Hungarian nationalism

Flag of Hungary

Hungarian Parliament Building.

Hungarian nationalism (Hungarian: magyar nacionalizmus) developed in the late 18th century^[1][2] and early 19th century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation.^[3][4] In the 1790s, Hungarian nobles pushed for the adoption of Hungarian as the official language rather than Latin.^[1][2]

Parties

Current

• Fidesz^[5][6][7]
• Jobbik^[8] (2003–2020)
• Our Homeland Movement^[9] (2018–present)

Former (After 1989: End of communism in Hungary)

• People of the Orient Party – Christian Democrats^[10] (1989–1998)
• Party of the Hungarian Interest^[11] (1993–2005)
• Hungarian Justice and Life Party^[12] (1993–2021) (merged with Our Homeland Movement^[13])

Former (Before 1945)

• Unity Party (1922–1944)
• Hungarian National Independence Party (1923–1928)
• Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party^[14][15] (1932–1945)
• Arrow Cross Party^[16] (1935–1945)
• Christian National Socialist Front^[17] (1937–1940)
• United Hungarian National Socialist Party^[18] (1936–1940)
• National Front^[17] (1936–1939)

Movements

• Magyar Gárda (2007–2009), see also Magyar Nemzeti Gárda
• Force and Determination^[19] (2017–present)
• Sixty-Four Counties Youth Movement^[20] (2001–present)
• Pax Hungarica Movement^[21][22] (2008–2017)
• Hungarian National Defence Association or "Véderő"^[23] (2007–2011)
• Hungarian National Front^[24][25] (1989–2016)
• Civil Guard Association for a Better Future^[26] (2011–2014)^[27]
• Magyar Önvédelmi Mozgalom^[27] (2014–present)
• Magyar Nemzeti Gárda^[28] (2010–present)
• Betyársereg^[29]
• Legio Hungaria^[30]

See also

• Doctrine of the Holy Crown
• Hungarian irredentism
• Hungarian Revolution of 1848
• Hungarian Turanism
• Magyarization
• National symbols of Hungary
• National conservatism
• Right-wing populism
• Trianon Syndrome
• Magyar Sziget

References

1. Almási, Gábor; Šubarić, Lav (2022). "The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth-century Hungary (Part 1)". Nations and Nationalism. 28 (3): 894–908. doi:10.1111/nana.12827. ISSN 1354-5078. S2CID 248717936.
2. Almási, Gábor; Šubarić, Lav (2022). "The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth-century Hungary (Part 2)". Nations and Nationalism. 28 (4): 1326–1339. doi:10.1111/nana.12826. ISSN 1354-5078. S2CID 248709263.
3. Hoolihan, Mark James (2007). Mark James Hoolihan, p. 17, 2007. Michigan State University. Department of History. ISBN 9780549238607.
4. Colquhoun, A. R., & Colquhoun, E. M. C. (1914). The whirlpool of Europe, Austria-Hungary and the Habsburgs. New York: Dodd, Mead.
5. Ilikova, Lilia; Tushev, Andrey (2020). "Right-Wing Populism in Central Europe: Hungarian Case (Fidesz, Jobbik)". redalyc.org. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
6. Palonen, Emilia (25 July 2018). "Performing the nation: the Janus-faced populist foundations of illiberalism in Hungary". Journal of Contemporary European Studies. 26 (3): 308–321. doi:10.1080/14782804.2018.1498776. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
7. "Europe and right-wing nationalism: A country-by-country guide". BBC News. 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
8. "ECHR upholds ban on Hungarian far-right group". Euronews.com. euronews. 9 July 2013.
9. Haines, John R. (10 July 2018). "/A New Political Movement Emerges on Hungary's Far Right". Fpri.org. FPRI.
10. Vida, István (2011). "Kelet Népe Párt, Kereszténydemokraták (KNP–KD)". Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] (in Hungarian). Gondolat Kiadó. pp. 365–366. ISBN 978-963-693-276-3.
11. Vida, István (2011). "A Magyar Érdek Pártja (AMÉP)". Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] (in Hungarian). Gondolat Kiadó. p. 334. ISBN 978-963-693-276-3.
12. The Hungarian Patient: Social Opposition to an Illiberal Democracy Hardcover – July 2, 2015 by Peter Krasztev (Author, Editor), Jon Van Til (Editor), p. 134. [1]
13. "Kuruc.info - Megszűnt a MIÉP, felszámolási eljárásban az FKGP - vezetőik a Mi Hazánk jelöltjei lettek".
14. Sipos, Péter (1979). "Nyilasmozgalmak,1931–1944". História. 1 (04): 44.
15. "Hungarian nationalism" (PDF). Oszk.hu. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
16. "Hungarian Nazis (Arrowcross Party)". Terrorhaza.hu.
17. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p911 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
18. Paksy Zoltán - A nemzetiszocialista mozgalmak megszerveződése, párt- és regionális struktúrája Magyarországon az 1930-as években, Múltunk 2003/3 p. 202-237.- (Zoltán Paksy - The organization, party and regional structure of the national socialist movements in Hungary in the 1930s) [2]
19. "Hungarian far right launches new political party". The Guardian. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
20. "Hungarian far-right figure attacked in Serbia". politics.hu. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
21. "Elfogytak a tagok: megszűnik a Pax Hungarica Mozgalom" (in Hungarian). Mandiner. 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-08-09.
22. Mareš, Miroslav; Laryš, Martin; Holzer, Jan (October 25, 2018). Militant Right-Wing Extremism in Putin's Russia: Legacies, Forms and Threats. Routledge. ISBN 9780429953620 – via Google Books.
23. "Jobbik deputy chairman slams Véderő head; party seen favoring crackdown on controversial civil guard group". politics.hu. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
24. Szemán, László János (8 December 2017). "Felszámolták a szélsőséges hungarista szervezetet". Magyar Idők (in Hungarian). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
25. Kovács, Zsóka (12 March 2018). "Prosecutor's office presses charges against Hungarian National Front". dailynewshungary.com. Dailynews Hungary.
26. "Hungarian Government Urged To Protect Roma From Harassment and Intimidation". Human Rights First. 2011-03-18. Archived from the original on 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
27. "Más néven alakult újjá a feloszlatott Szebb Jövőért". hvg.hu (in Hungarian). 2014-10-18. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
28. 4News
29. 4News
30. rcc.int

Further reading

• Maxwell, Alexander (2005). "Multiple Nationalism: National Concepts in Nineteenth-Century Hungary and Benedict Anderson's "Imagined Communities". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3. 11 (3): 385–414. doi:10.1080/13537110500255619. S2CID 144921927.

External links

• Nationalism in Hungary, 1848-1867, Steven W. Sowards, Michigan State University