The International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) is a proscribed organisation that aims to establish an independent homeland for the Sikhs called Khalistan.[1] It is banned as a terrorist organisation under Australian, Japanese,[2]Indian,[3]Canadian[4] and American[5]counter-terrorism legislation.[6] The Government of India has declared it a terrorist organisation.[7] While banned, the organization continues to receive financial support from many Sikh people based in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.[8]
Origin
International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) was formed on 23 September 1984 in Walsall, UK after the Operation Blue Star conducted by the Indian Military. It was founded by Jasbir Singh Rode, the nephew of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Its first conference was held in Walsall, UK.[9]
The 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182 off Ireland, the deadliest aircraft terror attack until the September 11, 2001 attacks, and the attempted bombing of Air India Flight 301, were allegedly carried out by Sikh extremists.
Inderjit Singh Reyat, a dual British-Canadian citizen and member of the ISYF, was found guilty of manslaughter for making the bombs and had to spend more than 20 years imprisoned in Canada, and is the only individual convicted in these attacks as of 9 Feb 2009.[11][12][13]
ISYF members have engaged in terrorist attacks, assassinations, and bombings against both Indian figures and moderate Sikhs opposing them.[10] The organisation has also collaborated and associated with other Sikh militant organisations, including Babbar Khalsa,[4] the Khalistan Liberation Force,[10] and Khalistan Commando Force.[10]
Lord Bassam of Brighton, then Home Office minister, stated that ISYF members working from the UK had committed "assassinations, bombings and kidnappings" and were a "threat to national security."[11] In 2001 it was proscribed as a terrorist organisation by the British government for its attacks.[14]
ISYF head Lakhbir Singh Rode was accused by a chargesheet for a bomb blast in a Ludhiana Court on December 23, 2021. It resulted in 1 death and 6 injuries.[15][16]
Some of the ISYF members who are wanted in India and absconding, have been operating out of Canada as well. One of the members, Sandeep Singh Sidhu, was involved in the assassination of an ex-Indian law enforcer in Punjab'sTarn Taran district in October 2020. It was later discovered that Sidhu was employed with Canada Border Service Agency (CBSA). [17][18]
Leadership
Jasbir Singh Rode was the nephew of Bhindranwale and member of fundamentalist Sikh organisation Damdami Taksal. After Operation Bluestar while in Pakistan Rode used the Sikh shrines at Pakistan to make anti-India speeches and provoked the audience to attack the Indian diplomats who were present.[19] Rode then arrived in the United Kingdom in August 1984.
On 23 September 1984 the formation of International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) was announced by Harpal Singh and Jasbir Singh Rode.[20] The group had a 51-member panel headed by Pargat Singh.[21] But, by December 1984, Rode was expelled from the UK for publicly advocating violent methods in support of the Khalistan movement.[22]
Rode was arrested by Indian authorities in Manila while seeking asylum in a chase spanning Thailand and the Philippines. He was imprisoned for two years in India.[19] Upon his release, he moderated, now advocating pursuing constitutional changes within Indian framework.[22] This mode disappointed many of his followers and created a rift in the UK branches roughly along north/south lines: the northern branches known as ISYF (Rode) followed Rode's moderate stance while the southern branches instead followed Dr. Sohan Singh.[22]
The former leader of ISYF, Lakhbir Singh Rode, was sought for trial in India. He was wanted in cases of arms smuggling, conspiracy to attack government leaders in New Delhi, and spreading religious hatred in Punjab. As per Indian sources, he resided in Lahore, Pakistan after he had escaped to Pakistan due to his association with illegal activities in India while his family settled in Canada. He died of a heart attack in December 2023 in Pakistan's Lahore.[23][24][25]
In February 2001, the United Kingdom banned twenty-one groups, including the ISYF, under the Terrorism Act 2000.[27][21] The
ISYF was removed from the list of proscribed groups in March 2016 "following receipt of an application to deproscribe the organisation".[28]
In a separate legal challenge by the leadership of the Sikh Federation (UK), including Bhai Amrik Singh, the Home Secretary confirmed on 14 December 2015 that she would be recommending to Parliament that the ban on the International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) should be removed (this was removed in March 2016).[29]
In June 2003, Canada banned the organisation.[4][10] The Vancouver Sun reported in February 2008 that Singhs were campaigning to have both the Babbar Khalsa and International Sikh Youth Federation delisted as terrorist organisations.
The article went on to state that the Public Safety Minister had never been approached by anyone lobbying to delist the banned groups and said, "the decision to list organisations such as Babbar Khalsa, Babbar Khalsa International and the International Sikh Youth Federation as terrorist entities under the Criminal Code is intended to protect Canada and Canadians from terrorism".[30]
United States
The ISYF was added to the US Treasury Department terrorism list on June 27, 2002.[5]
In April 2004, the United States added four organisations, including the ISYF, to its terror list, allowing the US to deny entry (and to deport) any of its members.[5][6]
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