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Gate of Mercy Synagogue
Gate of Mercy Synagogue
Hebrew: שער הרחמים; Malayalam: दयेचे द्वार;
	The synagogue in 2008
Religion
Affiliation	Orthodox Judaism
Rite	Nusach Sefard
Ecclesiastical or organizational status	Synagogue
Year consecrated	1796
Status	Active
Location
Location	254 Samuel Street, South Mumbai, Konkan, Maharashtra
Country	India
	Location of the synagogue in Mumbai
Geographic coordinates	18°57′08″N 72°50′11″E / 18.95226°N 72.836373°E
Architecture
Funded by	Samaji Hasaji Divekar
Date established	c. 1750s (as a congregation)
Completed	1796 (near CSMT);; 1860 (Mandvi);
Specifications
Capacity	300 worshipers
Interior area	8 by 16 m (26 by 52 ft)

The Gate of Mercy Synagogue (Hebrew: שער הרחמים; Malayalam: दयेचे द्वार^[1] or Malayalam: जुनी मशिद), also known, since its centenary in 1896, as the Shaar Harahamim Synagogue,^[2] and known colloquially as Juni Masjid, is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 254 Samuel Street, in South Mumbai, in the division of Konkan, in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Built in 1796,^[3] it is the oldest synagogue in Mumbai.^[4] The synagogue was built by Samaji Hasaji Divekar (also known as Samuel Ezekiel), a Bene Israeli, near CSMT in South Mumbai. The synagogue was later rebuilt and moved to the present location at Mandvi in 1860.^[5] In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the area was inhabited by a small but thriving Jewish community.^[6]

History

According to historical accounts, Samuel Divekar and his brother Issac, served in the British East Indian army as officers. During the Anglo-Mysore Wars, they were captured by the Mysore king Tipu Sultan. They were about to be condemned to death, when Tipu Sultan asked what caste they belonged to. The brothers mentioned that they were Bene Israel. Having never heard of the group, Tipu was about to condemn them to death, when his mother intervened, mentioning that she had heard of the name of the 'caste' in the Koran. Tipu, a devout Muslim spared the two brothers and later exchanged them for a prisoner swap with the British. The two brothers returned to the British enclave of Bombay (now renamed to Mumbai) and built the synagogue in thanksgiving.^[6]

On 2 April 1919, the synagogue convened a public meeting of Bene Israeli on the subject of Zionism. Over 350 community members attended, and many were sympathetic to the cause of setting up of an independent homeland of Palestine though the debate sparked off deep debate on the subject.^[7]^[8]

The local appellation of the synagogue, Juni Masjid, lends itself to the nearby Central railway station, Masjid Bunder.^[8] Despite a fall in numbers, the synagogue maintains active services such as a 6 am service. It serves a congregation of about a hundred members daily.^[5] The synagogue is also featured on heritage and religious tours of the city.^[3]

Synagogue building

The synagogue is a symmetrical, two-story structure finished in chunam, or plaster of polished lime and sand, which has been painted.^[2] The structure can accommodate 300 members, and on High Holy Days it had large congregations attending. However, on Shabbat, not more than 50 attended services. There is also a mikvah (bath) present nearby for the religious to purify themselves.^[6]

References

^ "Hidden history". DNA India. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Maharashtra - Shaar Harahamim Synagogue". Indian Jewish Heritage Center. 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Indian Synagogues". Jewish India. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
^ Masih, Archana (11 September 2003). "For these Jews, Mumbai is the chosen land". The Rediff Special. Rediff.com. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
^ ^a ^b "Mumbai B Ward Plan". Department of Relief and Rehabilitation, Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Goldstein, Israel (1984). My World as a Jew. Associated University Presses. ISBN 0-8453-4780-2.
^ Rowland, Joan G. (1008). The Jewish Communities of India: Identity in a Colonial Era. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-7658-0439-5.
^ ^a ^b Datta, Rangan (3 October 2020). "Inside the synagogues of Mumbai". Retrieved 21 January 2021.