Fall of Tlemcen (1518)

Fall of Tlemcen
Date	January – May 1518
Location	Tlemcen, Algeria
Result	Hispano-Zayyanid victory Restoration of Abu Hammou to the throne of the Kingdom of Tlemcen.;
Territorial; changes	Tlemcen is recaptured by the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen
Belligerents
Regency of Algiers	Kingdom of Spain; Kingdom of Tlemcen
Commanders and leaders
Oruç Reis †	Don Martin d'Argote; Abu Hammou
Strength
6,500 soldiers	10,000 soldiers

The fall of Tlemcen occurred in 1518, when the Ottoman admiral Oruç Barbarossa captured the city of Tlemcen from its sultan, Abu Zayan, the last member of the Banu Zayan lineage.^[1]

The fall of Tlemcen followed the capture of Ténès, also by Oruç and his brother, Hayreddin.^[1] The Sultan of Tlemcen then fled to Fez in Morocco.^[1] Oruç crowned himself king of Tlemcen.^[1] The only survivor of Abu Zayan's dynasty was Sheikh Buhammud, who escaped to Oran and called for Spain's assistance.

This victory put Oruç in control of the backcountry behind the Spanish base of Oran, which greatly threatened their usual supply routes.^[1] This victory put Oruç in control of a considerable territory, the size of colonial French Algeria.^[2]

The Spanish however soon reacted in 1518 by launching an attack on Tlemcen, which was 70 miles (110 km) away from Oran, and managed to corner and kill Oruç. They took possession of the region of Tlemcen.^[1]

Soon however, the king of Morocco raised a considerable army and marched on Tlemcen, expelling the Spanish.^[1]

The Ottomans would again exert direct influence in Tlemcen from 1553.^[3] That year, the Wattassid ruler of Morocco Sultan Ahmad was taken prisoner by his rivals, the sharifian Saadians. His successor, Ali Abu Hassun, regent for Ahmad's young son Nasir al-Qasiri, decided to pledge allegiance to the Ottomans in order to obtain their support.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "The town of Tenes fell into the hands of the brothers, with an immense booty, and then Uruj marched on Tlemcen. The Sultan of Tlemcen, the last of the royal race of the Banu Zayan, did not await the coming of the corsair." in Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean by E. Hamilton Currey p. 72ff
^ "With the fall of Tlemcen Uruj became master of a territory as large as the modern French colony of Algeria, and his exploits made many of the rulers about the Mediterranean quake in their shoes." in The book of pirates Henry Gilbert, 207-208
^ ^a ^b A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p.155ff