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Lakshmipur District

লক্ষ্মীপুর জেলা
Lakshmipur District লক্ষ্মীপুর জেলা
District of Bangladesh
	Road from Dhaka to Lakshmipur, Tita Khan Jame Masjid, Dam near Moju Chowdhury Hat, Meghna River at Haidergang Ghat, Sunset at Char Alexander
	Expandable map of Lakshmipur District
	Coordinates: 22°57′00″N 90°49′30″E / 22.9500°N 90.8250°E
Country	Bangladesh
Division	Chittagong Division
Subdivision	1979
District	15 February 1984 (split from Noakhali)
Headquarters	Lakshmipur
Government
• Deputy Commissioner	Muhammad Anwar Husayn Akand
Area
• Total	1,440.39 km2 (556.14 sq mi)
Population (2022)
• Total	1,937,948
• Density	1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Lakshmipuri, Laxmipuri
Time zone	UTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code	3700
Area code	0381
ISO 3166 code	BD-31
HDI (2018)	0.596; medium · 11th of 21
Website	www.lakshmipur.gov.bd

Lakshmipur District (Bengali: লক্ষ্মীপুর জেলা; Bengali pronunciation: [lokʰːiˈpur]) is a district in Bangladesh with an area of 1,440 km². It is bordered by Chandpur to the north, Bhola and Noakhali districts to the south, Noakhali to the east, and Barisal and Bhola districts to the west. Lakshmipur was part of Noakhali until 15 February 1984, when the western part of Noakhali was reorganised from Lakshmipur subdivision into Lakshmipur district to improve administrative efficiency.^[3]

History

As with the rest of the erstwhile Noakhali district, most of the Lakshmipur area was formed relatively recently from alluvial deposits brought by the Meghna. The region was formerly under the Samatata region of ancient Bengal and later formed part of the Bhulua Kingdom, which intermittently fell under the domination of the Bengal Sultans, Tripura and Rakhine. During the 14th century a Sufi saint called by the locals Shah Miran arrived in the district to spread Islam among the local Hindus. His dargah is in Kanchanpur village of Ramganj Upazila.

Bhulua was conquered by the Mughals in the early 17th century. In the 18th century, the East India Company took over the region and formed the district of Noakhali. The Noakhali riots began in Shyampur village of Ramganj Upazila and spread to the rest of the present district. After Partition, Lakshmipur continued to be a part of Noakhali district until 1984 when it became its own district.

Geography

Lakshmipur is roughly triangular in shape. It borders Chandpur district to the north, Noakhali district to the east, and Barisal and Bhola districts across the Meghna to the southwest. The southwestern portion of the district consists of chars formed by alluvial deposits of the Meghna, which are constantly shifting in position and size. There are very few major rivers, the two biggest being the Meghna and Dakatia. The Meghna forms the southwestern border of the district and is very wide.

The chars in the Meghna are made up of alluvial deposits that, after a few months, begin growing grass and trees and become suitable for cultivation. Most of present-day Lakshmipur district was created in the last century by the gradual merging of chars with the mainland. The terrain is flat and is mostly cultivated fields with pockets of forest cover.

Administration

The district of Lakshmipur consists of four municipalities, 58 union parishads, 514 villages, 3,539 mosques, 45 temples, and one church.^[4]

The upazilas or subdivisions under this district are:^[5]

Police stations

There are six police stations in Lakshmipur.

Lakshmipur Model Thana
Ramganj Thana
Raipur Thana
Ramgati Thana
Kamalnagar Thana
Chandragonj Thana

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1974	966,785	—
1981	1,120,260	+2.13%
1991	1,312,337	+1.60%
2001	1,489,901	+1.28%
2011	1,729,188	+1.50%
2022	1,937,948	+1.04%
Sources:^[1]^[6]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Lakshmipur District had 459,344 households and a population of 1,937,948 with an average 4.16 people per household. Among the population, 431,467 (22.26%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,345 people per km². The literacy rate (age 7 and over) in Lakshmipur was 73.98%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and the sex ratio was 1,122 females per 1,000 males. Approximately, 24.90% of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 150.^[1]

Religions in Lakshmipur District (2022)^[1]
Religion			Percent
Islam			96.79%
Hinduism			3.19%
Other or not stated			0.02%

Religion in present-day Lakshmipur District
Religion	1941^[7]^{: 102–103}^[a]		1981^[6]		1991^[6]		2001^[6]		2011^[6]		2022^[1]
Religion	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Islam	515,846	85.65%	1,056,203	94.28%	1,250,433	95.28%	1,431,870	96.11%	1,669,495	96.55%	1,875,790	96.79%
Hinduism	86,400	14.34%	63,690	5.69%	61,196	4.66%	57,682	3.87%	59,417	3.44%	61,846	3.19%
Others^[b]	60	0.01%	367	0.03%	708	0.06%	349	0.02%	276	0.01%	312	0.02%
Total population	602,306	100%	1,120,260	100%	1,312,337	100%	1,489,901	100%	1,729,188	100%	1,937,948	100%

As of the 2011 census, 96.55% of the population were Muslims and 3.44% were Hindus. The Hindu population decreased slightly from 64,000 in 1981 to 59,000 in 2011,^[6] but increased to 62,000 in 2022.^[1]

Education

Lakshmipur Government College (The highest educational institution for higher studies in the district)
Lakshmipur Adarsha Samad Government High School (Known as District High School of Lakshmipur)

Notable people

Mohammad Mohammadullah, 3rd President of Bangladesh^[8]
Nishat Majumdar, first Bangladeshi woman to climb Mount Everest^[9]
Abdul Matin Chowdhury, 14th vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka^[10]
A. N. M. Momtaz Uddin Choudhury, first vice-chancellor of Islamic University, Bangladesh
Abdul Mannan, MP for Lakshmipur-4
Abul Khair Bhuiyan, former MP for Lakshmipur-2
A.K.M. Shahjahan Kamal, former Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
A. N. M. Shamsul Islam, former MP for Lakshmipur-1
A. S. M. Abdur Rab, politician and founder of the Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD
Chowdhury Khurshid Alam, former MP for Lakshmipur-2
Gholam Sarwar Husseini, politician and former Pir of Dayra Sharif, Shyampur
Hafezzi Huzur, founder of the Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan
Harunur Rashid, former MP for Lakshmipur-2
Husne Ara Shahed, author and writer
Khairul Enam, former MP for Lakshmipur-3
M. A. Awal, former MP for Lakshmipur-1
Mohammad Noman, Jatiya Party politician
Mohammad Shahid Islam, MP for Lakshmipur-2
Mohammad Toaha, activist in the Bengali Language Movement and politician
M. M. Ruhul Amin, 16th Chief Justice of Bangladesh
Muhammad Abdullah, academic
Nazim Uddin Ahmed, former MP for Lakshmipur-1
Selina Parvin, journalist and poet
Shahiduddin Chowdhury Annie, former MP for Lakshmipur-3
S. I. M. Nurunnabi Khan, writer and freedom fighter
Syed Abul Kalam Azad, former treasurer of the University of Dhaka
Tofail Ahmed, folk researcher
Tufail Mohammad, Punjabi military officer and second recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider
Ziaul Haque Zia, former MP for Lakshmipur-1

Notes

^ 1941 figures use Ramganj, Raipur, Lakshmipur and Ramgati thanas of erstwhile Noakhali district. District and thana (now Upazila) borders have shifted slightly since. As Ramganj was divided into Ramganj and Chatkhil upazilas in 1984, current population ratios have been used to estimate the 1941 population of the current Chatkhil upazila and religious distributions inside thanas were assumed to be homogenous.
^ Including Christianity, Buddhism, or not stated