 2004
Daksh e-Services
BPO Services
IND
$170,000,000
[ 32]
April 13, 2004
Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger
IT Services
FRA
[ 33]
June 7, 2004
Candle Corporation
Infrastructure management
USA
[ 34]
July 14, 2004
Alphablox Corporation
Business Intelligence
USA
[ 35]
July 29, 2004
Cyanea Systems
Application management software
USA
[ 36]
Oct 7, 2004
Venetica
Enterprise Information Integration
USA
[ 37]
Nov 19, 2004
Systemcorp ALG Ltd.
Project Portfolio Management (PPM) software
CAN
[ 38]
Nov 23, 2004
Liberty Insurance Services
Business process services
USA
[ 39]
Dec 1, 2004
Maersk Data and DMdata from Maersk
IT Services
DEN
[ 40]
Dec 13, 2004
KeyMRO
Procurement Services
FRA
[ 41]
Jan 7, 2005
Systems Research & Development
Identity management
USA
[ 42]
March 16, 2005
Corio
Application Services
USA
$182,000,000
[ 43]
April 29, 2005
Ascential Software Corporation
Enterprise Information Integration
USA
$1,100,000,000
[ 44]
May 10, 2005
Gluecode Software
Application Server
USA
[ 45]
June 23, 2005
Meiosys
Application Management
USA , FRA
[ 46]
July 25, 2005
PureEdge Solutions, Inc.
Electronic Forms
CAN
[ 47]
July 27, 2005
Isogon Corporation
Asset Management
USA
[ 48]
Aug 2, 2005
DWL
Enterprise Information Integration
USA , CAN
[ 49]
Oct 14, 2005
DataPower Technology, Inc.
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
USA
[ 50]
Nov 1, 2005
iPhrase Systems, Inc.
Information management software
USA
[ 51]
Nov 10, 2005
Network Solutions Pvt Ltd
IT Services
IND
Nov 15, 2005
Collation, Inc.
Network management
USA
[ 52]
Dec 20, 2005
Bowstreet, Inc.
Portal-based tools
USA
[ 53]
Jan 27, 2006
ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON
Semiconductor Manufacturing software
USA
[ 54]
Jan 20, 2006
CIMS Lab, Inc.
IT Financial Management
USA
[ 55]
Feb 8, 2006
Viacore, Inc.
Supply chain optimization
USA
[ 56]
Feb 14, 2006
Micromuse, Inc.
Network management
USA
$865,000,000
[ 57]
March 16, 2006
Language Analysis Systems
Identity management
USA
[ 58]
May 2, 2006
BuildForge, Inc.
Software Development
USA
[ 59]
May 5, 2006
Unicorn Solutions, Inc.
Metadata management
USA
[ 60]
[ 61]
June 27, 2006
Rembo Technology
Installation Software
SUI
[ 62]
Aug 1, 2006
Webify Solutions, Inc
Service Oriented Architecture software
USA
[ 63]
Sep 6, 2006
Global Value Solutions
IT Services
BRA
[ 64]
Oct 4, 2006
DORANA product line from Ubiquity Pty Limited
Asset Management
AUS
[ 65]
Oct 5, 2006
MRO Software
Asset Management
USA
$740,000,000
[ 66]
Oct 12, 2006
FileNet Corporation
Content management software
USA
$1,600,000,000
[ 67]
Oct 20, 2006
Internet Security Systems (ISS)
Information security
USA
$1,300,000,000
[ 68]
Oct 20, 2006
Palisades Technology Partners
Management consulting
USA
[ 69]
Jan 22, 2007
Consul Risk Management, Inc.
Information security
NED
[ 70]
Feb 13, 2007
Vallent Corporation
Telecommunications Management
USA
[ 71]
March 1, 2007
Softek Storage Solutions Corporation
Data Mobility
USA
[ 72]
March 18, 2007
BlackDot Networks, Inc.
Enterprise Data Consulting
USA
April 20, 2007
Unicible
IT Services
SWI
$460,000,000
[ 73]
July 20, 2007
Watchfire Corporation
Security Software Testing
USA
[ 74]
Aug 21, 2007
WebDialogs
Web conferencing and communications
USA
[ 75]
Aug 31, 2007
DataMirror Corporation
Change Data Capture
CAN
$161,000,000
[ 76]
Sep 7, 2007
Qinnova, Inc.
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)
CAN
[ 77]
Sep 10, 2007
Princeton Softech, Inc.
Business Intelligence
USA
[ 78]
Oct 24, 2007
NovusCG
Storage Consulting and Technology Services
USA
[ 79]
Jan 2, 2008
XIV
Enterprise storage
ISR
Over $300M
[ 80]
Jan 18, 2008
AptSoft Corporation
Business Intelligence
USA
[ 81]
Jan 29, 2008
Solid Information Technology
Database software
USA , FIN
[ 82]
Jan 31, 2008
Cognos
Business Intelligence
CAN
$5,000,000,000
[ 83]
Jan 31, 2008
Arsenal Digital Solutions
Data backup services
USA
[ 84]
Feb 15, 2008
Net Integration Technologies Inc.
Business Server Software
CAN
[ 85]
March 11, 2008
Encentuate , Inc.
Enterprise Single Sign-On
USA
[ 86]
April 3, 2008
Telelogic AB
Enterprise software development
SWE
$845,000,000
[ 87]
April 18, 2008
Diligent Technologies
Data De-duplication
USA
$200,000,000
[ 88]
April 21, 2008
FilesX
Application Recovery Software
USA , ISR
[ 89]
April 29, 2008
InfoDyne Corporation
Data Feed Connectors
USA
[ 90]
July 2, 2008
Platform Solutions
Mainframe, System Z technologies
USA
[ 91]
July 28, 2008
ILOG
Business Rules Management Systems
FRA
$340,000,000
[ 92]
Nov 18, 2008
Transitive Corporation
Virtualization Software
USA , UK
[ 93]
Jan 15, 2009
Outblaze 's E-Mail Service Assets
Online messaging and collaboration
HKG
[ 94]
May 5, 2009
Exeros Assets
Data Discovery Software
USA
[ 95]
July 28, 2009
SPSS Inc.
Statistical analysis software
USA
$1,200,000,000
[ 96]
July 28, 2009
Ounce Labs
Source code analysis
USA
[ 97]
September 22, 2009
RedPill Solutions
Analytics and Optimisation
SGP
[ 98]
November 30, 2009
Guardium
Database monitoring and protection
USA , ISR
[ 99]
December 16, 2009
Lombardi
Business Process Management
USA
[ 100]
January 20, 2010
National Interest Security Company, LLC
Public sector consulting
USA
[ 101]
February 3, 2010
Initiate Systems
Data integrity software
USA
[ 102]
February 16, 2010
Intelliden Inc.
Network Automation software
USA
[ 103]
March 1, 2010
Wilshire Credit Corporation Assets
Mortgage Business Processing Services
USA
[ 104]
May 3, 2010
Cast Iron Systems
Cloud Integration
USA
$190,000,000 [ 105]
[ 106]
May 24, 2010
Sterling Commerce
Business software integration
USA
$1,400,000,000
[ 107]
June 15, 2010
Coremetrics
Web Analytics
USA
[ 108]
July 1, 2010
BigFix, Inc.
Security and IT automation software
USA
[ 109]
July 29, 2010
Storwize
Data Compression
USA
$140,000,000
[ 110]
August 10, 2010
Datacap
Data capture and Content Management
USA
[ 111]
August 13, 2010
Unica Corporation
Marketing planning software
USA
$480,000,000
[ 112]
September 15, 2010
OpenPages
Integrated risk management solutions
USA
[ 113]
September 20, 2010
Netezza
Data warehousing and analytics
USA
$1,700,000,000
[ 114]
September 27, 2010
BLADE Network Technologies
Networking
USA
[ 115]
October 13, 2010
PSS Systems
Legal risk management
USA
[ 116]
October 21, 2010
Clarity Systems
Financial governance
CAN
$350,000,000
[ 117]
March 22, 2011
Tririga Inc.
Facility and Real Estate Management
USA
[ 118]
August 31, 2011
i2 Limited
Intelligence Analytics
UK
[ 119]
September 1, 2011
Algorithmics Inc. [ 120]
Risk Management
CAN
$387,000,000
[ 121]
October 4, 2011
Q1 Labs[ 122]
Security Intelligence
USA
[ 123]
October 12, 2011
Platform Computing
Cluster and Grid Management Software
CAN
[ 124]
December 5, 2011
Cúram Software
Smarter Cities
IRL
[ 125]
December 8, 2011
DemandTec
Cloud-based Retail Analytics
USA
$440,000,000
[ 126]
December 15, 2011
Emptoris
Supply Chain Analytics
USA
[ 127]
January 4, 2012
Green Hat (software company)[ 128]
Cloud based software testing
USA , UK
[ 129]
January 31, 2012
Worklight
Software Development Firm
ISR
$70,000,000
[ 130] [ 131]
April 13, 2012
Varicent
Compensation and Sales Performance Management Software Solutions
CAN
[ 132]
April 25, 2012
Vivisimo
Enterprise Search Software
USA
[ 133]
May 2, 2012
Tealeaf Technology
Customer Experience Analytics Software
USA
[ 134]
August 16, 2012
Texas Memory Systems
Solid State Storage
USA
[ 135]
August 27, 2012
Kenexa Corporation
Human Capital Solutions
USA
$1,400,000,000[ 136]
[ 137]
September 24, 2012
Butterfly Software Ltd.
Data Analysis and Migration Software
UK
[ 138]
December 19, 2012
StoredIQ
Big Data Analysis
USA
[ 139]
February 1, 2013
Star Analytics
Business Analytics
USA
[ 140] [ 141]
April 22, 2013
UrbanCode
Software delivery automation
USA
[ 142]
June 4, 2013
SoftLayer Technologies
Cloud Computing Infrastructure
USA
$2,000,000,000[ 143]
[ 144]
July 9, 2013
CSL International
Cloud Computing
ISR
Not Disclosed
[ 145]
August 15, 2013
Trusteer
Cyber Security
ISR
$1,000,000,000[ 146]
[ 147]
September 19, 2013
Daeja Image Systems
Viewer for document management systems
UK
Not disclosed
[ 148]
October 1, 2013
The Now Factory
Mobile Networks Big Data Analytics
IRL
Not disclosed
[ 149]
October 3, 2013
Xtify
In-app mobile messaging and push notification tools
USA
Not disclosed
[ 150]
November 13, 2013
Fiberlink Communications
Mobile Device Management
USA
$330,000,000
[ 151]
December 19, 2013
Aspera, Inc.
Data Transfer Technology
USA
Not disclosed
[ 152]
February 24, 2014
Cloudant, Inc.
Database-as-a-Service
USA
Not disclosed
[ 153]
April 10, 2014
Silverpop Systems, Inc.
Behavioral Marketing Automation
USA
Not disclosed
[ 154]
May 19, 2014
Cognea
Cognitive computing (conversational artificial intelligence platform)
USA
Not disclosed
[ 155]
July 31, 2014
CrossIdeas
Cloud Security (Identity and Access Governance)
ITA
Not disclosed
[ 156]
August 11, 2014
Lighthouse Security Group
Cloud Security
USA
Not disclosed
[ 157]
March 4, 2015
AlchemyAPI
Natural language processing , big data
USA
Not disclosed
[ 158]
Mar 25, 2015
Lufthansa 's IT Infrastructure Unit (LHSystems)
IT Infrastructure servicing Lufthansa and its subsidiaries (Technik , Cargo , LSG Skychefs , etc.) Although purchase price is difficult to find, IBM positioned this acquisition as "winning "an outsourcing contract" worth US$1.25B[ 159]
USA DE
[ 160]
March 27, 2015
Blekko
Web Search Engine, Cognitive Computing
USA
Not disclosed
[ 161]
April 13, 2015
Explorys
Healthcare analytics
USA
Not disclosed
[ 162]
April 13, 2015
Phytel
Health management software
USA
Not disclosed
[ 163]
June 3, 2015
Bluebox
Private Cloud as a Service
USA
Not disclosed
[ 164]
July 23, 2015
Compose Inc.
Database as a Service
USA
Not disclosed
[ 165]
August 6, 2015
Merge Healthcare Inc.
Healthcare imaging software
USA
$1,000,000,000
[ 166]
September 10, 2015
StrongLoop Inc.
Mobile API capabilities
USA
Not disclosed
[ 167]
September 28, 2015
Meteorix LLC
Consulting services for Workday applications
USA
Not disclosed
[ 168]
October 28, 2015
The Weather Company digital assets
Weather data sources and analytics, related online and mobile products
USA
Not disclosed
[ 169] [ 170] [ 171]
November 3, 2015
Gravitant, Inc
Cloud brokerage software and cloud management
USA
Not disclosed
[ 172]
November 6, 2015
Cleversafe
Object-based storage software
USA
$1,309,000,000[ 173]
[ 174]
December 8, 2015
Clearleap
Cloud-based video management
USA
Not disclosed
[ 175]
January 15, 2016
Iris Analytics
Real time transaction fraud detection
GER
Not disclosed
[ 176]
January 21, 2016
Ustream
Streaming video
USA
Not disclosed
[ 177]
January 28, 2016
Resource/Ammirati
Digital marketing and creative agency
USA
Not disclosed
[ 178]
February 2, 2016
Aperto AG
Digital marketing and creative agency
GER
Not disclosed
[ 179]
February 3, 2016
ecx.io AG
Digital marketing and creative agency
GER
Not disclosed
[ 180]
February 18, 2016
Truven Health Analytics
Provider of cloud-based healthcare data, analytics and insights
USA
$2,600,000,000
[ 181]
February 29, 2016
Resilient Systems
Cyber security, incident response platform
USA
Not disclosed
[ 182]
March 18, 2016
Optevia
Specialist provider of Microsoft Dynamics CRM based solutions and associated services to the public sector
UK
Not disclosed
[ 183]
March 31, 2016
Blue Wolf Group LLC
Salesforce systems integrator and professional services
USA
$200,000,000
[ 184]
June 1, 2016
EZSource
Application discovery and dashboard visualization
ISR
Not disclosed
[ 185]
September 29, 2016
Promontory Financial Group
Risk management and regulatory compliance
USA
Not disclosed
[ 186]
October 27, 2016
Sanovi Technologies
Hybrid cloud recovery
IND
Not disclosed
[ 187]
February 3, 2017
Agile 3 Solutions
Information security
USA
Not disclosed
[ 188]
May 2, 2017
Verizon – Cloud services
Cloud services
USA
Not disclosed
[ 189]
May 31, 2017
XCC (division of TIMETOACT)
Collaboration software
GER
Not disclosed
[ 190]
September 24, 2017
Cloudigo
Data Center Company
Israel
Not disclosed
[ 191]
October 5, 2017
Vivant Digital
Innovation Consultancy
AUS
Not disclosed
[ 192]
May 3, 2018
Armanta, Inc.
Aggregation/analytics software for financial services firms
USA
Not disclosed
[ 193]
June 15, 2018
Oniqua Holdings Pty Ltd.
Intelligent maintenance repair and operations (MRO) solutions
USA AUS
Not disclosed
[ 194]
July 9, 2019
Red Hat
Provider of open source software and solutions
USA
$34,000,000,000
[ 195] [ 196]
June 15, 2020
Spanugo
US-based provider of cloud cybersecurity posture management solutions
USA
Not disclosed
[ 197]
July 8, 2020
WDG
IBM to Acquire WDG Automation to Advance AI-Infused Automation Capabilities for Enterprises
BRA
Not disclosed
[ 198]
November 16, 2020
TruQua Enterprises
Acquisition enhances IBM's expertise in migrating financial platforms to SAP
USA
Not disclosed
[ 199]
November 18, 2020
Instana
Acquisition continues to advance IBM's Hybrid Cloud and AIOps strategy with Application Performance Management and enterprise Observability capabilities
USA
Not disclosed
[ 200]
December 15, 2020
Expertus Technologies Inc.
Digital payments provider
CAN
Not disclosed
[ 201]
December 21, 2020
Nordcloud
Acquisition enhances IBM's Hybrid Cloud Consulting capabilities
FIN
Not disclosed
[ 202]
January 11, 2021
7Summits
Acquisition drives digital transformations for Salesforce clients
USA
Not disclosed
[ 203]
Jan 14, 2021
Taos
Acquisition to expand hybrid cloud consulting services
USA
Not disclosed
[ 204]
April 15, 2021
myInvenio
Acquisition to help Organizations Use AI-powered Automation to Better Streamline Business Processes
ITA
Not disclosed
[ 205]
May 18, 2021
Waeg
Acquisition to expand Salesforce consulting services
Belgium
Not disclosed
[ 206]
June 17, 2021
Turbonomic
Acquisition to expand AIOps (the use of AI to automate IT Operations) to application and infrastructure observability. This also included SevOne , a network performance management solution as part of the acquisition.
USA
Estimated $1,500,000,000 - $2,000,000,000 [ 207]
[ 208] [ 209]
July 8, 2021
BoxBoat Technologies
DevOps consultancy and enterprise Kubernetes certified service provider
USA
Not disclosed
[ 210]
July 15, 2021
Bluetab Solutions Group, S.L.
Hybrid cloud data and analytics consulting
SPA
Not disclosed
[ 211]
Feb 15, 2022
Neudesic
Cloud services consultancy specializing primarily in the Microsoft Azure platform, along with bringing skills in multicloud
USA
Not disclosed
[ 212]
September 22, 2022
Dialexa
Digital product engineering services
USA
Not disclosed
[ 213]
December 2022
Octo
USA
Not disclosed
February 8, 2023
StepZen
GraphQL-as-a-Service
USA
Not disclosed
[ 214]
June 26, 2023
Apptio
Software-as-a-service
USA
$4,600,000,000
[ 215]
December 18, 2023
Streamsets
Data integration
GER
[ 216]
March 20, 2024
Pliant
Network and IT infrastructure automation
USA
Not disclosed
[ 217]
April 24, 2024
HashiCorp
Infrastructure and security automation
USA
$6,400,000,000
[ 218]
Spin-offs
1934 – Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
1942 – Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
1958 – Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company .
1974 – Service Bureau Corporation sold to Control Data Corporation
1984 – Prodigy , formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company .
1985 – Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
1988 – Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak .[ 219] [ 220]
1990 – ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola . Motorola buys IBM's 50% interest in 1994. Now Motient.
1991 – Lexmark (keyboards, typewriters, and printers). IBM retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses.
1991 – Kaleida , a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer .
1992 – Taligent , a joint software venture with Apple Computer .
1992 – IBM's personal computer manufacturing divisions, combined and spun off to form the autonomous subsidiary IBM Personal Computer Company (later IBM Personal Systems Group).
1992 – IBM Commercial Multimedia Technologies Group, spun off to form private company Fairway Technologies.
1992 – IBM sells its remaining 50 percent stake in the Rolm Company to Siemens A.G. of Germany.[ 221]
1994 – Xyratex enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology, formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
1995 – Advantis (Advanced Value-Added Networking Technology of IBM & Sears), a voice and data network company. Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. IBM buys Sears' 30% interest in 1997. AT&T acquires the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
1994 – Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA. Loral was later acquired by Lockheed Martin .
1996 – Celestica , Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS).
1998 – IBM Global Network sold to AT&T to form AT&T Business Internet .
1999 – Dominion Semiconductor (DSC) IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba . DSC becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
2001 – Information Services Extended department, developer of specialized databases and software for telephone directory assistance, is spun off to form privately held company ISx, Inc (later sold to Local Matters).
December 31, 2002 – IBM sells its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM hard drives and the Microdrive . IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup , storage software and enterprise storage .
December 2004 – Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo : Lenovo acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
April 3, 2006 – Web analytics provider Coremetrics acquires SurfAid Analytics, a standalone division of IBM Global Services. The deal was said to be in the "eight-figure" range, making it worth at least $10 million. (Note: Since then Coremetrics has in turn been acquired by IBM)
January 25, 2007 – Three-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.
September 2009 – IBM launches online business IT video advice service in association with GuruOnline.
September 2009 – IBM sells its U2 multivalue database and application development products (created by VMark , UniData, System Builder and Prime Computer, obtained via the Informix acquisition) to Rocket Software
April 2012 – IBM sells its Retail Store Solutions division (Point-of-Sales) to Toshiba TEC [ 222]
January 2014 – IBM sells its IBM System x business to Lenovo for $2.3 billion.[ 223]
October 2014 – IBM sells its Microelectronics (semiconductor) branch to GlobalFoundries . IBM will pay GlobalFoundries $1.5 billion over 3 years to take over the business.[ 224]
December 2014 – UNICOM Global acquires IBM Rational Focal Point and IBM Rational Purify Plus.[ 225]
January 2015 – IBM sells Algorithmics Collateral to SmartStream Technologies [ 226]
December 2015 – UNICOM Global acquires IBM Rational System Architect [ 227]
December 2018 – HCL Technologies to acquire Select IBM Software Products for $1.8B.[ 228]
July 2019 – IBM Watson Marketing business spins off into standalone company Acoustic, after acquisition by Centerbridge Partners [ 229] [ 230]
October 8, 2020 – IBM announced it was spinning off the Managed Infrastructure Services unit of its Global Technology Services division into a new public company, an action expected to be completed by the end of 2021.[ 231]
January 21, 2022 – IBM announced that it would sell Watson Health to the private equity firm Francisco Partners .[ 232]
August 22, 2023 — IBM announced that the private equity firm Francisco Partners would acquire The Weather Company assets.[ 233]
See also
References
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^ "IBM Closes Acquisition of Turbonomic to Deliver Comprehensive AIOps Capabilities for Hybrid Cloud" .
^ "IBM to Acquire Premier Hybrid Cloud Consulting Firm" .
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )
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^ "SmartStream Acquires Algorithmics Collateral Assets From IBM to Further Expand its Cash and Liquidity Management Offerings" . SmartStream. 2015-02-04.
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^ [HCL Technologies to Acquire Select IBM Software Products for $1.8B "HCL Technologies to Acquire Select IBM Software Products for $1.8B"]. IBM . 2018-12-06.
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