History of Oregon State University

Benton Hall circa 1889

Oregon State University was founded as a small secondary and college preparatory school in the center of Oregon's Willamette Valley in 1856. The early school later served briefly as the first public college in the American Northwest - known then as the Oregon Territory. Shortly after Oregon was established, state leaders secured federal funding from the Morrill Land-Grant Acts to support the school, making it Oregon's designated agricultural college. Since its inception, Oregon's first public college has seen over 20 presidents and transformed from a single building to a 577 acres (2.34 km²) campus with over 36,000 students (2023).

Corvallis College

Corvallis College in 1876

In 1856, a school building was constructed in one of the Northwest's early pioneer settlements, known as Corvallis, Oregon.^[1] The structure would serve as home to a public academy until 1858.^[1] Initially named Corvallis Academy, the school served as the area's first public school for primary and college preparatory education. The local chapter of the Freemasons played a central role in developing the school's campus blueprint. Later the Freemasons initiated construction of what would become Oregon's first public college with the original donation of land.^{[2][3][4] [5][6]}

The school's first administrator and teacher was John Wesley Johnson, a famous figure in Oregon higher education. Within the first decade of operation, the school began to offer college-level coursework and ownership was transferred to the Methodist Episcopal Church.^[1] In 1865, William A. Finley was named as the school's first president and the school began offering a bachelor's degree.^[1]

State school

Corvallis College was designated Oregon's agricultural college in 1868 and incorporated by the church the same year.^[1] In 1873, the school became the first West Coast school to offer a course in agriculture.^[1] The two-year program was approved by the Oregon Legislative Assembly.^[1] The college was always a recognized public school, but became a completely state-run school in 1885.^[1] In 1889, the original Corvallis College building was torn down.^[1] In 1888 the college informally became known as Oregon Agricultural College (OAC), a name not made official until 1907.^[7]

Three women in a dormitory room in Waldo Hall c. 1905

By 1934, Mary J. L. McDonald made donations that allowed for the purchase of the land that comprises the McDonald Forest owned by the school, which also includes Peavy Arboretum.^[8]

Oregon State

Weatherford Hall built in 1928. The building is named after James K. Weatherford, longtime head of the university's Board of Regents.

The school's growing diversity in degrees led to another name change in 1937, when the college became Oregon State College.

Naval ROTC, and the program of Naval Sciences, were added to the existing Army ROTC program in 1946. The Air Force ROTC program was included in 1949, making Oregon State one of only 33 universities in the country to offer officer training for all branches of the United States Armed Forces.

Although OSU's academics mainly focused on agriculture, engineering and business through the 1960s; liberal arts remained an important part of the curriculum throughout its history. In fact, one of the more famous novelists of the 20th century taught English composition in 1940s and 50s. Bernard Malamud used his experiences as a professor at OSU for the basis of his novel A New Life. He was also awarded the 1967 Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Fixer, named after a store in downtown Corvallis. Malamud's most famous book, The Natural, was said to have been greatly influenced by OSU's first appearance in the college world series playoffs in 1952.

Linus Pauling, Class of 1922, became Oregon State's first Nobel Laureate alumnus in 1954 when he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work elucidating the nature of the atomic bonds. In 1962, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing. He joined Marie Curie as the only person to win two different Nobels. Curie's physics prize was shared with her husband, Pierre Curie. Both of Pauling's prizes were unshared. The university's current title, Oregon State University, was adopted on March 6, 1961 by a legislative act signed into law by Governor Mark Hatfield. A new library, the William Jasper Kerr Library, opened in 1963.^[9] That building was expanded twice, and after the latest expansion nearly doubled the size that ended in 1999, the library was renamed as The Valley Library.^[10]

School presidents

The position of President was created in 1865. From 1868 to 1929 the president reported to the institution's own Board of Trustees/Regents. Since the creation of the Oregon University System (OUS), the president has reported to the OUS chancellor.

List of presidents:

1. William A. Finley (1865–1872)
2. Joseph Emery (1872, acting)
3. Benjamin L. Arnold (1872–1892)
4. John D. Letcher (1892, acting)
5. John M. Bloss (1892–1896)
6. H. B. Miller (1896–1897)
7. Thomas M. Gatch (1897–1907)
8. William Jasper Kerr (1907–1932)
9. George Wilcox Peavy (1932–1934, acting) (1934–1940)
10. Frank Llewellyn Ballard (1940–1941)
11. Francois Archibald Gilfillan (1941–1942, acting)
12. August Leroy Strand (1942–1961)
13. James Herbert Jensen (1961–1969)
14. Roy Alton Young (1969–1970, acting)
15. Robert William MacVicar (1970–1984)
16. John V. Byrne (1984–1995)
17. Paul G. Risser (1996–2002)
18. Timothy P. White (2003, acting)
19. Edward John Ray (2003–2020)
20. F. King Alexander (2020-2021)
21. Rebecca Johnson (2021-2022)
22. Jayathi Murthy (2022-present)

See also

• Oregon State Beavers

References

1. Horner, John B. (1919). Oregon: Her History, Her Great Men, Her Literature. The J.K. Gill Co.: Portland. p. 164-5
2. "Evaluation; Significant Individuals; City of Corvallis". Archived from the original on 2007-08-27. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
3. "Corvallis Freemasons History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
4. "The Birth of Corvallis College; OSU Alumni Assoc". Retrieved 2006-11-08.
5. "Fraternal orders shaped Corvallis; Gazette Times; By Ken Munford; May 25, 2007". Retrieved 2006-11-08.
6. "Town, university have symbiotic relationship; Gazette Times; By Ken Munford; August 10, 2007". Retrieved 2006-11-08.
7. Edmonston, George. "The Birth of OSU Football". OSU Alumni Association. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
8. "Oregon State Gets Rare Lincoln Set". The Oregonian. February 11, 1934. p. 38.
9. Edmonston, Jr., George P. “A Steady Hand” Back in the Day Archived 2008-05-29 at the Wayback Machine. Oregon Stater, Spring 2008. Vol. 93, No. 2. p. 40.
10. Khanna, Roma. "OSU’s new library lets students kick back, plug in", The Oregonian, May 28, 1999.

External links

• Oregon State University Archives
• Oregon History Project: Education, Arts, and Letters: Professionalizing Education
• Oregon Stater: Keeping the Sheriff Away
• Oregon Stater: Echoes of 1907