Government of Croatia

Government of the Republic of Croatia
Vlada Republike Hrvatske (Croatian)
Overview
Established30 May 1990; 34 years ago (1990-05-30)
StateRepublic of Croatia
LeaderPrime Minister
Main organCroatian Parliament
Ministries18 (2024)
HeadquartersBanski dvori
St. Mark's Square 2, Zagreb, Croatia
Websitewww.vlada.gov.hr

The Government of Croatia (Croatian: Vlada Hrvatske), formally the Government of the Republic of Croatia (Vlada Republike Hrvatske), commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government (hrvatska Vlada), is the main executive branch of government in Croatia. It is led by the president of the Government (predsjednik Vlade), informally abbreviated to premier (premijer) or prime minister. The prime minister is nominated by the president of the Republic from among those candidates who enjoy majority support in the Croatian Parliament (Sabor); the candidate is then chosen by the Parliament. There are 20 other government members, serving as deputy prime ministers, government ministers or both; they are chosen by the prime minister and confirmed by the Parliament. The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament. The current government is led by Prime Minister Andrej Plenković.

Following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and the Government of the Land or officially the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Government of the Land (Zemaljska vlada or Kraljevska hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska zemaljska vlada)—headed by a crown-appointed ban—were established. This government existed until the Austria-Hungary breakup and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' creation in 1918. In 1939, the Banovina of Croatia was established and a head of the Banovina of Croatia (Ban) was appointed by the crown, but no effective government was formed before World War II. In 1943, the ZAVNOH established an executive board to act as a new government. Communist Croatia, while a part of Communist Yugoslavia, had a separate government (from 1953 to 1990 known as the Executive Council, appointed by the Sabor) with limited powers (excluding defence and foreign relations; this was similar to all the previous governmental forms). Following the first multi-party elections and the adoption of the present Constitution of Croatia in 1990, the present governmental form was adopted and Stjepan Mesić became the first person to lead a non-communist government (under Government of Yugoslavia), while Josip Manolić was the first prime minister of an independent Croatia. Since Communist rule's end, the Republic of Croatia has had fourteen governments headed by twelve different prime ministers. Nine governments have been formed by the Croatian Democratic Union, three by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia, one was headed by a non-partisan prime minister and one was a national unity government (formed during the Croatian War of Independence's peak).

Terminology

The term "government" in Croatia (Vlada) primarily refers to the executive branch, as used by the government itself, the press and colloquially, as that branch of the government (vlast) is responsible for day-to-day governance of the nation (uprava); this sense is intended when it is said that a political party forms the government.[1][2][3]

Structure and powers

Banski dvori, headquarters of the Government of the Republic of Croatia
Ban Jelačić Hall, the main hall for bilateral meetings in Banski dvori complex

The government, the main executive power of the Croatian state, is headed by the prime minister (PM). The PM currently has four deputies (elected by the Croatian Parliament), who also serve as government ministers; there are 16 other ministers, who are appointed by the prime minister with the approval of the Sabor (by absolute majority vote). The government ministers are each in charge of a particular sector of activity such as Foreign Affairs. The prime minister and all the deputies form an inner cabinet, tasked with coordinating and supervising the work of government ministers on behalf of the PM; the inner cabinet also prepares materials for meetings of the full government cabinet (consisting of the inner cabinet and the remaining 16 ministers). The first deputy prime minister also discharges the duties of the prime minister when the latter is incapacitated or absent.[4] State secretaries (Croatian: državni tajnici) are the highest officials below each minister. There are one or more State secretaries in the ministries. Each State secretary is appointed by the government for the term of the minister, and is responsible to the minister. They act as deputy ministers and attend meetings only exceptionally. State secretaries are also heads of the Central State Offices (see below).

The executive branch is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws and guiding the foreign and internal policies of the republic. The government's official residence is at the Banski dvori in Zagreb.[5] Although the cabinet normally meets at the Banski dvori, occasionally its meetings are held elsewhere in the country.[6]

The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament, the Sabor (Croatian: Hrvatski sabor). Its structure, operational procedures and decision-making processes are defined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia Act (2011 with 2014 and 2016 amendments) and the Government Rules of Procedure (2015 with 2015 amendments). The Constitution mandates that the government proposes legislation and other documents to the parliament, proposes the budget and gives financial reports, implements Acts and other decisions of the parliament, enacts any regulations required to implement the Acts, defines foreign and internal policies, directs and oversees the operation of state administration, promotes the economic development of the country, directs the activities and development of public services and performs other activities conforming to the provisions of the Constitution and applicable legislation. The government also passes regulations and administrative acts and orders appointments and removals of appointed officials and civil servants within the scope of its powers. It makes rulings in cases of conflicts of jurisdiction between governmental institutions, responds to questions asked parliamentary majority and opposition representatives,[7] prepares proposals of new legislation and other regulations, gives opinions on legislation and other regulations and adopts strategies for the economic and social development of the country.[8][9]

Building in formal style behind scattered trees
Ministry of Foreign Affairs building

The government manages state property of the Republic of Croatia unless special legislation provides otherwise. It may appoint special committees to manage the property on its behalf; this process is implemented through appointed members of supervisory boards and managing boards of companies partially or wholly owned by the Republic of Croatia. The government also determines these appointees' salaries. It maintains specialized bodies, agencies and offices—including the Legislation Office, the Office for Human Rights and the Rights of National Minorities and Public Relations Service—that are required by the Government Act of 2011, as well as committees to decide administrative matters. Various branches of government may establish joint services.[8] There are further entities established by the government as companies designed to support the aims of the Government, such as the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development that strives to fund the reconstruction and development of the economy of Croatia.[10]

Local (city/municipality) and regional (county) governments are separate from the central government; the latter maintains a State Administration Office in each county, under the Ministry of Public Administration.[11]

This is a responsible government to the Croatian Parliament, which may recall it as a whole or in part by an absolute majority vote (majority of all MPs) following a request for a confidence vote by one fifth of the parliament members or by the prime minister. The prime minister and other members are jointly responsible for decisions passed by their government and individually responsible for their respective portfolios (areas of responsibility). The President of the Republic appoints the prime minister, who must then secure a vote of confidence from the Croatian Parliament (majority of all MPs); the appointment is therefore counter-signed by the speaker of the parliament to signify this. The prime minister appoints members approved by the Croatian Parliament (again signified via a counter-signature by the speaker of the parliament). The rules of procedure and regulations enacted by the government must be published in Narodne novine—the official gazette of Croatia—to bind.[8][9]

Offices and agencies

Operations

Government meetings are typically public. It may close any part of its sessions (or entire sessions) to the public. The prime minister may authorise any deputy to represent the PM and otherwise take over any particular task assigned to the PM. The quorum for government sessions is a majority of government members. Most decisions are reached by a simple majority vote; a two-thirds majority vote is required for decisions about changes to the Croatian Constitution, uniting with other states or transferring any part of Croatian sovereignty to supranational organisations, changes to Croatian borders, dissolution of the parliament, or calling a referendum.[8]

The inner or core cabinet (the prime minister and the PM's deputies) monitors and discusses the operation of the government, and may hold preliminary discussions on any matter performed by the government. The core cabinet may act as the government in emergencies when the government is unable to meet. Its decisions must be verified at the next government session to remain in force. The Government Secretary coordinates agencies, offices and other services subordinated to the government.[8]

Current cabinet

Portfolio Minister Took office Party
Prime Minister's Office
Prime Minister Andrej Plenković 17 May 2024 HDZ
Deputy Prime Ministers
Agriculture Josip Dabro 17 May 2024 DP
Construction, Physical Planning and State Property Branko Bačić 17 May 2024 HDZ
Croatian Veterans Tomo Medved 17 May 2024 HDZ
Defence Ivan Anušić 17 May 2024 HDZ
Finance Marko Primorac 17 May 2024 Ind.(HDZ)
Interior Davor Božinović 17 May 2024 HDZ
Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Oleg Butković 17 May 2024 HDZ
Ministers
Culture and Media Nina Obuljen Koržinek 17 May 2024 HDZ
Demographics and Immigration Ivan Šipić 17 May 2024 DP
Economy Ante Šušnjar 17 May 2024 DP
Environmental Protection Marija Vučković 17 May 2024 HDZ
Foreign and European Affairs Gordan Grlić-Radman 17 May 2024 HDZ
Health unpopulated - -
Justice and Public Administration Damir Habijan 17 May 2024 HDZ
Labour and Pension System, Family and Social Policy Marin Piletić 17 May 2024 HDZ
Regional Development and EU funds Šime Erlić 17 May 2024 HDZ
Science and Education Radovan Fuchs 17 May 2024 HDZ
Tourism and Sports Tonči Glavina 17 May 2024 HDZ

Source:[47]

History

Group of people in formal garb, including swords
Ban Pavao Rauch at St. Mark's Square in Zagreb, with Banski dvori in the background

Short-lived Croatian Royal Council (1767–79), appointed by queen Maria Theresa, was a central authority administering economic, political and military matters in Kingdom of Croatia.[48] Ban's Council (Croatian: Bansko vijeće) of 1848–1850 was the first executive council established in Croatia. It acted as an administrative body governing Croatia (and Slavonia) within the Austrian Empire as a government, later to be replaced by the Ban's Government (1850–1854), Royal Lieutenancy for Croatia and Slavonia (1854–1861), and Royal Lieutenancy Council (1861–1868) in Zagreb (with Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Chancellery in Vienna, 1862–1868).[49]

Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the subsequent Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was established, along with the Government of the Land, officially the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Government of the Land (Croatian: Zemaljska vlada or Kraljevska hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska zemaljska vlada) headed by a crown-appointed ban. The establishment was carried out during the administration of Ban Levin Rauch.[50][51] This government form continued until the breakup of Austria-Hungary and creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. In total, 15 Bans acted as heads of the government in this period.[52] The Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Government was not a parliamentary government, as its cabinet ministers and its head (Ban) were not appointed or confirmed by the Croatian Parliament (Sabor), but by Hungarian-Croatian government in Budapest.

In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Cvetković–Maček Agreement was made in 1939; it established the Banovina of Croatia and Ivan Šubašić was appointed as ban to head the Croatian government (Ban's Government, Croatian: Banska vlast).[53] Still, an effective government was not formed before the onset of World War II.[54]

Banski dvori during the visit of Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1895.

In June 1943, the National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH) established an 11-member executive board to act as the new government of Croatia.[55] The first People's Government of the Federal State of Croatia (led by Vladimir Bakarić) was founded at the extraordinary session of the Presidency of the National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH), which was held on April 14, 1945, in Split.

People's Republic of Croatia, from 1963 Socialist Republic of Croatia, a part of Yugoslavia, maintained its own government (of limited powers, excluding defence and foreign relations). The government was appointed by and responsible to the Sabor. During the Communist era, there were 14 governments of Croatia. From 1953 to 1990 the official name of the government was the Executive Council of the Sabor (Croatian: Izvršno vijeće Sabora).[56]

Following the parliamentary elections and the adoption of the present Constitution of Croatia in 1990, the present form of government was begun. On 30 May 1990, Stjepan Mesić became the first person to hold the title of Prime Minister of Croatia, and Franjo Gregurić was the first prime minister of an independent Croatia, as he held the office on 8 October 1991 when the declaration of independence came into effect.[57][58]

List

Since 30 May 1990 (the first multi-party parliamentary election held following the 45-year Communist rule), the Republic of Croatia has had a total of fourteen governments headed by twelve different prime ministers. The prime minister in the first government after the first multi-party election was Stjepan Mesić, who would later go on to become the President of Croatia. That government was formed by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), as were seven other governments of Croatia. Three governments have been formed by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), and one was a national unity government (representing a wide coalition of political parties) formed during the Croatian War of Independence's peak, between July 1991 and August 1992, with Franjo Gregurić as the prime minister.[57]

Assumed office Prime Minister (Leading) Party in Office Cabinet
30 May 1990 Stjepan Mesić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Stjepan Mesić
24 August 1990 Josip Manolić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Josip Manolić
17 July 1991 Franjo Gregurić National unity government Cabinet of Franjo Gregurić
12 August 1992 Hrvoje Šarinić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Hrvoje Šarinić
3 April 1993 Nikica Valentić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Nikica Valentić
7 November 1995 Zlatko Mateša Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Zlatko Mateša
27 January 2000 Ivica Račan Social Democratic Party of Croatia Cabinet of Ivica Račan I
30 July 2002 Ivica Račan Social Democratic Party of Croatia Cabinet of Ivica Račan II
23 December 2003 Ivo Sanader Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Ivo Sanader I
12 January 2008 Ivo Sanader Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Ivo Sanader II
6 July 2009 Jadranka Kosor Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor
23 December 2011 Zoran Milanović Social Democratic Party of Croatia Cabinet of Zoran Milanović
22 January 2016 Tihomir Orešković Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Tihomir Orešković
19 October 2016 Andrej Plenković Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Andrej Plenković I
23 July 2020 Andrej Plenković Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Andrej Plenković II
17 May 2024 Andrej Plenković Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Andrej Plenković III
Sources: Croatian Government;[57] HIDRA.[59]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ These are supporting offices of (services for) the cabinet; each is run by a Head of the Office (Director).
  2. ^ These support the central government as a whole in terms of strategy coordination and infrastructure; each is headed by a State Secretary.
  3. ^ In general, these supervise other government bodies such as the Public Sector Bodies (below); each is headed by a Director of the Office/Bureau/Directorate.
  4. ^ These are public sector organisations established for various tasks.

References

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Lampu yang menggunakan Sinar Leigh dipasang di bawah sayap pesawat Liberator Konsolidasi dari Komando Pesisir Angkatan Udara Kerajaan, 26 Februari 1944. Sinar Leigh adalah perangkat anti-kapal selam milik Inggris yang digunakan dalam Pertempuran Atlantik selama Perang Dunia II. Lampu sorot busur karbon dengan Sinar Leigh (22 juta kandela) berdiameter 24 inci (610 mm) dipasang pada sejumlah pesawat pembom dari Komando Pesisir RAF, Angkatan Udara Kerajaan, untuk membantu mereka melihat kap...

 

селище селище Ликошино Лыкошино Країна  Росія Суб'єкт Російської Федерації Тверська область Муніципальний район Бологовський район Поселення Валдайське сільське поселення Код ЗКАТУ: 28208806001 Код ЗКТМО: 28608406101 Основні дані Населення 601 Телефонний код +7 748238 Географіч...

 

سانت لوئيسفيل     الإحداثيات 40°10′22″N 82°25′08″W / 40.1728°N 82.4189°W / 40.1728; -82.4189  [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1839  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ليكنغ، أوهايو  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 0.651918 كيلومتر مربع0.644754 كيلومتر مربع (1 أب...

Reciprocating internal combustion engine Chevrolet Stovebolt engineOverviewManufacturerGeneral Motors CorporationAlso calledStovebolt SixCast-Iron WonderProduction1929–1962 North America1964–1979 BrazilLayoutValvetrainOHV, 2 valves per cylinderCombustionFuel typeGasolineCooling systemWater-cooledChronologyPredecessor171 Straight-4SuccessorChevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine The Chevrolet Stovebolt engine is a straight-six engine made in two versions between 1929 and 1962 by the Chevrolet Divisi...

 

Mei Fang 梅方 Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Mei FangTanggal lahir 14 November 1989 (umur 34)[1]Tempat lahir Wuhan, Hubei, TiongkokTinggi 187 m (613 ft 6 in)Posisi bermain DefenderInformasi klubKlub saat ini Guangzhou EvergrandeNomor 3Karier junior2005–2008 Wuhan GuangguKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2008 Wuhan Guanggu 0 (0)2009–2013 Wuhan Zall 107 (7)2014– Guangzhou Evergrande 103 (1)Tim nasional‡2014– Timnas Tiongkok 23 (1) * Penampilan dan gol di...

 

Crisis de los Misiles en Cuba de 1962 Parte de Guerra Fría y la Historia de Cuba Mapa que muestra el alcance potencial de los misiles soviéticos en CubaFecha 14 de octubre de 1962 - 28 de octubre de 1962Lugar CubaCoordenadas 23°07′00″N 82°23′19″O / 23.1166, -82.3885Resultado Conflicto resuelto diplomáticamente Retirada de los misiles nucleares soviéticos instalados en Cuba. Compromiso de EE. UU. de no declarar la guerra a Cuba. Retirada de los misiles nucleares e...

1978 single by Chaka Khan I'm Every WomanStandard artwork (US edition pictured)Single by Chaka Khanfrom the album Chaka B-sideA Woman in a Man's WorldReleasedSeptember 26, 1978Recorded1978GenreDiscoLength4:07 (album version)3:42 (single edit)LabelWarner Bros.Songwriter(s)Nickolas AshfordValerie SimpsonProducer(s)Arif MardinChaka Khan singles chronology I'm Every Woman (1978) Life Is a Dance (1978) Music videoI'm Every Woman on YouTube I'm Every Woman is a song by American singer Chaka Khan, r...

 

Brévillers Entidad subnacional Escudo BrévillersLocalización de Brévillers en Francia Coordenadas 50°20′48″N 2°00′57″E / 50.346666666667, 2.0158333333333Entidad Comuna de Francia • País  Francia • Región Norte-Paso de Calais • Departamento Paso de Calais • Distrito distrito de Montreuil • Cantón cantón de Hesdin • Mancomunidad Communauté de communes de l'HesdinoisAlcalde Georgette Houwelyks, desde 2001(2008 - 20...

 

Building of the MRI The Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (MRI PAS) (Polish: Instytut Biologii Ssaków Polskiej Akademii Nauk) is a research institution located in the heart of Europe’s best preserved lowland forest, Białowieża Primeval Forest in Poland. The mission of the Institute is to acquire, advance, and disseminate knowledge of mammalian biology. The Institute pursues its mission by conducting research on all aspects of mammalian biology, publishing in ren...

اللغة البلنسية الاسم الذاتي (بالكتالونية: valencià)‏    الناطقون 2400000 (2004)  الكتابة إخطاطة لاتينية  النسب لغات هندية أوروبية لغات هندية أوروبيةلغات إيطاليقيةلغات رومانسيةإيطالو غربيةاللغات الرومانسية الغربيةاللغات الغالية الإيبيريةاللغات الغالية الرومانسيةOccitano-...

 

Seventh shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate of Japan (1434–1443) In this Japanese name, the surname is Ashikaga. Ashikaga Yoshikatsu足利 義勝ShōgunIn office1441–1443MonarchGo-HanazonoPreceded byAshikaga YoshinoriSucceeded byAshikaga Yoshimasa Personal detailsBorn(1434-03-19)March 19, 1434DiedAugust 16, 1443(1443-08-16) (aged 9)ParentsAshikaga Yoshinori (father)Hino Shigeko (mother) Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (足利 義勝, March 19, 1434 – August 16, 1443) was the seventh shōgun of t...

 

New Zealand company RealNZTypePrivateIndustryTourism, travelPredecessorsWayfare Group, Real JourneysFounded2021HeadquartersQueenstownArea servedStewart Island, Fiordland, Doubtful Sound, Te Anau, Milford Sound, Queenstown, Wānaka, ChristchurchKey peopleStephen England-Hall (CEO)Websitewww.realnz.com/en/ RealNZ is a New Zealand tourism company based in Queenstown. The company offers a range of travel, cruises and excursions in Queenstown, Milford Sound / Piopiotahi, Te Anau, Fiordland and Ste...

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Amberstar – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1992 video gameAmberstarAmiga cover artDeveloper(s)Thalion SoftwarePublisher(s)Thalion SoftwareProducer(s)Erik SimonDesigner(s)Karsten Köp...

 

American college football season 2009 NCAA Division I FCS seasonRegular seasonDurationAugust – NovemberPayton AwardArmanti Edwards[1]Buchanan AwardArthur Moats[2]PlayoffDurationNovember 28 – December 18Championship dateDecember 18, 2009Championship siteFinley StadiumChattanooga, TennesseeChampionVillanovaNCAA Division I FCS football seasons«2008 2010» The 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season, the 2009 season of college football for teams in the Football Champ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!