Government of Sri Lanka

Government of Sri Lanka
Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம்
	Emblem of the Government of Sri Lanka
Formation	1978; 46 years ago; (under current constitution)
Founding document	Constitution of Sri Lanka
Jurisdiction	Sri Lanka
Website	www.gov.lk
Legislative branch
Legislature	Parliament
Meeting place	New Parliament Complex
Executive branch
Leader	President of Sri Lanka
Headquarters	Presidential Secretariat
Main organ	Cabinet
Judicial branch
Court	Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
Seat	Colombo and Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte,; Colombo District

The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanized: Śrī Lankā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம்) is a Semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.^[1]

Constitution

The Constitution of Sri Lanka has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution and its third constitution since the country's independence (as Ceylon) in 1948, after the Donoughmore Constitution, Soulbury Constitution, and Constitution of 1972. As of October 2020, it has been formally amended 21 times.

Executive branch

The President, directly elected for a five-year term, is head of state, head of government,^[a] chief executive, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The election occurs under the Sri Lankan form of the contingent vote. Responsible to Parliament for the exercise of duties under the constitution and laws, the president may be removed from office by a two-thirds vote of Parliament with the concurrence of the Supreme Court.

The President appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers responsible to Parliament. The president's deputy is the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, who leads the ruling party in Parliament. The President can dissolve the cabinet and appoint a new one at any time.

Main office holders
Office	Name	Party	Since
President	Ranil Wickremesinghe^[2]	United National Party	21 July 2022
Prime Minister	Dinesh Gunawardena	Mahajana Eksath Peramuna	20 July 2022

Legislative branch

The Parliament has 225 members, elected for a six-year term, 196 members elected in multi-seat constituencies and 29 by proportional representation. The President may summon, suspend, or end a legislative session and dissolve Parliament any time after it has served for one year. Parliament reserves the power to make all laws.

The primary modification is that the party that receives the largest number of valid votes in each constituency gains a unique "bonus seat" (see Hickman, 1999). Since its independence in 1948, Sri Lanka has remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Judicial branch

The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the country. It is set out in the constitution, which defines courts as independent institutions within the traditional framework of checks and balances. The Sri Lankan courts are presided over by professional judges, judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President with the nomination of the Parliamentary Council, others by the Judicial Service Commission.^[3]

Sri Lanka has a legal system which is an amalgam of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law and Customary Law.

Elections

Sri Lanka elects on the national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Parliament has 225 members, elected for a five-year term, and 196 members elected in multi-seat constituencies through a proportional representation system where each party is allocated a number of seats from the quota for each district according to the proportion of the total vote that the party obtains in the district.

List of Governments in Sri Lanka

1st - United National Party - from 1947 to 1951
2nd - United National Party - from 1951 to 1956

Notes

^ After the 1978 reforms, the President of Sri Lanka became the head of government instead of the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka.

References

^ Boxall, Sheryl (2008). DeRouen, Karl; Bellamy, Paul (eds.). International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 728. ISBN 978-0-275-99255-2.
^ "Sri Lanka Crisis News LIVE Updates: Protesters gather outside Presidential Secretariat after Ranil Wickremesinghe elected President". The Times of India. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
^ "Judicial System of Sri Lanka". Commonwealth Governance. Retrieved 17 November 2013.