"Halo" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé for her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008). Included on the I Am... disc, it was intended to give a behind-the-scenes glimpse of Beyoncé's life, stripped of her make-up and celebrity trappings. Columbia Records released the song, the album's fourth single, to mainstream radio in the United States on January 20, 2009, and to international markets from February 20. Inspired by Ray LaMontagne's 2004 song "Shelter", "Halo" was written by Ryan Tedder and Evan Bogart, with the former producing it alongside Beyoncé, who handled the vocal production. It was originally conceived by Tedder and Bogart specifically for Beyoncé, although there was media speculation that it had been intended for Leona Lewis.
"Halo" is a pop and R&Bpower ballad, the lyrics of which describe a sublime love. It features drum, piano, keyboard, string, synthesizer, and percussion instrumentation. The song faced a controversy when Kelly Clarkson claimed that Tedder had reused the musical arrangement in her own 2009 song "Already Gone". "Halo" received positive reviews from music critics, who made comparisons with Lewis's 2007 song "Bleeding Love", also written by Tedder. Its production and Beyoncé's vocals also received critical praise. "Halo" was nominated for Record of the Year and won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. It won Best Song at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards.
"Halo" topped the singles charts of Brazil, Portugal, Norway, and Slovakia, and reached the top five on the singles chart of Australia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It was the most-played song of the 2000s decade on Brazilian radio, despite being released in 2009. The song has received numerous certifications, including a thirteen-times platinum certification from Australia, making it one of the highest-certified songs in the country, a Diamond certification from the US, a ninefold-platinum certification from Canada, a quadruple-platinum certification from the United Kingdom, a triple-platinum certifications from Italy, a triple-gold certification from Germany and a double-platinum award from Spain and Denmark.
Philip Andelman directed the accompanying music video, which features American actor Michael Ealy. It portrays a romantic relationship between Beyoncé's and Ealy's characters. Critics complimented Beyoncé's looks in the clip. An alternative music video, which shows Ealy's character being chased by police officers through a forest at night, was posted on the Internet in May 2010. The lyrics to "Halo" were changed for three of Beyoncé's special live performances: a tribute to Michael Jackson following his death, a tribute to the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and for Kobe and Gianna Bryant's memorial in 2020. The song has been covered by many artists, including Florence and the Machine, Harper Blynn, LP, and Westlife. It was also performed on the television show Glee, and was added to the soundtrack of the Brazilian telenovela Caminho das Índias.
Writing and production
Beyoncé, Bogart, and Tedder (pictured) composed "Halo" in Tedder's music studio in California.
"Halo" was initially composed by Ryan Tedder, lead vocalist of OneRepublic, together with Evan "Kidd" Bogart.[1] In an interview for HitQuarters, Kidd narrated the events that led to writing the song. OneRepublic canceled their tour after Tedder had torn his Achilles tendon and had undergone surgery. The following day, the band sent Tedder to Los Angeles. There, he and Kidd were socializing when Tedder expressed his desire to write a song. At first, Kidd was opposed to the idea because Tedder was supposed to be recuperating, but the pair went to Tedder's studio. During the writing sessions, singer Ray LaMontagne was the primary inspiration for "Halo". Kidd suggested they create a song in the style of LaMontagne's "Shelter" for Beyoncé and her husband Jay-Z, and proposed the title "Halo" after hearing Tedder play "angelic" chords. They wrote the song in three hours.[2][3] In 2009, the original demo performed by Tedder leaked on the Internet.
According to Simon Cowell, owner of the music production company Syco Entertainment, Bogart and Tedder intended "Halo" for his client, singer Leona Lewis, who could not record the song because of her tight schedule.[2] Cowell was upset that Beyoncé chose to record the song.[2] David Balls, editor of the British media website Digital Spy, asked Tedder during an interview whether "Halo" had initially been written for Lewis.[4] Tedder answered that he had only tentatively offered the track to Lewis after Beyoncé waited a long time before recording it.[4] He commented:
There was this huge scandal that originally "Halo" was meant to go to Leona. That was never the case ... That song was written for Beyoncé. What happened was that Beyoncé waited long enough to record that song ... I thought this would be a brilliant first single for Leona, which it would have ... What I did was foolishly say to Leona's camp, "I have it on hold for another A-list artist and I'm pretty sure they'll take it, but if they don't, I just want to know if you like it enough to consider it". I sent it to them and they flipped on it. They loved it and instantly said they wanted to do it. I was like, "Wait, wait, wait, no, it's not free yet!"[4]
Tedder and Beyoncé produced "Halo" in 2008 at Los Angeles' Manfield Studios, and at New York City's Germano and Roc The Mic Studios.[1][5] During the production, Beyoncé edited and composed a new bridge for the song.[6] Tedder did the musical arrangements and played the instruments, while Christian Baker assisted in recording the music. Mark "Spike" Stentmixed the track with assistance from Matt Green, and Jim Caruana recorded Beyoncé's vocals; both these tasks were done at Roc the Mic Studios.[1] "Halo" is present on the I Am... disc of the double albumI Am... Sasha Fierce, as it is a ballad that shows Beyoncé's insecurities about love,[7][8][9] and the person she is "underneath all the makeup, underneath the lights and underneath all the exciting star drama".[10] Beyoncé has said that she loves singing ballads because, "the music and the emotion in the story is told [sic] so much better. It's a better connection because you can hear it and it's not all these other distractions. I really wanted people to hear my voice and hear what I had to say".[7]
A 26-second sample of the third and final pre-chorus and chorus of "Halo", which include R&B undertones, sweepingstrings, and percussive step sounds.[11][12][13] Towards the end, Beyoncé echoes, "Ha-lo, ha-lo, ha-lo", which is similar to the way Rihanna ricochets, "eh eh eh", on the chorus of "Umbrella".[10][14]
In "Halo", Beyoncé professes her all-encompassing fondness to her lover with open-hearted emotion.[13][18][24] She said, "['Halo'] is angelic ... like you see [angels'] faces instantly when you hear it. [Its lyrics] are basically saying that I had these walls built up about love; you completely tore them down and when I look at you I see your halo, it's really beautiful".[25] Backed by a piano, claps and step stomps that set a spiritualized atmosphere,[13][16] Beyoncé opens the song
with the lines: "Remember those walls I built? / Well, baby, they're tumbling down".[18] She sings the introduction in a low register, and the power of her voice gradually increases as the song progresses.[10] In the pre-chorus, she chants, "Everywhere I'm looking now, I'm surrounded by your embrace / baby I can see your halo, you know you're my saving grace / you're everything I need and more, it's written all over your face".[8][17] Beyoncé then echoes the word "halo" in the chorus;[10] the third and final one is preceded by a 1980s drum breakdown, and is complemented by sweeping strings and percussion.[12][26]
Release
"Halo" and "Ego" were initially planned for simultaneous release in the US, following the 2008 dual lead singles "If I Were a Boy" and "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)".[8] But the release of "Ego" was canceled and replaced with "Diva".[27] "Halo" was taken from a different disc of I Am... Sasha Fierce to "Diva"; the intention was to demonstrate the concept that Beyoncé has conflicting personalities—the central theme of the album.[11][28][29] The motif was demonstrated by placing the album's ballads and uptempo tracks on separate discs.[10][29] "Halo" was sent by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records to contemporary hit radio playlists on January 20, 2009,[30] while "Diva" was classified for rhythmic contemporary and urban contemporary radio playlists.[31][32] A digital extended play (EP) containing a radio edit and four remixes of "Halo" was later released on April 14, 2009.[33]
On February 20, 2009, "Halo" was released as a two-track digital download, including a remix of "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" in Australia[34] and New Zealand.[35] In France, it was released as a stand-alone digital download on March 20, 2009.[36] On the same date, "Halo" was serviced digitally alongside the album version of "Diva" in mainland Europe,[37] including Germany,[38] where it was also made available as a CD single on April 3 and a vinyl single on April 12, 2009.[39][40] In the United Kingdom, a digital EP containing the album version and three remixes of "Halo" was released on April 13, 2009.[41][42] The following day, the song was made available on a digital EP, as a maxi single and a vinyl single in Canada.[43][44]
Controversy
Soon after composing "Halo", Tedder worked with Kelly Clarkson on her fourth studio album, All I Ever Wanted (2009), for which they wrote "Already Gone" together.[45] When the song came out, critics noted a resemblance to Beyoncé's "Halo".[46] Clarkson, however, initially stated that she was unaware of any similarities between the two songs.[47] She eventually realized their resemblance when she listened to both recordings closely; the similarities are most notable in the backing tracks, which in both cases feature a melancholy piano, loud drums, and handclaps.[46] Clarkson tried to prevent "Already Gone" from being included on All I Ever Wanted, but it was impossible to make last minute changes, as her album was already being printed when I Am... Sasha Fierce was released.[45] She accused Tedder of using the same arrangement on both "Already Gone" and "Halo", and complained that people would, incorrectly, assume she was stealing it from Beyoncé.[45]
Clarkson was furious, and confronted Tedder on the phone.[45] In response, Tedder commented that he would never give two artists the same musical arrangement, and that her criticism was "hurtful and absurd".[48] He asserted that the concept, melodies, and lyrics of "Already Gone" and "Halo" are completely different.[48] Calling "Already Gone" one of the best songs he had ever composed, Tedder challenged people to "listen [to the two ballads] and form their own opinions".[48] Clarkson also tried to stop her label, RCA, from releasing "Already Gone" as a single because she wanted to respect Beyoncé,[49] but they went against her will and released it.[45] She said, "It's one of those things I have no control over. I already made my album. At this point, the record company can do whatever they want with it."[50] Clarkson later told James Montgomery of MTV News that it was unfortunate "Already Gone" and "Halo" sound so similar, but noted that at least they have different vocal melodies.[47]
"Halo" received universal acclaim. Christian Williams of Billboard magazine wrote that the pop sound of "Halo" should take it to the top of the charts.[11] He added that comparisons could be made to Lewis' "Bleeding Love" (2007), but concluded that "Halo" "hangs high on its own merits".[11] Michael Slezak of Entertainment Weekly described "Halo" as "an absolutely glorious and perfectly produced track", which had the potential to be as commercially successful as "Crazy in Love" (2003) and "Irreplaceable" (2007).[12] Joey Guerra of the Houston Chronicle wrote that it was an immediate standout on I Am... Sasha Fierce.[18] Praising the "big and wide" melodies of "Halo", Matos Michaelangelo of The A.V. Club commented that Beyoncé has "a real flair for grandeur".[51] Jennifer Cady of E! Online wrote that the song could be included on a romantic mixtape,[52] and James Montgomery of MTV News noted that the "tear-jerking power" of "Halo" reveals "sides of Beyoncé we never knew existed".[53] Ryan Dombal of Pitchfork wrote that Beyoncé's vocal delivery was "strident and exposed", reminiscent of Céline Dion's style.[24]
In spite of what he called it a "garden-variety lyrics", James Reed of The Boston Globe wrote that "Halo" was "the most evocative power ballad" recorded by Beyoncé, comparing it to the work done by American record producer and songwriter Phil Spector on his Wall of Sound mixing board.[29] Critics highlighted the similarities of "Halo" to Rihanna's "Umbrella" (2007); Alexis Petridis of The Guardian noted that both have the same "icy synths, drivetime rock dynamic, and a similar repetitive chorus".[21] This view was echoed by Jennifer Vineyard of MTV News[10] and Brent DiCrescenzo of Timeout, who viewed "Halo" as a "Bette Midler–level hymn from ['Umbrella'], lift[ing its] savior theme".[14] Nick Levine of Digital Spy described "Halo" as a "muscular hybrid" of "Umbrella" and Lewis' "Bleeding Love".[54] David Balls of the same website wrote, "Halo' is a contemporary power ballad in the 'Bleeding Love' mould ... Could Lewis have pulled this off better? Well, that's a matter of opinion of course, but Mrs. Jay-Z doesn't leave much room for improvement."[17]
Accolades
"Halo" was nominated for Best Single at the 2009 Urban Music Awards,[55] and for Best Love Song at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards.[56] It won the Best Song award at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2009.[57] The ballad was placed at number seven of Rap-Up's list of the 25 best songs of 2009.[58] "Halo" was nominated at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards in the categories of Record of the Year[59] and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, winning the latter.[60] It also won Best Foreign Song at the 2010 Croatian Porin Awards.[61] The live version of "Halo", featured on I Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas (2009), was nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards.[62] The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) recognized "Halo" as one of the most performed songs of 2009 at the 27th ASCAP Pop Music Awards.[63] On the occasion of Beyoncé's thirtieth birthday in 2011, Erika Ramirez and Jason Lipshutz of Billboard magazine placed the ballad at number 18 on their list of Beyoncé's 30 biggest Billboard hits.[3] On The Village Voice' year-end Pazz & Jop singles list, "Halo" was ranked at numbers 878 and 124 in 2008 and 2009 respectively.[64][65] In 2013, John Boone and Jennifer Cady of E! Online placed the song at number three on their list of the ten best Beyoncé's songs, writing that other power ballads "don't come more powerful than this one, which finds Beyoncé belting alongside what sounds to be every instrument in the entire world (including a dope one-second drum solo)".[66]Consequence of Sound named "Halo" the 23rd best song of 2009.[67]
Chart performance
"Halo" debuted at number 93 in the US Billboard Hot 100 chart issue dated February 7, 2009.[68] It peaked at number five on the chart issue dated May 23, 2009.[69] The US success of "Halo" helped Beyoncé achieve more top 10 singles on the Hot 100 chart than any other female artist during 2001–10.[70] After spending 30 weeks in the top 40 of the Hot 100 chart, "Halo" last charted on the week ending August 29, 2009.[71] It peaked at number two on the US Mainstream Top 40 chart, behind "Boom Boom Pow" by The Black Eyed Peas,[72] at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, and at number 16 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[73] On January 5, 2010, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single double-platinum, denoting sales of two million copies.[74] In August 2022, RIAA updated Beyoncé's sales, certifying "Halo" as having sold more than 9 million copies.[75] It was later certified as eleven-times platinum.
"Halo" debuted at number 40 on the New Zealand Singles Chart on February 2, 2009, and attained a high point of number two three weeks later.[76] The song spent 33 non-consecutive weeks on the chart, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ), representing sales of 15,000 copies.[77] In 2024, it was certified 6× platinum representing 180,000 equivalent units.[78] On February 15, 2009, it entered the ARIA Singles Chart at number 29. The ballad peaked at number three for four non-consecutive weeks, and spent a total of 36 weeks in the top 50.[79] The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) certified "Halo" thirteen-times platinum for selling 910,000 copies.[80]
"Halo" entered the UK Singles Chart at number 98 for the week ending February 21, 2009;[81][82] over a period of seven weeks, it climbed to number four on March 29, 2009 (for the week ending April 4, 2009).[83] It spent 49 weeks in the top 100 of UK Singles Chart; 44 non-consecutive weeks after its debut, it was at number 94 on March 4, 2012, before dropping out the following week.[84] As of June 2022, it had sold 2.1 million copies in the UK, including 158.7 million plays, and is her best-selling and most streamed single there.[85] In October 2023, the song was certified quadruple-platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), denoting 2,400,000 units sold and streamed in the UK.[86] It debuted on the Irish Singles Chart at number 32 on January 22, 2009,[87] and peaked at number four for three consecutive weeks.[88][89]
On the Spanish Singles Chart, "Halo" debuted at number 45 on January 25, 2009, but it fell off the chart the following week.[90] However, the song re-entered the chart four months later on May 3, 2009, at number 44, and peaked at number five on October 11, 2009.[90] It was certified double-platinum by the Productores de Música de España (PROMUSICAE), indicating sales of 80,000 copies.[91] "Halo" topped the Brasil BillboardHot 100 chart for more than 20 consecutive weeks in 2009.[92] It emerged as the most listened to song on radio in Brazil during the same period as it registered 24,734 plays on radio stations throughout the country.[93] "Halo" was also the most downloaded song in Brazil from November 2009 to November 2010, as highlighted by the first edition of the Brazilian Digital Music Awards.[94]
Music videos
The accompanying music videos for "Halo" and "Diva" premiered simultaneously on the US iTunes Store on December 23, 2008.[12] Shot in late November 2008 in a SoHo townhouse owned by Beyoncé, the video was directed by Philip Andelman and features actor Michael Ealy as Beyoncé's love interest.[27][95][96] Ealy was happy to work with Beyoncé, as he had loved the song immediately after hearing it.[97] This was the second time he was asked to star in a video for a song by Beyoncé; the first was "Irreplaceable", which he had refused because he did not appreciate its theme and concept.[97] He had advised Beyoncé: "Call me when you have a hero role".[97]
The video, which Beyoncé has considered intimate and romantic,[25] begins as she stands against a wall, illuminated by light that passes through a window. In one scene, Beyoncé's character, dressed in a skin-tight leotard, performs a dance sequence while her love interest looks down at her from a balcony. According to Michael Slezak of Entertainment Weekly, the dance routines pay homage to the 1983 romanticdrama filmFlashdance.[12] Beyoncé and Ealy later stare adoringly at each other as they snuggle on a sofa. During the climax of the video, Beyoncé is shown underwater, dressed in white, moving slowly upwards. As the chorus begins, she opens her eyes; after Ealy kisses the back of her neck, the pair come face to face in the final scene, in which Beyoncé lies in bed, with Ealy above her. Jennifer Cady of E! Online wrote that the bright shiny lights in the video "make [Beyoncé] look like an angel".[52] The video was ranked at number 74 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009 countdown.[98] By April 2020, the video had received over one billion views on YouTube, becoming Beyoncé's first to achieve it.[99]
An alternative video surfaced online in late May 2010, explaining why Beyoncé's character was remembering her love interest in the original version.[96][100] It begins with a view of the night sky and many trees, as Beyoncé drives a car and Ealy's character is chased by the police through a forest. As the video progresses, she parks her car on the side of the road and scenes from the original version are shown. Police dogs eventually catch Ealy's character and attack him savagely. An open bag reveals stolen money, which is dispersed by the wind. At the end of the video, in the forest, Beyoncé finds Ealy lying lifelessly on the ground.[96]
Beyoncé's first live performance of "Halo" was at the NAACP Awards on February 12, 2009.[101][102] She sang the ballad while archival footage from the Civil Rights Movement was shown in the background.[101] Brennan Williams of Entertainment Newswire wrote that Beyoncé's "breathtaking performance" showed why she received the 2009 Outstanding Female Artist award.[101] She also sang "Halo" on the Late Show with David Letterman on April 22, 2009,[103][104] and on Today the following day.[105] "Halo" was later added to the set list of her I Am... Tour in 2009–10,[106][107] when it was performed during the concert's encore.[106][107] After Beyoncé finished "Single Ladies", she sang "Halo" initially on stage before descending to shake hands with everybody in the front rows.[107] Deborah McAleese and Lauren Mulvenny of The Belfast Telegraph commented that she did it with "great passion".[108] It was included on her CD/DVD live albums I Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas[109] and I Am... World Tour (2010).[110] Beyoncé performed "Halo" live, as the closing song at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival.[111]
Beyoncé has performed "Halo" for several tributes. On June 25, 2009, American singer Michael Jacksondied. During some concerts, an image of Jackson was shown on the main screen and she changed the lyrics to "Michael I can see your halo / I pray your music won't fade away".[119] On January 12, 2010, Haiti was struck by an earthquake. A charitytelethon called Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief took place on January 22, 2010, in which many artists participated.[120][121] Beyoncé performed an acoustic version of "Halo" with Coldplay's lead vocalist Chris Martin playing the acoustic guitar.[120][122] To make the song match the night's purpose,[123] She sang "Haiti, we can see your halo / You know you're my saving grace / You're everything I need and more, it's written all over your face / Haiti, we can see your halo / I pray you won't fade away".[124] The version was included on the 2010 live album Hope for Haiti Now.[124] Following the death of Whitney Houston earlier that year, Beyoncé performed a tribute during her Live revue in May 2012, at the Revel resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey.[125][126] Beyoncé began the performance of "Halo" singing the first verse of Houston's "I Will Always Love You".[126]Maura Johnston of The Village Voice praised the performance noting that "the most basically structured song [...] could be turned into something glorious with the right singer".[126] Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly wrote that it was "the most attention-grabbing moments of the night".[125] Ben Ratliff of The New York Times highlighted the performance.[127] In January 2020, Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna died in a helicopter crash. Beyoncé sang "Halo" during their memorial the following month.[128]
In 2009, "Halo" was covered by Florence and the Machine on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge.[138] Elementary school group PS22 Chorus covered "Halo" and "Single Ladies" during the 2009 Billboard Women in Music luncheon held at The Pierre in New York City.[139] At the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards, American singer Katy Perry performed a mash-up of "Halo" and the other Best Song nominees.[140][141] American singer Mike Posner also covered the ballad with different lyrics, and included it on his 2009 mixtapeA Matter of Time.[142][143] According to an MTV writer, Posner's rendition was "a refreshing take on the original".[143] The song was blended with "How to Break a Heart" by the Irish boy bandWestlife, on their 2010 Where We Are Tour.[144] On February 5, 2012, the team on the Australian talent show, Young Talent Time, sang "Halo" as the closing song of that night.[145] On April 17, 2013, Angie Miller, a contestant on the 12th season of American Idol covered the song during an episode of the show.[146] Melissa Locker of Rolling Stone magazine commented that she was "at her best" and "managed to tap into that power sans piano".[146]
"Halo" has been covered by other musicians, including Ailee,[147]ceo,[148]Harper Blynn,[149]Chris Sebastian and the Kingdom Choir.[150] Marc Hogan of Pitchfork Media wrote that no cover has been "quite as inspired or as perversely logical" as the one by ceo.[148] He added that it was built on bumpy beats, and his version makes use of an acoustic guitar, 1980s-era stylized electric guitar, strings, and horns, and ends with a rapped outro.[148] A dancehall cover of "Halo" by Major Lazer, with lead vocals by Elephant Man, was posted on the former's Twitter account the night after Beyoncé won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.[148][151] Simon Vozick-Levinson of Entertainment Weekly commented that their version "stays fairly close to the original, except with Elephant Man growling instead of Beyoncé belting the verses".[152] A 2012 cover by singer-songwriter LP was described by MTV as "[finding] the perfect balance between making it her own and preserving the integrity of the original melody".[153] In 2013, "Halo" was covered by the Icelandic band Hjaltalín, with their version of "Halo" appearing as the B-side of their single "Crack in a Stone".[154][155]
A gospel-style version of the song was recorded by Jahméne and was released on his album Love Never Fails (2013).[156] Indian singer Sunidhi Chauhan covered the ballad during a concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London in late September 2013. A writer of The Times of India included the performance of the song as one of the highlights of the concert.[157] In 2013 Ane Brun, accompanied by Linnea Olsson on cello and backing vocals, released a "personal and stripped-down" version of "Halo" on her album Rarities.[158] This cover is included on the soundtrack of the 2014 movie If I Stay.[159] "Halo" was included on the international soundtrack of Caminho das Índias, an Emmy Award-winning Brazilian soap opera.[160] "Halo" is featured on the British compilation albumNow! 73.[161]
* Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
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Miss Continentes Unidos 2018 Guayaquil, Ciudad sede del certamenFecha 22 de septiembre de 2018Recinto sede Centro de Convenciones de Guayaquil Simón Bolívar, Guayaquil, EcuadorEmitido por GamavisiónCandidatas 32Clasificación 10Debutantes Bielorrusia, EspañaRetirados Costa Rica, Curazao, Guatemala, Guyana, Haití, Jamaica, Noruega, Países BajosRegreso Dinamarca, Honduras, Portugal, Puerto RicoGanadora México MéxicoTraje nacional China ChinaSimpatía Venezuela VenezuelaFotogénica ...
Trade Vessel based out of India in the late 1700s For other ships with the same name, see Surat Castle (ship). The East Indiaman Surat Castle, in two positions calling, for a pilot off Dover, 1790; Thomas Whitcombe History Great Britain NamesakeSurat Castle BuilderSurat,[3][2] or Bombay Dockyard[1] Launched25 March 1788,[1] or 1789,[2] or 1790[3] FateSold 1819 General characteristics 1796 measurement Tons burthen963,[4] or 1000[2]...
Biosphere reserve in Vietnam Cu Lao Cham Marine Park Cu Lao Cham Biosphere ReserveCham Islands Marine ParkThe Main Island - Cu Lao Cham Marine ParkCham Islands Marine ParkCu Lao Cham Biosphere ReserveNearest cityHội AnCoordinates15°57′02″N 108°40′55″E / 15.95056°N 108.68194°E / 15.95056; 108.68194Area50 km²Established2009 [1] Cu Lao Cham Marine Park also known as Cham Islands Biosphere Reserve is part of the eight islets of the Chàm Islands...
Irish clergyman Denis Ó Connmhaigh also recorded as Denis O'Cahan or in Latin as Dionysius[1] was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman in the 15th century:[2] he was appointed Bishop of Kilfenora on 17 November 1434 and consecrated on 26 December that year;[3] resigned on 12 December 1491.[4] References ^ Brady 1876, The Episcopal Succession in England, Scotland and Ireland, volume 2, pp. 125–127. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, p. 358. ^ C...
Đừng nhầm lẫn với Đĩa tiền hành tinh. Tinh vân Westbrook, một tinh vân tiền hành tinh. Tinh vân tiền hành tinh là một thiên thể tồn tại chóng vánh ở giai đoạn trước khi một ngôi sao tiến hóa từ pha cuối nhánh tiệm cận khổng lồ[1] thành tinh vân hành tinh. Một tinh vân tiền hành tinh phát ra bức xạ hồng ngoại mạnh và nó là một loại tinh vân phản xạ. Đây là giai đoạn tiến hóa có đ...
جزء من سلسلة حول ثقافة باكستان التاريخ الحروب الباكستانية الهندية حركة باكستان السكان باكستانيون قائمة أعلام باكستانيين اسم باكستاني اللغات لغة أردية إنجليزية باكستانية Provincial languages الأساطير والفولكلور * فلكلور باكستان المطبخ المهرجانات العطل الرسمية (يوم الاستقلال) الأ...
Auguste Fürstin von Liegnitz Auguste Gräfin von Harrach (* 30. August 1800 in Dresden; † 5. Juni 1873 in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe) war als Fürstin von Liegnitz die zweite Ehefrau von König Friedrich Wilhelm III. von Preußen. Leben Auguste Fürstin von Liegnitz Villa Liegnitz, Potsdam-Sanssouci Franz Krüger: Ausritt der Fürstin Liegnitz im Park Charlottenburg Die aus dem österreichischen Adelsgeschlecht Harrach stammende Auguste war die Tochter von Graf Ferdinand Joseph von Harrach ...
Malaysian railway station Kawang Railway StationStesen Keretapi KawangThe station photographed in 2013.General informationLocationKawang, Papar, SabahMalaysiaCoordinates5°46′20.84″N 116°1′7.05″E / 5.7724556°N 116.0186250°E / 5.7724556; 116.0186250Owned bySabah State RailwayOperated bySabah State RailwayLine(s)Western Sabah Railway Line(formerly North Borneo Railway Line)PlatformsSide platformTracksMain line (2)ConstructionPlatform levels1ParkingYesBicycle f...
1943 military trial Col. William T. Colman in 1943 U.S. Army colonel William Truman Colman (born October 10, 1903), commandant of the Selfridge Army Air Base, was court-martialed in 1943 for shooting and wounding Private First Class William R. McRae. Colman shot McRae, an African-American driver, without provocation. He was convicted only on a reduced charge of careless use of a firearm and being drunk and disorderly, leading to protests over lenient treatment. The decision of the military co...
Yeremia 5Kitab Yeremia dalam Alkitab Ibrani, MS Sassoon 1053, foto 283-315.KitabKitab YesayaKategoriNevi'imBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen24← pasal 4 pasal 6 → Yeremia 5 (disingkat Yer 5) adalah bagian dari Kitab Yeremia dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Berisi perkataan nabi Yeremia bin Hilkia, tentang Yehuda dan Yerusalem, yang hidup pada zaman raja Yosia, Yoahas, Yoyakim, Yoyakhin dan Zedekia dari Kerajaan Yehuda sekitar...
Keuskupan AtambuaDioecesis AtambuensisKatolik Gereja Katedral AtambuaLambang Keuskupan AtambuaLokasiNegara IndonesiaWilayah Pulau Timor bagian tengah, Nusa Tenggara Timur Kabupaten BeluKabupaten MalakaKabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Provinsi gerejawiKupangDekanatBelu UtaraMalakaMenaKefamenanuKantor pusatJalan Nela Raya 17, Lalian Tolu, Atambua 85702Koordinat9°06′00″S 124°53′47″E / 9.099925°S 124.896493°E / -9.099925; 124.896493StatistikLuas5.177 ...
HospitalGeneral informationLocationAvenida Caracas with calles 3 y 4Los Mártires and Santa FeLine(s)Caracas SurPlatforms2HistoryOpenedApril 8, 2001Services Preceding station TransMilenio Following station Tercer MilenioTerminus Hortúatowards Portal de Usme or Portal del Tunal The simple-station Hospital is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in the year 2000. Location The station is located in the city center, specifically at Avenida Caracas with Calles...
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat DaerahKota Cirebon ᮓᮦᮝᮔ᮪ ᮕᮀᮝᮊᮤᮜ᮪ ᮛᮠᮚᮒ᮪ ᮓᮆᮛᮂ ᮊᮧᮒ ᮎᮤᮛᮨᮘᮧᮔ᮪Déwan Pangwakil Rahayat Daérah Kota CirebonDewan Perwakilan RakyatKota Cirebon2019-2024JenisJenisUnikameral Jangka waktu5 tahunSejarahSesi baru dimulai12 Agustus 2019PimpinanKetuaRuri Tri Lesmana (Gerindra) sejak 1 Agustus 2022 Wakil Ketua IFitria Pamungkaswati (PDI-P) sejak 26 September 2019 Wakil Ketua IIMohamad Handarujati Kalamullah, S.S...
Malaysian politician (1941–2021) In this Malay name, there is no family name. The name Chik is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Sabbaruddin. The Arabic-derived word bin or binti/binte, if used, means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively. Yang Berbahagia Tan SriSabbaruddin ChikPSM SSAP SIMP DPMS DSAPصبار الدين چئMinister of Culture, Arts and TourismIn office20 May 1987 – 12 November 1996MonarchsIskandar Azlan Shah Ja'afarPr...
Ancient caves Not to be confused with Udayagiri Caves in Vidisha district, Madhya Pradesh. This article or section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (December 2021) Udayagiri and Khandagiri CavesKattaka C...
2012 video game This article is about the video game. For the Nine Inch Nails song that uses this pseudonym, see Sin (song). 2012 video gameHalo 4Developer(s)343 IndustriesPublisher(s)Microsoft StudiosDirector(s)Josh HolmesProducer(s)Chris LeeDesigner(s)Scott WarnerProgrammer(s)David BergerArtist(s)Kenneth ScottWriter(s)Armando TroisiChristopher Schlerf[1]Composer(s)Neil DavidgeSeriesHaloPlatform(s)Xbox 360ReleaseNovember 6, 2012Genre(s)First-person shooterMode(s)Single-player, multip...
Branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species Primate skulls. From left to right: HumanChimpanzeeOrangutanMacaquePart of a series onAnthropology OutlineHistory Types Archaeological Biological Cultural Linguistic Social Archaeological Aerial Aviation Battlefield Biblical Bioarchaeological Environmental Ethnoarchaeological Experiential Feminist Forensic Maritime Paleoethnobotanical Zooarchaeological Biological Anthrozoological Biocultural Evolutionary Forensi...
Hellendoorn Plaats in Nederland Situering Provincie Overijssel Overijssel Gemeente Hellendoorn Hellendoorn Coördinaten 52° 23′ NB, 6° 27′ OL Algemeen Inwoners (2021-01-01) 6.350[1] Overig Postcode 7447 Woonplaatscode 3583 Foto's Portaal Nederland St. Sebastianuskerk Hellendoorn is een plaats met 6.350 inwoners (2021)[1] in de gelijknamige gemeente in de Nederlandse provincie Overijssel. Geografie Hellendoorn ligt in de provincie Overijssel ten ooste...
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