Japanese destroyer Urakaze (1915)

For other ships with the same name, see Japanese destroyer Urakaze.

Urakaze at Wuhan, China, sometime between 1930 and 1933.[1]
History
Japan
NameDestroyer No. 35
Ordered27 December 1912
BuilderYarrow Shipbuilders, Scotstoun, Scotland
Laid down1 October 1913
RenamedUrakaze 12 September 1914
Launched16 February 1915
Completed14 September 1915
Stricken1 July 1936
RenamedDecommissioned Destroyer No. 18 1 April 1940
Fate
  • Sunk 18 July 1945
  • Refloated 1948
  • Either scrapped 27 May–15 August 1948 or refloated 9 September 1948 and subsequently scrapped (see text)
General characteristics ′′s
TypeDestroyer
Displacement
  • 907 long tons (922 t) normal,
  • 1,085 long tons (1,102 t) full load
Length
  • 83.9 m (275 ft 3 in) pp,
  • 87.2 m (286 ft 1 in) overall
Beam8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)
Draught2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Installed power
Propulsion2 shafts; 2 steam turbines
Speed30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement120
Armament

Urakaze[2] (浦風, "Bay Wind")[3] was the lead ship[4] of the Imperial Japanese Navy′s Urakaze-class destroyers. Completed in 1915, she served during World War I, followed by service on the Yangtze in China during the 1920s and 1930s. She was the only unit of her class to enter Japanese service, the Japanese having sold her only sister ship, Kawakaze, to Italy while Kawakaze was under construction. Urakaze also was the last Japanese destroyer built in a foreign shipyard to enter service in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Stricken in 1936, she thereafter was used for training until she was sunk during World War II in an Allied air raid in 1945. She was refloated and scrapped in 1948.

Construction and commissioning

The Government of Japan authorized the construction of Urakaze in its fiscal year 1911 budget[5] and signed a construction contract with the British firm Yarrow Shipbuilders on 27 December 1912.[6] She was laid down at Yarrow's shipyard in Scotstoun, Scotland, on 1 October 1913 as Destroyer No. 35,[6][7][8] received the name Urakaze on 12 September 1914,[7] and was registered as a first-class destroyer on 6 December 1914.[2] She was launched on 16 February 1915[6][9] and completed on 14 September 1915.[6] Her guns were shipped from Japan and installed at the Yarrow yard and the Japanese negotiated the purchase of ammunition for them from the British firm Armstrong Whitworth, but she was completed without her torpedo tubes.[10]

Service history

Urakaze left the Yarrow shipyard's mooring pond on 15 September 1915 and moored at Greenock, Scotland, the same day.[11] There she filled her fuel tanks with 248 tons of fuel oil and took aboard 50 tons of canned goods, which were loaded on her upper deck.[12]

Delivery voyage

Urakaze began her delivery voyage to Japan on the afternoon of 16 September 1915, departing Greenock bound for Gibraltar, with an itinerary calling for her to make calls at ports in the British Empire along the way.[13] With World War I raging and Japan an active belligerent on the Allied side, she maintained a speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) to reduce the danger of attack by Imperial German Navy submarines.[14] She arrived at Gibraltar on the afternoon of 19 September 1915 and refueled.[15]

Urakaze′s fuel consumption was lower than expected, and even after she had left the German submarine threat behind her she maintained 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) — with occasional exceptions — throughout her voyage to Japan as an experiment in the range and endurance of oil-fired ships, refueling as necessary along the way.[16] She resumed her voyage on 21 September 1915, departing Gibraltar to cross the Mediterranean Sea and calling at Valletta, Malta, from 23 to 24 September before arriving at Port Said, Egypt, on 26 September.[17][18] She immediately entered the Suez Canal, completing her transit of the canal with her arrival at Suez Port on 27 September.[19] She departed Suez Port on 29 September and proceeded southward through the Red Sea, calling at Aden on the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula from 1 to 4 October 1915. She then began her crossing of the Indian Ocean.[20] On 7 October she had to drift for about an hour because of a clogged oil filter, but she soon got back underway and arrived at Bombay, India, later that day.[21]

Urakaze departed Bombay on 11 October 1915[22] and called briefly at Colombo, Ceylon, on 13 October, and at Singapore from 17 to 18 October.[23] She then set out across the South China Sea, conducting fuel consumption tests along the way.[24] She encountered strong winds on 22 October and rolled 30 degrees, causing her aft mast to collapse.[25] She arrived at Hong Kong later that day and made emergency repairs to her mast[25] before departing on 23 October for the last leg of her voyage.[26] She completed it on 27 October 1915 with her arrival at Yokosuka, Japan,[27] which became her home port.[28]

At Yokosuka, Urakaze′s torpedo tubes were installed and additional work was carried out, temporarily interrupted by a naval review on 4 November 1915.[29]

World War I

On 1 December 1915, Urakaze was assigned to the 16th Destroyer Squadron, a component of the 2nd Torpedo Squadron in the 1st Fleet, an element of the Combined Fleet.[30] The squadron also included the destroyers Umikaze and Yamakaze.[30][31] On 13 December 1915, the Combined Fleet was dissolved, and on that date the 16th Destroyer Squadron was transferred to the 2nd Torpedo Squadron in the 2nd Fleet.[31]

On 26 September 1916, the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal was ordered to equip Urakaze with cruise turbines,[32] although this work did not take place until 1918.[33] Meanwhile, the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal carried out other work on Urakaze between 5 December 1916 and 5 June 1917, installing a new engine room ventilation system and other equipment.[34] During this work, Urakaze left the 16th Destroyer Squadron on 1 April 1917.[30]

The Yokosuka Naval Arsenal finally installed Urakaze′s new cruise turbines in 1918.[33] In February 1919, just after the end of World War I, a new cruise turbine test run report was submitted.[35]

Post-World War I

On 1 December 1926, Urakaze was assigned to the 1st Expeditionary Fleet, which was responsible for operations in China,[36] and was engaged in patrolling the Yangtze area of China.[37] On 20 May 1933, the 3rd Fleet was organized as a permanent fleet, and Urakaze became a unit of the 3rd Fleet's 11th Squadron.

On 25 May 1936, Urakaze returned to her home port of Yokosuka for the first time in about a year, after her last tour patrolling the Yangtze.[38] She was stricken from the naval register on 1 July 1936,[37] and on the same day she was handed over to the Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Force,[39] which used her as a training ship.[37] On 1 April 1940, she was renamed Decommissioned Destroyer No. 18, freeing up her former name for use by the new destroyer Urakaze, commissioned later that year.

Decommissioned Destroyer No. 18 was sunk when a bomb hit her during the United States Navy and Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm air raid on Yokosuka on 18 July 1945, during the final weeks of the Pacific campaign of World War II.[37] Sources agree that her wreck was refloated in 1948 and subsequently scrapped, but disagree on details: According to one source, she was scrapped at Uraga between 27 May and 15 August 1948,[40] while another claims that she was refloated on 9 September 1948 and subsequently scrapped by Shinto Iron Works.[37]

References

  1. ^ #艦艇写真集2005駆逐艦 (Ship Photo Collection 2005 Destroyer), p. 11 (in Japanese).
  2. ^ a b #海軍制度沿革8(1971) p.75『大正三年十二月六日(達一八〇) 艦艇類別等級別表中戦艦ノ部「扶桑」ノ次ニ「、山城、伊勢、日向」ヲ、巡洋戦艦ノ部「金剛」ノ次ニ「、榛名、霧島」ヲ、驅逐艦ノ部「山風」ノ次ニ「、浦風、江風」ヲ、「橘」ノ次ニ「、樺、桂、榊、楓、梅、楠、柏、松、桐、杉」ヲ加フ』("Navy System History 8 (1971) p . 75 December 6, 1913 (Tatsu 180) Table of classification and classification of ships, battleships Fuso, Yamashiro, Ise, Hyuga, battlecruisers Kongo, Haruna, Kirishima, destroyers Yamakaze, Urakaze, Ekaze, Tachibana, Kaba, Katsura, Sakaki, Kaede, Ume, Kusunoki, Kashiwa, Matsu, Kiri, Sugi.") (in Japanese).
  3. ^ #日本海軍艦船名考 p. 202 ("Japanese Navy Ship Name Review") (in Japanese).
  4. ^ #日本駆逐艦史2012 ("Japanese Destroyer History 2012") p. 48 (in Japanese)
  5. ^ Howarth.
  6. ^ a b c d #海軍制度沿革11-2(1972) pp.1068-1069、昭和3年2月14日(内令43)、艦船要目公表範囲 ("Naval System History 11-2 (1972) pp .1068-1069, February 14, 1938 (Civil Order 43), scope of publication of ship details.) (in Japanese).
  7. ^ a b #海軍制度沿革8(1971)p.327『大正三年九月十二日(達一三七) 軍備補充費ヲ以テ英國耶社ニ於テ製造中ノ第三十五號第三十六號驅逐艦ニ左ノ通命名ス 第三十五號驅逐艦 浦風ウラカセ 第三十六號驅逐艦 江風カワカセ』("Navy System History 8 (1971) p . 327 ``September 12, 1913 (Tas. 137) 35th issue of the manufacturing process at the British company due to armament replenishment costs Name of the 36th Destroyer Sanodori; Destroyer No. 35 Urakaze; Destroyer No. 36 Kawakaze) (in Japanese)
  8. ^ #日本駆逐艦物語 ("Japanese Destroyer Story") p. 284 (in Japanese).
  9. ^ #T7公文備考20/駆逐艦浦風、江風、製造(1)画像33『大正四年二月十六日倫敦局發(中略)二月十六日午後一時五十分浦風進水式滞ナク済ム右報告ス (了) T7 Kumon Note 20/Destroyer Urakaze, Ekaze, Manufacture (1) Image 33 “February 16, Taisho 4 Rondon Bureau (omitted) February 16th, 1:50 p.m. Urakaze The launch ceremony has been completed and the report has been completed) (in Japanese)
  10. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1)画像42 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Image 42") (in Japanese).
  11. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1) 画像46-47 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Images 46-47") (in Japanese).
  12. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1) 画像43,47 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Image 43,47") (in Japanese).
  13. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1) 画像47-48 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Images 47-48") (in Japanese).
  14. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1) 画像45 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Image 45") (in Japanese).
  15. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1) 画像48-49 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Images 48-49") (in Japanese).
  16. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(1) 画像44-46 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (1) Images 44-46") (in Japanese)
  17. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像1 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo article (2) Image 1") (in Japanese).
  18. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2)画像4 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo article (2) Image 4") (in Japanese)
  19. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像5 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo article (2) Image 5") (in Japanese).
  20. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像6-7 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo article (2) Image 6-7") (in Japanese).
  21. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像10 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 10") (in Japanese).
  22. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像14 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 14") (in Japanese).
  23. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2)画像15 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 15") (in Japanese).
  24. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像16 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 16") (in Japanese)
  25. ^ a b #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像17 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 17") (in Japanese).
  26. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像18 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/ Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 18") (in Japanese).
  27. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像19 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 19") (in Japanese).
  28. ^ #戦史叢書31海軍軍戦備1付表第一その二「大正九年三月調艦艇要目等一覧表 その二 駆逐艦」("War History Series 31 Naval Warfare 1 Appendix 1 Part 2 'March 1919 List of Ship Summary Part 2 Destroyers'") (in Japanese).
  29. ^ #T4公文備考58/浦風回航記事(2) 画像19-20 ("T4 Kumon Note 58/Urakaze Kaigo Article (2) Image 19-20") (in Japanese).
  30. ^ a b c #海軍制度沿革4-1(1971) ("Naval System History 4-1 (1971)"), pp. 73-75 (in Japanese).
  31. ^ a b #海軍制度沿革4-1(1971) ("Naval System History 4-1 (1971)") pp. 25-27 (in Japanese).
  32. ^ #T5公文備考26/装備、備付 画像37-38、官房第2895号、1916年(大正5年)9月26日『横鎮長官宛 驅逐艦浦風ヘ巡航「タルビン」装備の件(以下略)』 ("T5 Kumon Note 26/Equipment, attached images 37-38, Secretariat No. 2895, September 26, 1916 (Taisho 5), 'To Director Yokochin, matter of equipping the cruising Talvin to the destroyer Urakaze (hereinafter omitted) )'") (in Japanese).
  33. ^ a b #日本駆逐艦史2012 ("Japanese destroyer history 2012") p. 49 (in Japanese).
  34. ^ #横須賀海軍工廠史(2)1983 ("Yokosuka Naval Arsenal History (2) 1983"), p. 454 (in Japanese).
  35. ^ #T8公文備考20/試験(1) 画像19 ("T8 Kumon Note 20/Exam (1) Image 19") (in Japanese).
  36. ^ #海軍制度沿革4-1(1971) ("Naval System History 4-1 (1971)") pp.42-43 (in Japanese).
  37. ^ a b c d e 中川努「主要艦艇艦歴表」#日本海軍全艦艇史資料篇 ("Sutomu Nakagawa 'Main Ship History Table' #Japanese Navy All Ships History Materials Edition"), p. 12 (in Japanese).
  38. ^ 帝海ニュース「驅逐艦浦風母港に歸る」『帝國海軍』第二十二卷 第七號（帝國海軍社、昭和11年7月1日発行）("Teikai News 'The Destroyer Urakaze Returns to Home Port,' Imperial Navy, Volume 22, No. 7 (Teikoku Kaisha, published 1 July 1939"), p. 59 (in Japanese).
  39. ^ #S11公文備考F8/除籍艦船廃艦処分に関する件画像2『浦風機密第七〇號 昭和十一年七月一日 浦風駆逐艦長 海軍大臣殿 舊駆逐艦引渡ノ件報告 本艦五月十四日附軍務一機密第一七二號ニ依リ本日横須賀海兵團長ニ引渡候』("S11 Kumon Notes F8/ Image 2: Confidential Urakaze No. 70, July 1, 1930 Minister of the Navy, Captain's report on the handover of the Destroyer Urakaze, May 10, 1930, to the commander of the Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Force, Military Service 1-Secret No. 172" (in Japanese).
  40. ^ #終戦と帝国艦艇2011資料2、運輸省海運総局掃海管船部管船課『日本海軍終戦時残存(内地)艦艇処分状況』(1948年3月20日現在) ("The End of the War and Imperial Ships 2011 Material 2, Ministry of Transport, Maritime Directorate General Bureau, Minesweeper Division, Vessel Management Division, 'Disposal Status of Japanese Navy Remaining (inland) Vessels at the End of the War' (as of March 20, 1948)") p. 27 (in Japanese).

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    • 各国へ軍艦建造並二購入方交渉雑件／英国 第三巻/5.駆逐艦江風浦風. Ref.B07090362200.（日本国外務省外交史料館）("Miscellaneous matters related to warship construction and purchase negotiations for various countries/Britain Volume 3/5. Destroyer Efuura Kaze". Ref.B07090362200. Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Diplomatic Archives (in Japanese))
    • 大正3年 公文備考 巻15 艦船1/ヤロー内火式駆逐艦関係(3). Ref.C08020401900. ("Taisho 3 Kumon Notes Volume 15 Ships 1/Yarrow Internal Fire Destroyer Related (3)". Ref.C08020401900 (in Japanese)).
    • 大正4年 公文備考 巻44 艦船4/試験(1). Ref.C08020603800. ("Taisho 4 Kumon Notes Volume 44 Ship 4/Examination (1)". Ref.C08020603800 (in Japanese),
    • 大正4年 公文備考 巻58 艦船18/浦風回航記事(1). Ref.C08020627700. ("Taisho 4 Kumon Notes Volume 58 Ship 18/Urakaze Sailing Article (1)". Ref.C08020627700 (in Japanese)).
    • 大正4年 公文備考 巻58 艦船18/浦風回航記事(2). Ref.C08020627800. ("Taisho 4 Kumon Notes Volume 58 Ship 18/Urakaze Sailing Article (2)". Ref.C08020627800 (in Japanese))
    • 大正5年 公文備考 巻26 艦船3/装備、備付. Ref.C08020764400. ("Taisho 5 Kumon Notes Volume 26 Ships 3/Equipment, Supplies". Ref.C08020764400 (in Japanese)).
    • 大正7年 公文備考 巻20 艦船1/駆逐艦浦風、江風、製造(1). Ref.C08021104400. ("Taisho 7 Kumon Notes Volume 20 Ship 1/Destroyer Urakaze, Ekaze, Manufacture (1)". Ref.C08021104400 (in Japanese)).
    • 大正7年 公文備考 巻22 艦船3/付属換(2). Ref.C08021107300. ("Taisho 7 Kumon Notes Volume 22 Ship 3/Attachment Replacement (2)". Ref.C08021107300 (in Japanese)).
    • 大正8年 公文備考 巻20 艦船3/試験(1). Ref.C08021314300. (“Taisho 8 Kumon Notes Volume 20 Ship 3/Examination (1)”. Ref.C08021314300 (in Japanese)).
    • 公文備考 昭和11年 F 艦船 巻8/佐鎮第21号 11.5.28 除籍艦船廃艦処分に関する件. Ref.C05034964300. ("Kubun Notes 1933 F Ships Volume 8/Sachin No. 21 11.5.28 Matters regarding the scrapping of deregistered ships." Ref.C05034964300 (in Japanese)).
    • 昭和14年 達 完/11月. Ref.C12070106100. (Showa 14 Completed/November. Ref.C12070106100 (in Japanese)).

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