Demographics of Slovakia
Demographics of Slovakia Population 5,428,797 (2023)[1] Growth rate 3.60% (2022 est.) Birth rate 9.7 births/1,000 population Death rate 11.0 deaths/1,000 population Life expectancy 78.31 years • male 74.83 years • female 82.04 years Fertility rate 1.57 children Infant mortality rate 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births Net migration rate 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population Total 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.) Nationality Slovak
Population density in Slovakia, by district .
Historical population Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1848 2,442,000 — 1869 2,481,811 +0.08% 1880 2,477,521 −0.02% 1890 2,595,180 +0.47% 1900 2,782,925 +0.70% 1910 2,916,657 +0.47% 1921 2,993,859 +0.24% 1930 3,324,111 +1.17% 1946 3,327,803 +0.01% 1950 3,442,317 +0.85% 1961 4,174,046 +1.77% 1970 4,537,290 +0.93% 1980 4,991,168 +0.96% 1991 5,274,335 +0.50% 2001 5,379,455 +0.20% 2011 5,397,036 +0.03% 2021 5,449,270 +0.10% Source:
Demographic features of the population of Slovakia include population density , ethnicity , education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.
Population
Total population: 5,795,199 as of 2023.
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.[2]
One birth every 10 minutes
One death every 9 minutes
One net migrant every 480 minutes
Net gain of one person every 1440 minutes
Population over time
Census Date
Population
Population Density (per km2 )
1848
2,442,000 (est.)
50
1869
2,481,811
51
1880
2,477,521
51
1890
2,595,180
53
1900
2,782,925
57
1910
2,916,657
60
February 15, 1921
2,993,859
61
December 1, 1930
3,324,111
68
October 4, 1946
3,327,803
68
March 1, 1950
3,442,317
70
March 1, 1961
4,174,046
85
December 1, 1970
4,537,290
93
November 1, 1980
4,991,168
102
March 3, 1991
5,274,335
108
May 26, 2001
5,379,455
110
May 21, 2011
5,397,036
110
June 13, 2021
5,449,270
111
Population growth rate
-0.08% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 202nd
Fertility
Slovakia total fertility rate by region (2014) 1.5 - 1.7
1.4 - 1.5
1.3 - 1.4
< 1.3
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation .[3]
Years
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890[3]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia
5.96
5.96
5.92
5.87
5.83
5.78
5.74
5.77
5.8
5.83
5.86
5.9
5.83
5.76
5.7
Years
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900[3]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia
5.63
5.56
5.54
5.52
5.5
5.49
5.47
5.42
5.37
5.31
Years
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910[3]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia
5.26
5.21
5.16
5.1
5.04
4.99
4.93
4.86
4.78
4.71
Years
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918[3]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia
4.63
4.56
4.13
3.7
3.28
2.85
2.43
3.03
1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.2 years (2019 est.)
Life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia
total population: 78.07 years
male: 74.56 years
female: 81.82 years (2021 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.13% (male 423,180 /female 400,128)
15-24 years: 10.06% (male 280,284 /female 266,838)
25-54 years: 44.61% (male 1,228,462 /female 1,198,747)
55-64 years: 13.15% (male 342,142 /female 373,452)
65 years and over: 17.05% (male 366,267 /female 561,120) (2020 est.)
Median age
total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st
male: 40.1 years
female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)
Vital statistics
Population (from 1980 December 31)
Live births
Deaths
Natural change
Births (per 1000)
Deaths (per 1000)
Natural change (per 1000)
Curde migration change (per 1000)
Fertility rates
Induced abortions
1919
2,940,000
91,729
56,866
34,863
31.2
19.3
11.9
3.64
1920
3,001,000
97,680
61,084
36,596
32.6
20.4
12.2
8.5
4.25
1921
3,006,000
114,947
63,507
51,440
38.2
21.1
17.1
-15.4
4.96
1922
3,046,000
111,059
62,902
48,157
36.5
20.7
15.8
-2.5
4.67
1923
3,095,000
111,070
54,176
56,894
35.9
17.5
18.4
-2.5
4.55
1924
3,135,000
106,062
56,322
49,740
33.8
18.0
15.9
-2.3
4.25
1925
3,168,000
102,867
56,171
46,696
32.5
17.7
14.7
-4.2
4.01
1926
3,202,000
103,955
59,701
44,254
32.5
18.6
13.8
-3.1
3.98
1927
3,232,000
99,891
59,172
40,719
30.9
18.3
12.6
-3.2
3.76
1928
3,258,000
99,673
58,320
41,353
30.6
17.9
12.7
-4.7
3.69
1929
3,286,000
95,387
56,447
38,940
29.0
17.2
11.9
-3.3
3.48
1930
3,315,000
96,898
52,268
44,630
29.2
15.8
13.5
-4.7
3.49
1931
3,350,000
93,309
54,273
39,036
27.9
16.2
11.7
-1.1
3.33
1932
3,388,000
93,140
52,992
40,148
27.5
15.6
11.9
-0.6
3.29
1933
3,424,000
84,975
50,655
34,320
24.8
14.8
10.0
0.6
2.96
1934
3,456,000
83,493
50,178
33,315
24.2
14.5
9.6
-0.3
2.86
1935
3,486,000
82,382
49,830
32,552
23.6
14.3
9.3
-0.6
2.8
1936
3,515,000
80,923
48,547
32,376
23.0
13.8
9.2
-0.6
2.79
1937
3,540,000
79,862
49,527
30,335
22.6
14.0
8.6
-1.5
2.77
1938
3,726,000
80,800
49,700
31,100
21.7
13.3
8.3
44.2
2.8
1939
3,577,000
81,200
48,800
32,400
22.7
13.6
9.1
-49.1
2.83
1940
3,553,000
85,300
52,900
32,400
24.0
14.9
9.1
15.8
2.87
1941
3,542,000
85,700
53,600
32,100
24.2
15.1
9.1
-12.2
2.9
1942
3,523,000
87,200
55,900
31,300
24.8
15.9
8.9
-14.3
2.93
1943
3,503,000
87,700
50,900
36,800
25.0
14.5
10.5
-16.2
2.96
1944
3,484,000
91,600
58,100
33,500
26.3
16.7
9.6
-15.0
3
1945
3,459,000
81,880
67,505
14,375
23.7
19.5
4.2
-11.4
3.03
1946
3,392,000
82,204
47,589
34,615
24.2
14.0
10.2
-29.6
3.09
1947
3,399,000
87,659
41,491
46,168
25.8
12.2
13.6
-11.5
3.21
1948
3,446,000
91,189
40,873
50,316
26.5
11.9
14.6
-0.8
3.24
1949
3,447,000
91,053
41,727
49,326
26.4
12.1
14.3
-14.0
3.28
1950
3,463,000
99,721
39,668
60,053
28.8
11.5
17.4
-12.8
3.56
1951
3,509,000
100,663
40,505
60,158
28.5
11.5
17.0
-3.7
3.58
1952
3,558,000
100,824
36,897
63,927
28.0
10.2
17.7
-3.7
3.57
1953
3,599,000
99,124
35,598
63,526
26.9
9.7
17.3
-5.8
3.50
1954
3,661,000
98,310
34,866
63,444
26.2
9.3
16.9
0.3
3.45
1955
3,727,000
99,305
32,917
66,388
26.0
8.6
17.4
0.6
3.47
1956
3,787,000
99,467
32,815
66,652
25.5
8.4
17.1
-1.0
3.46
1957
3,844,000
97,311
35,755
61,556
24.5
9.0
15.5
-0.4
3.34
1958
3,900,000
93,272
32,106
61,166
23.1
7.9
15.1
-0.5
3.25
12,383
1959
3,946,000
87,991
34,077
53,914
21.5
8.3
13.1
-1.3
3.07
17,217
1960
3,994,000
88,412
31,609
56,803
22.1
7.9
14.2
-2.0
3.08
20,738
1961
4,182,000
87,359
31,403
55,956
21.6
7.8
13.8
33.3
3.04
24,244
1962
4,238,000
83,899
34,398
49,501
19.8
8.1
11.7
1.7
2.84
23,784
1963
4,282,000
87,158
32,978
54,180
20.4
7.7
12.7
-2.3
2.95
19,076
1964
4,327,000
86,878
32,875
54,003
20.1
7.6
12.5
-2.0
2.91
19,174
1965
4,371,000
84,257
35,910
48,347
19.3
8.2
11.1
-0.9
2.80
21,037
1966
4,412,000
81,453
36,357
45,096
18.5
8.2
10.2
-0.8
2.68
24,445
1967
4,449,000
77,537
35,458
42,079
17.4
8.0
9.5
-1.1
2.50
26,571
1968
4,484,000
76,370
38,076
38,294
17.0
8.5
8.5
-0.6
2.40
27,398
1969
4,519,000
79,769
40,623
39,146
17.7
9.0
8.7
-0.9
2.43
28,534
1970
4,550,000
80,666
42,240
38,426
17.7
9.3
8.4
-1.5
2.40
27,873
1971
4,557,000
83,062
42,856
40,206
18.2
9.4
8.8
-7.3
2.42
28,619
1972
4,597,000
87,794
41,410
46,384
19.1
9.0
10.1
-1.3
2.49
26,213
1973
4,641,000
92,953
43,759
49,194
20.0
9.4
10.6
-1.0
2.56
25,335
1974
4,690,000
97,585
44,934
52,651
20.8
9.6
11.2
-0.6
2.60
26,086
1975
4,739,000
97,649
45,248
52,401
20.6
9.5
11.1
-0.7
2.53
26,160
1976
4,790,000
99,814
45,420
54,394
20.8
9.5
11.4
-0.6
2.52
27,700
1977
4,841,000
99,533
47,181
52,352
20.6
9.7
10.8
-0.2
2.47
27,875
1978
4,890,000
100,193
47,778
52,415
20.5
9.8
10.7
-0.6
2.45
28,641
1979
4,939,000
100,240
47,837
52,403
20.3
9.7
10.6
-0.6
2.44
29,981
1980
4,996,000[4]
95,100
50,579
44,521
19.1
10.1
8.9
2.6
2.31
31,240
1981
5,036,000
93,290
49,632
43,658
18.6
9.9
8.7
-0.7
2.28
31,943
1982
5,074,000
92,618
50,393
42,225
18.3
10.0
8.4
-0.9
2.26
33,107
1983
5,110,000
92,053
52,433
39,620
18.1
10.3
7.8
-0.7
2.27
33,625
1984
5,145,000
90,843
51,739
39,104
17.7
10.1
7.6
-0.8
2.25
34,268
1985
5,179,000
90,155
52,464
37,691
17.5
10.2
7.3
-0.7
2.26
36,283
1986
5,209,000
87,138
53,233
33,905
16.8
10.3
6.5
-0.7
2.20
40,624
1987
5,237,000
84,006
52,980
31,026
16.1
10.1
5.9
-0.5
2.18
49,690
1988
5,264,000
83,242
52,475
30,767
15.9
10.0
5.9
-0.7
2.15
51,000
1989
5,288,000
80,116
53,902
26,214
15.2
10.2
5.0
-0.4
2.08
48,602
1990
5,311,000
79,989
54,619
25,370
15.1
10.3
4.8
-0.5
2.09
48,437
1991
5,296,000
78,569
54,618
23,951
14.9
10.3
4.5
-7.3
2.05
45,902
1992
5,314,000
74,640
53,423
21,217
14.1
10.1
4.0
-0.6
1.99
42,626
1993
5,336,000
73,256
52,707
20,549
13.8
9.9
3.9
0.2
1.93
38,815
1994
5,356,000
66,370
51,386
14,984
12.4
9.6
2.8
0.9
1.67
34,883
1995
5,368,000
61,427
52,686
8,741
11.5
9.8
1.6
0.6
1.52
29,409
1996
5,379,000
60,123
51,236
8,887
11.2
9.5
1.7
0.3
1.47
25,173
1997
5,388,000
59,310
52,080
7,230
11.0
9.7
1.3
0.4
1.43
22,318
1998
5,393,000
57,582
53,156
4,426
10.7
9.9
0.8
0.1
1.37
21,109
1999
5,399,000
56,223
52,402
3,821
10.4
9.7
0.7
0.4
1.33
19,949
2000
5,403,000
55,151
52,724
2,427
10.2
9.8
0.4
0.3
1.29
18,468
2001
5,379,000
51,136
51,980
-844
9.5
9.7
-0.2
-4.2
1.20
18,026
2002
5,379,000
50,841
51,532
-691
9.5
9.6
-0.1
0.1
1.19
17,382
2003
5,380,000
51,713
52,230
-517
9.6
9.7
-0.1
0.3
1.20
16,222
2004
5,385,000
53,747
51,852
1,895
10.0
9.6
0.4
0.5
1.24
15,307
2005
5,389,000
54,430
53,475
955
10.1
9.9
0.2
0.5
1.25
14,427
2006
5,394,000
53,904
53,301
603
10.0
9.9
0.1
0.8
1.24
14,243
2007
5,401,000
54,424
53,856
568
10.1
10.0
0.1
1.2
1.26
13,424
2008
5,412,000
57,360
53,164
4,196
10.6
9.8
0.8
1.2
1.32
13,394
2009
5,425,000
61,217
52,913
8,304
11.3
9.8
1.5
0.9
1.41
13,240
2010
5,435,000
60,410
53,445
6,965
11.1
9.8
1.3
0.5
1.40
12,582
2011
5,404,000
60,813
51,903
8,910
11.3
9.6
1.7
-7.4
1.45
11,789
2012
5,411,000
55,535
52,437
3,098
10.3
9.7
0.6
0.7
1.34
11,214
2013
5,416,000
54,823
52,089
2,734
10.1
9.6
0.5
0.4
1.34
11,105
2014
5,421,000
55,033
51,346
3,687
10.2
9.5
0.7
0.2
1.37
10,582
2015
5,426,000
55,604
53,826
1,778
10.3
9.9
0.4
0.5
1.40
10,058
2016
5,435,000
57,557
52,351
5,206
10.6
9.6
1.0
0.7
1.48
9,390
2017[5] [6]
5,443,000
57,969
53,914
4,055
10.7
9.9
0.8
0.7
1.52
9,083
2018
5,450,000
57,639
54,293
3,346
10.6
10.0
0.6
0.7
1.54
9,039
2019
5,458,000
57,054
53,234
3,820
10.5
9.8
0.7
1.4
1.56
6,682
2020[7]
5,459,781
56,650
59,089
-2,439
10.4
10.8
-0.4
0.8
1.59
6,180
2021
5,434,712
56,565
73,461
-16,896
10.4
13.5
-3.1
-1.5
1.64
5,552
2022
5,428,800
52,668
59,583
-6,915
9.7
11.0
-1.3
0.2
1.57
5,891
2023
5,424,687[8]
48,627
54,133
-5,506
9.0
10.0
-1.0
0.3
Current vital statistics
[9]
Period
Live births
Deaths
Natural increase
January - March 2023
11,923
14,375
-2,452
January - March 2024
11,596
14,092
-2,496
Difference
-327 (-2.74%)
-283 (-1.97%)
-44
Structure of the population
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021):
[10]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
2 666 486
2 793 295
5 459 781
100
0–4
151 050
143 932
294 982
5.40
5–9
148 703
141 292
289 995
5.31
10–14
145 175
138 142
283 317
5.19
15–19
134 762
127 412
262 174
4.80
20–24
146 693
139 514
286 207
5.24
25–29
178 989
171 583
350 572
6.42
30–34
205 583
197 417
403 000
7.38
35–39
223 148
210 774
433 922
7.95
40–44
233 997
219 935
453 932
8.31
45–49
210 693
203 524
414 217
7.59
50–54
172 944
172 772
345 716
6.33
55–59
174 312
181 729
356 041
6.52
60–64
167 771
185 911
353 682
6.48
65-69
150 908
184 068
334 976
6.14
70-74
103 829
143 803
247 632
4.54
75-79
59 778
100 517
160 295
2.94
80-84
34 122
69 918
104 040
1.91
85-89
16 505
40 150
56 655
1.04
90-94
5 395
15 678
21 073
0.39
95-99
1 462
4 076
5 538
0.10
100+
667
1 148
1 815
0.03
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
444 928
423 366
868 294
15.90
15–64
1 848 892
1 810 571
3 659 463
67.03
65+
372 666
559 358
932 024
17.07
Languages
Slovak (official) 81.77%, Hungarian 8.48%, Roma 1.84%, Rusyn 0.71%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2021 census)
Employment and income
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
Total: 19.4%. Country comparison to the world: 81st
Male: 18.3%
Female: 21.2% (2020 est.)
Ethnic groups
Ethnic composition within the territory of modern Slovakia in 1910
Ethnic structure of Slovakia according to Census 2011
Linguistic structure of Slovakia in 2021
The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (83.82%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (7.75%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups include Roma (1.23%), Czechs , Croats , Rusyns , Ukrainians , Germans , Poles , Gorals , Serbs [11] and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).
While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement. Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population. In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions. The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%). Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.[citation needed ]
Population of Slovakia according to ethnic group 1950–2021 [12] [13]
Ethnic group
census 1950
census 1961
census 1970
census 1980
census 1991
census 2001
census 2011
census 2021[14]
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Slovaks
86.6
85.3
85.5
4,317,008
86.5
4,519,328
85.7
4,614,854
85.8
4,352,775
80.7
4,567,547
83.8%
Hungarians
10.3
12.4
12.2
559,490
11.2
567,296
10.8
520,528
9.7
458,467
8.5
422,065
7.7%
Romani 1
-
-
-
-
-
75,802
1.4
89,920
1.7
105,738
2.0
67,179
1.2%
Czechs
1.2
1.1
1.0
57,197
1.1
59,326
1.1
44,620
0.8
30,367
0.6
28,996
0.5%
Rusyns
1.4
-
0.9
36,850
0.7
17,197
0.3
24,201
0.4
33,482
0.6
23,746
0.4%
Ukrainians
13,281
0.3
10,814
0.2
7,430
0.1
9,451
0.2%
Others/undeclared
0.5
1.2
0.4
20,623
0.4
22,105
0.4
74,518
1.4
408,777
7.5
330,286
6.1%
Total
3,442,317
4,174,046
4,537,290
4,991,168
5,274,335
5,379,455
5,397,036
5,450,421
1 Before 1991 the Romani were not recognized as a separate ethnic group
The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.
Despite its modern European economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element. About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.
Immigration
Foreign residents:[15]
2023
Total
294,067
Ukraine
165,041
Serbia
19,065
Czechia
12,702
Hungary
9,606
Vietnam
8,448
Russia
8,092
Romania
6,756
Poland
6,072
Germany
4,497
Georgia
4,245
North Macedonia
3,510
Italy
2,977
China
2,791
United Kingdom
2,706
India
2,586
Austria
2,580
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1,753
Bulgaria
1,602
France
1,540
South Korea
1,497
Belarus
1,319
Albania
1,224
Kazakhstan
1,223
Spain
1,184
Iran
1,179
Turkey
1,176
United States
1,147
Croatia
1,100
Kyrgyzstan
1,033
Others/undeclared
15,416
Slovakia Net migration, 1993-present
Year
Immigrants
Emigrants
Net Migration
1993
9,106
7,355
1,751
1995
3,055
213
2,842
1996
2,477
222
2,255
1997
2,303
572
1,731
1998
2,052
746
1,306
1999
2,072
618
1,454
2000
2,274
811
1,463
2001
2,023
1,011
1,012
2002
2,312
1,411
901
2003
2,603
1,194
1,409
2004
4,460
1,586
2,874
2005
5,276
1,873
3,403
2006
5,589
1,735
3,854
2007
8,624
1,831
6,793
2008
8,765
1,705
7,060
2009
6,346
1,979
4,367
2010
5,272
1,889
3,383
2011
4,829
1,863
2,966
2012
5,419
2,003
3,416
2013
5,149
2,770
2,379
2014
5,357
3,644
1,713
2015
6,997
3,870
3,127
2016
7,686
3,801
3,885
2017
7,188
3,466
3,722
2018
7,253
3,298
3,955
2019
7,016
3,384
3,632
2020
6,775
2,428
4,347
2021
5,733
3,395
2,338
2022
5,463
4,468
995
2023
5,923
4,522
1,401
[16]
Religion
Religious structure of Slovakia in 2011
The Slovak constitution guarantees freedom of religion . The majority of Slovak citizens (55,76%) practice Roman Catholicism ; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (23.79%). About 5.27% are Protestants , 4% are Greek Catholics , and 0.93% are Orthodox and Reformed Christian Church 1.56% (2021 census).
See also
References
External links
Sovereign states States with limited recognition Dependencies and other entities Other entities