Dehradun district

Dehradun district
District
Clockwise from top: Ganga in Rishikesh, War memorial in Indian Military Academy, Valley near Nag Tibba, Bandarpunch from Lal Tibba, Mahasu Devta Temple in Hanol, Forest Research Institute
Location in Uttarakhand
Dehradun district
Coordinates: 30.38°N 77.97°E / 30.38; 77.97
Country	India
State	Uttarakhand
Division	Garhwal
Headquarters	Dehradun
Government
• District Magistrate	Dr. R. Rajesh Kumar, IAS
• SSP	Janmaijai Prabhakar Kailash, IPS
Area
• Total	3,088 km^2 (1,192 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	1,696,694
• Density	550/km^2 (1,400/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Garhwali
• Native	Garhwali, Jaunsari
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration	UK 07
Website	dehradun.nic.in

Dehradun district (pronunciation^ⓘ) is a district in Garhwal which is a part of Uttarakhand state in northern India. The district headquarters is Dehradun, which has also served as the interim capital of Uttarakhand since its founding in 2000. The district has 6 tehsils, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages, and 18 unpopulated villages. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Uttarakhand (out of 13), after Haridwar.^[1] Dehradun district also includes the prominent towns of Rishikesh, Mussoorie, Landour and Chakrata. The district stretches from the Ganges river in the east to the Yamuna river in the west, and from the Terai and Shivaliks in the south and southeast to the Great Himalaya in the northwest. During the days of British Raj, the official name of the district was Dehra Dun.^[2] In 1842, Dun was attached to Saharanpur district and placed under an officer subordinate to the Collector of the district but since 1871 it is being administered as separate district.

Dehradun is located 230 km from the national capital, Delhi. The National Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Survey of India, and many educational institutions like Doon University, Uttrakhand Technical Institute, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Uttaranchal University, Forest Research Institute, Wildlife Institute of India, Rashtriya Indian Military College and Indian Military Academy are also situated here. Basmati rice, tea and litchi orchards are some of the major agricultural crops.

The region was seized as a war spoil from the Maharaja of Tehri-Garhwal as a consequence of the Gurkha War of 1814–16, and attached administratively to Saharanpur District to its immediate south, which was already in British hands.

History

See also: Timli state

Dehradun includes various Puranic stories and cultures. It is mentioned in the Ramayana that Lord Rama, along with brother Lakshmana, came to the area after defeating Ravana, the Rakshasa king of Lanka. The area is also linked to Dronacharya, the guru of the Kauravas and Pandavas in the Mahabharata. The area of Rishikesh is mentioned in the Skanda Purana as having been given to rishis (sages) by Lord Vishnu after killing the asuras Madhu-Kaitabha and their companions who tormented the rishis. Ancient temples, statues and archaeological remains have been found at the sites in and around the area that are mentioned in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. These remains have been dated to be approximately 2000 years old.

The location of the area, the ancient traditions and customs still followed here, folk songs coming down from generations, and their contemporaneous literature point to the fact that the area witnessed various events during the periods of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Pandavas held influence over the region after the battle of the Mahabharata and the area was ruled by the descendants of Subahu as administrators under the Kuru Kingdom at Hastinapura. The discovery of Ashokan edicts at Kalsi near Dehradun show that the area was quite prosperous. Huen Tsang also observed Kalsi as Sudhanagara in the 7th century AD. Archaeological remains from the time of Raja Rasal have been found at Haripur near Kalsi.

The area was attacked by Mahmud Ghaznavi, Timur in 1368. Guru Ram Rai, the errant eldest son of the seventh Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Har Rai, established his 'Dera' (camp) in the Dun Doon Valley around 1676 and the town that grew around this 'Dera' has come to be known as 'Dehradun'. He founded his own Udasi Panth (sect) and received support from Aurangzeb. Rohilla chieftain Najib ad-Dawlah in 1757 and Ghulam Kadir in 1785. This kept the area in disarray till 1801. The British captured the area in 1816 and founded the cities of Landour and Mussourie in 1827–28. The district was added to the Garhwal division in the 1970s. It was established as the capital of Uttarakhand after the establishment of the state as Uttaranchal in the year 2000.

Timli State

This State Founded in the mid-15th century by Chaudhary Ram Singh, a member of the Chokar family of Hindu Gurjars, the state remained under the rule of this dynasty until its eventual annexation.^[3][4] In 1548, two prominent Chhokar Goojur (Gurjar)chieftains, Phoda Singh and Lal Karan, from the Titron region in Saharanpur district, crossed the Sivalik hills, conquered the entire Dehradun area, and established the Timli state. They also founded a town named Timli.^[5][6] Bhagwan Singh was the majestic king of the Chhokar family of Timli. He had the status of a magistrate and he used to fix the prices of agricultural products of north india^[7] When the British Raj entered this area under the Arazi-i-Bandobasti land settlement, they took control of the area around Dehradun, while the rest of the state remained under local rule. By 1830, Bhagwan Singh was the king of Timli state. His only descendant, a daughter named Satyaditi, became the ruler after him.^{[8] [9]}

Raja Ranjit Singh Khatana of Samthar state, born in 1943, was married at a young age to a princess from the Chhokar Gurjar family, which ruled Timli state in Dehradun.^[10][11]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	177,465	—
1911	204,534	+1.43%
1921	211,877	+0.35%
1931	229,850	+0.82%
1941	265,786	+1.46%
1951	361,689	+3.13%
1961	429,014	+1.72%
1971	577,306	+3.01%
1981	761,668	+2.81%
1991	1,025,679	+3.02%
2001	1,282,143	+2.26%
2011	1,696,694	+2.84%
source:[12]

Religions in Dehradun district (2011)[13] Religion Percent Hinduism   83.98% Islam   11.91% Sikhism   2.15% Christianity   0.79% Buddhism   0.69% Other or not stated   0.48% Distribution of religions

^{[needs update]}As of the 2011 Census of India, Dehradun district has highest population (1,698,560) in Uttarakhand.^[1] The Decadal growth rate has jumped up from 25% (1991–2001) to 32.48% (2001–2011). This is the third highest in Uttarakhand after Haridwar (33.16%) and Udham Singh Nagar (33.40%). The district has a gender ratio of 902 as against a state average of 963. This has however improved from 887 in the 2001 census. The population density is 550, again the 3rd highest after Haridwar(817) and Udham Singh Nagar (648). The state average is 189. The literacy rate is the highest in the state at 85.24% (90.32 for males, 79.61 for females)^[14]

According to the 2011 census Dehradun district has a population of 1,698,560,^[1] roughly equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau^[15] or the US state of Idaho.^[16] This gives it a ranking of 290th in India (out of a total of 640).^[1] The district has a population density of 550 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,400/sq mi).^[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 32.48%.^[1] Dehradun has a sex ratio of 902 females for every 1000 males,^[1] and a literacy rate of 85.24%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.48% and 6.57% of the population respectively.^[1]

Languages of Dehradun district (2011)^[17]

  Hindi (59.78%)

  Garhwali (16.83%)

  Jaunsari (7.43%)

  Urdu (3.82%)

  Punjabi (3.36%)

  Nepali (3.32%)

  Kumaoni (1.10%)

  Others (4.36%)

At the 2011 census, 60% of the district's population identified their first language as Hindi, 17% reported being speakers of Garhwali, 7.4% opted for Jaunsari, 3.8% chose Urdu, 3.4% – Punjabi, 3.3% – Nepali, 1.1% – Kumaoni, 0.87% – Bhojpuri, 0.58% – Tibetan, and 0.55% – Bengali.^[17]

Dehradun district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Indian Census.[17]
Mother tongue code	Mother tongue	People	Percentage
002007	Bengali	9,258	0.5%
004001	Dogri	1,549	0.1%
005018	Gujarati	1,481	0.1%
006102	Bhojpuri	14,805	0.9%
006195	Garhwali	285,563	16.8%
006240	Hindi	1,014,363	59.8%
006265	Jaunpuri/Jaunsari	126,098	7.4%
006340	Kumauni	18,597	1.1%
006439	Pahari	5,199	0.3%
006489	Rajasthani	1,113	0.1%
010008	Maithili	1,804	0.1%
010011	Purbi Maithili	988	0.1%
011016	Malayalam	1,217	0.1%
013071	Marathi	2,747	0.2%
014011	Nepali	56,281	3.3%
015043	Odia	1,313	0.1%
016038	Punjabi	56,927	3.4%
020027	Tamil	1,062	0.1%
021046	Telugu	1,230	0.1%
022015	Urdu	64,762	3.8%
029002	Balti	1,168	0.1%
115008	Tibetan	9,892	0.6%
–	Others	19,277	1.1%
Total		1,696,694	100.0%

Assembly constituencies

1. Chakrata
2. Vikasnagar
3. Sahaspur
4. Dharampur
5. Raipur
6. Rajpur Road
7. Dehradun Cantonment
8. Mussoorie
9. Doiwala
10. Rishikesh

Climate

Dehradun
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     47     19 5     55     22 9     52     26 13     21     32 17     54     35 20     230     34 22     631     30 22     627     30 22     261     30 20     32     28 13     11     24 10     3     21 6 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: Climate of Dehradun District
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.9     66 41     2.2     72 48     2     79 55     0.8     90 63     2.1     95 68     9.1     93 72     25     86 72     25     86 72     10     86 68     1.3     82 55     0.4     75 50     0.1     70 43 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Cities and Towns

Cities

1. Dehradun

2. Rishikesh

3. Vikasnagar

4. Mussoorie

Towns

1. Doiwala

2. Selakui

3. Chakrata

4. Herbertpur

5. Dakpathar

6. Sahaspur

7. Harrawala

Culture

Dehradun district is a part of Garhwal region, therefore local culture has been dominant in the district over the past decade. Apart from Garhwali, other languages spoken in the region are Jaunsari, Hindi and English. Blue buses (privately owned and operated) in addition to 3 wheelers are the main mode of transport in the city. Dehradun finds itself split across two central electoral constituencies- Tehri Garhwal (including Mussoorie) and Pauri Garhwal (including Haridwar, Rishikesh).

See also

• Ghamandpur
• Haldwani
• Pantnagar

References

1. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
2. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dehra" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3. "Tareekh Gurjar Vol 5-تاریخ گرجر جلد پنجم.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
4. Handa, O. C. (July 2009). Art & Architecture of Uttarakhand. Pentagon Press. ISBN 978-81-8274-417-2.
5. Chauhan, Rana Ali Hasan (1998). A Short History of the Gurjars: Past and Present. Chauhan Publications. ISBN 978-969-8419-00-4.
6. Walton, h G. Ed (1911). Dehra Dun,a Gazetteer,vol.1.
7. Garhwal Gazetteer. 1910.
8. Murtaza, Mahnoor; Shad, Dr Elizabeth (5 March 2024). "An overview of Ada Jafri's Autobiography "Jo Rahi So Bekhabri Rahi"". Noor e Tahqeeq. 8 (1): 6–17. doi:10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2024.08012136. ISSN 2521-0157.
9. Chauhan, Rana Ali Hasan (1998). A Short History of the Gurjars: Past and Present. Chauhan Publications. ISBN 978-969-8419-00-4.
10. "Tareekh Gurjar Vol 5-تاریخ گرجر جلد پنجم.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
11. Handa, O. C. (July 2009). Art & Architecture of Uttarakhand. Pentagon Press. ISBN 978-81-8274-417-2.
12. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
13. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttarakhand". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
14. "Provisional Population Totals and data products - Census 2011 : Uttarakhand". Census of India. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
15. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est.
16. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Idaho 1,567,582
17. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttarakhand". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.

External links

• Official website
• Dehra Dun District, Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 210, 1909