Frohwerk v. United States
1919 United States Supreme Court case
Frohwerk v. United States , 249 U.S. 204 (1919), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the conviction of a newspaperman for violating the Espionage Act of 1917 in connection with criticism of U.S. involvement in foreign wars.
In a unanimous decision written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes , the Court found that this criticism constituted the "willful obstruction" of America's recruitment efforts and was not protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution .
As in Schenck v. United States , also decided in 1919, the speech might have been protected were the country not at war.[ 1]
References
External links
Text of Frohwerk v. United States , 249 U.S. 204 (1919) is available from: Findlaw Google Scholar Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)
Public displays and ceremonies Statutory religious exemptions Public funding Religion in public schools Private religious speech Internal church affairs Taxpayer standing Blue laws Other
Unprotected speech
Incitement and sedition Defamation andfalse speech Fighting words and the heckler's veto True threats Obscenity
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Organizations Future Conduct Solicitation Membership restriction Primaries and elections