Japan Cooperative Party (1945–46)

Japan Cooperative Party 日本協同党 Nihon Kyōdōtō
Chairperson	Yamamoto Sanehiko [ja]
Founded	18 December 1945[1][2][3]
Dissolved	24 May 1946[2]
Merged into	Cooperative Democratic Party[2][4]
Headquarters	Tokyo
Ideology	Cooperative socialism[2] Conservatism[3][4] Co-operatism[3][4][5]
Political position	Centre[2]
Politics of Japan Political parties Elections

The Japan Cooperative Party (Japanese: 日本協同党, Nihon Kyōdōtō) was a political party in Japan.

History

On 18 December 1945,^[1] the party was established by the center of the former Sangyō Kumiai (lit. 'Industrial Association') such as cooperatist Sengoku Kotaro [ja] and dairy farmer Kurosawa Torizo [ja].^[3][5] It initially had around 20 members,^[1] and journalist Yamamoto Sanehiko [ja] was assumed chairperson of the party.^[2][4][6] On 4 January 1946, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) published a memorandum pertaining to the Purge (from public office) based on the Potsdam Declaration and an order from the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC).^[7] Only two of the party's 23 legislative members were able to escape the Purge.^[8] It won 14 seats in the April 1946 elections.^[9] On the other hand, the dominant Liberal Party could not win an absolute majority, so the Shidehara Cabinet did not resign and began maneuvering to cling to power.^[10] In response, the party supported a movement for the campaign to oust the cabinet advocated by the Socialist Party, and formed a four-party joint committee of the Japan Cooperative Party, the Socialist Party, the Liberal Party, and the Communist Party.^[11] The four-party joint committee started negotiations for a coalition government after defeating the cabinet, but the idea eventually failed due to disagreements within the subcommittee.^[12] In May, it merged with several smaller parties to form the Cooperative Democratic Club, later renamed the Cooperative Democratic Party.^[13]

Policies

After World War II, several new parties emerged in pursuit of co-operatism as a modification of capitalism, the Japan Cooperative Party was its origin.^[3] The party advocated cooperative socialism, co-operatism and Kōtō Goji (lit. 'defend and maintain of the imperial lineage') in its platform.^[2][3] In its policy outline, it described co-operatism as "stabilize the lives of the people through mutual aid between cities and farming / fishing villages centred on cooperatives, and establish and encourage a production system that integrates agriculture, manufacturing and commerce."^[3] In addition, it advocated defeat the monopoly capital and every feudalistic element, and aimed at centrism (i.e. stand between capitalism and socialism).^[2] The party's mainly base was urban manufacturers and merchants, landlords, wealthy peasants, and small- to medium-sized manufacturers and merchants.^[2][4]

Election results

House of Representatives

Election	Leader	Votes	%	Seats	Position	Status
1946	Sanehiko Yamamoto	1,799,764	3.25	14 / 468	5th	Opposition
Source: [9]

References

1. Fukui 1985, p. 514.
2. Yoshida, Kenji. 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)の解説 [The Nihon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Encyclopedia Nipponica 's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
3. 世界大百科事典 第2版の解説 [The Heibonsha World Encyclopedia (2nd ed.) 's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
4. ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典の解説 [The Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia 's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
5. Kanda 1983, p. 87.
6. 山本実彦とは § ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典の解説 [What is Yamamoto Sanehiko? § The Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia 's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
7. Kanda 1983, pp. 123–124.
8. Kanda 1983, p. 125.
9. Kanda 1983, p. 149.
10. Kanda 1983, p. 150.
11. Kanda 1983, pp. 150–151.
12. Kanda 1983, pp. 151–152.
13. Fukui 1985, p. 475.

Further reading

• Kanda, Fuhito (1983). Senryō to minshu shugi. Showa no Rekishi (in Japanese). Vol. 8. Tokyo: Shogakukan. ISBN 4-09-376008-X.
• Fukui, Haruhiro (1985). Political parties of Asia and the Pacific. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 031321350X.