Climate of Russia
Characteristics of the climate of Russia
Köppen climate types of Russia
The climate of Russia is formed under the influence of several determining factors. The enormous size of the country and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the continental climate , which is prevalent in European and Asian Russia except for the tundra and the extreme southwest. Mountains in the south obstructing the flow of warm air masses from the Indian Ocean and the plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic influences.[1] [2]
Dynamics
Due to the moderating influence of the Atlantic or Pacific , most areas of the country in European Russia , in the south of West Siberia and in the south of the Russian Far East , including the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg , experience a humid continental climate . (Köppen's Dfb, Dfa, Dwb, Dwa, Dsb, Dsa types). Most of Northern European Russia and Siberia between the Scandinavian Peninsula and the Pacific Ocean has a subarctic climate , with extremely severe winters (Dfd, Dwd, Dsd) in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly the Sakha Republic ) with the record low temperature of −67.8 °C or −90.0 °F), and more moderate (Dwc, Dfc, Dsc) elsewhere.
The strip of land along the shore of the Arctic Ocean , as well as the Arctic islands , have a polar climate , namely, an ice cap climate (EF) on some of the islands, and a tundra climate (ET) elsewhere. A small portion of the Black Sea coast, most notably in Sochi , possesses a humid subtropical climate (Köppen's Cfa) with unusually wet winters. Winter is dry compared to summer in many regions of East Siberia and the Far East (Dwa, Dwb, Dwc, Dwd types), while other parts of the country experience more even precipitation across seasons. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow . The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Sea coast, as well as some areas of southernmost Siberia, possess a semi-arid climate (BSk) and an arid climate (BWk).
The city of Kaliningrad has an Oceanic climate (Cfb, Cfc) due to its relatively mild winters (monthly means above −3 °C (27 °F)) and cool summers.
About 65% of the Russian territory is underlain by permafrost .
Temperature records
Climate data for Russia
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
26.7 (80.1)
28.3 (82.9)
33.5 (92.3)
36.8 (98.2)
39.7 (103.5)
43.7 (110.7)
45.4 (113.7)
45.0 (113.0)
41.5 (106.7)
36.3 (97.3)
31.0 (87.8)
28.1 (82.6)
45.4 (113.7)
Record low °C (°F)
−67.8 (−90.0)
−67.8 (−90.0)
−60.6 (−77.1)
−57.2 (−71.0)
−35.8 (−32.4)
−22.2 (−8.0)
−9.3 (15.3)
−17.1 (1.2)
−27.6 (−17.7)
−48.7 (−55.7)
−62.2 (−80.0)
−64.5 (−84.1)
−67.8 (−90.0)
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net - Climate Monitor[3] — Meteo.ru - Baseline Climatological Data Sets[4]
Source 2: NOAA NCDC - Climate Data Online[5]
Extreme highs
Month
Temperature
Date
Location
January
26.7 °C (80.1 °F)
4 January 1979
Derbent , Dagestan Republic
February
28.2 °C (82.8 °F)
28 February 2020
Kasumkent , Dagestan Republic
March
33.5 °C (92.3 °F)
29 March 1901
Maykop , Adygea Republic
April
36.8 °C (98.2 °F)
12 April 1998
Armavir , Krasnodar Krai
May
39.7 °C (103.5 °F)
22 May 2021
Khasavyurt , Republic of Dagestan
June
43.7 °C (110.7 °F)
22 June 2015
Alexandrov Gay , Saratov Oblast
July
45.4 °C (113.7 °F)
12 July 2010
Utta , Kalmykia Republic
August
45 °C (113 °F)
7 August 1940
Lake Elton , Volgograd Oblast
September
41.5 °C (106.7 °F)
2 September 2010
Lake Elton, Volgograd Oblast;Kalininsk, Saratov Oblast
October
36.3 °C (97.3 °F)
2 October 1999
Armavir, Krasnodar Krai;Novoalexandrovsk , Saratov Oblast
November
31.0 °C (87.8 °F)
10 November 2016
Shatoy , Chechen Republic
December
28.1 °C (82.6 °F)
10 December 1998
Buynaksk , Dagestan Republic
Extreme lows
Month
Temperature
Date
Location
January
−67.8 °C (−90.0 °F)
15 January
1885
Verkhoyansk , Sakha Republic
February
−67.8 °C (−90.0 °F)
5,7 February 1892; 6 February 1933
Verkhoyansk , Sakha Republic; Oymyakon, Sakha Republic
March
−60.6 °C (−77.1 °F)
10 March 1954
Oymyakon, Sakha Republic
April
−57.2 °C (−71.0 °F)
2 April 1896
Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic
May
−35.8 °C (−32.4 °F)
2 May 1964
Ilirney , Chukotka AO
June
−22.2 °C (−8.0 °F)
2 June 1964
Strait of Sterlegova, Krasnoyarsk Krai
July
−9.3 °C (15.3 °F)
15 July 1966
Oymyakon, Sakha Republic
August
−17.1 °C (1.2 °F)
31 August 1969
September
−27.6 °C (−17.7 °F)
29 September 1965
Ilirney, Chukotka AO
October
−48.7 °C (−55.7 °F)
29 October 1915
Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic
November
−62.2 °C (−80.0 °F)
29 November 1960
Oymyakon, Sakha Republic
December
−64.5 °C (−84.1 °F)
22 December 1902
Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic
Averages and records by city
Climate data for Arkhangelsk (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
5.0 (41.0)
5.2 (41.4)
12.3 (54.1)
25.3 (77.5)
32.1 (89.8)
33.0 (91.4)
34.4 (93.9)
33.4 (92.1)
27.7 (81.9)
18.3 (64.9)
10.0 (50.0)
5.8 (42.4)
34.4 (93.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−8.4 (16.9)
−7.1 (19.2)
−1.1 (30.0)
5.6 (42.1)
13.1 (55.6)
18.7 (65.7)
22.1 (71.8)
18.6 (65.5)
12.8 (55.0)
5.0 (41.0)
−1.9 (28.6)
−5.3 (22.5)
6.0 (42.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−11.6 (11.1)
−10.7 (12.7)
−5.5 (22.1)
0.8 (33.4)
7.5 (45.5)
13.1 (55.6)
16.5 (61.7)
13.6 (56.5)
8.8 (47.8)
2.5 (36.5)
−4.2 (24.4)
−8.2 (17.2)
1.9 (35.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−15.2 (4.6)
−14.4 (6.1)
−9.7 (14.5)
−3.4 (25.9)
2.5 (36.5)
7.7 (45.9)
11.5 (52.7)
9.3 (48.7)
5.6 (42.1)
0.4 (32.7)
−6.7 (19.9)
−11.3 (11.7)
−2.0 (28.4)
Record low °C (°F)
−45.2 (−49.4)
−41.2 (−42.2)
−37.1 (−34.8)
−27.3 (−17.1)
−13.7 (7.3)
−3.9 (25.0)
−0.5 (31.1)
−4.1 (24.6)
−7.5 (18.5)
−21.1 (−6.0)
−36.5 (−33.7)
−43.2 (−45.8)
−45.2 (−49.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
42 (1.7)
32 (1.3)
31 (1.2)
32 (1.3)
48 (1.9)
65 (2.6)
75 (3.0)
82 (3.2)
62 (2.4)
68 (2.7)
51 (2.0)
48 (1.9)
636 (25.0)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
36 (14)
45 (18)
48 (19)
19 (7.5)
1 (0.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (0.8)
11 (4.3)
24 (9.4)
48 (19)
Average rainy days
2
2
4
10
17
17
18
19
22
19
9
4
143
Average snowy days
27
26
23
13
6
1
0
0.03
1
13
25
28
163
Average relative humidity (%)
85
84
80
72
68
69
75
81
85
88
89
87
80
Mean monthly sunshine hours
13
56
117
193
262
298
301
203
116
59
19
6
1,643
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[6]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[7]
Climate data for Chita (1991–2020, extremes 1890–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
0.4 (32.7)
7.4 (45.3)
18.3 (64.9)
29.3 (84.7)
34.6 (94.3)
38.8 (101.8)
38.0 (100.4)
40.6 (105.1)
30.9 (87.6)
22.7 (72.9)
12.7 (54.9)
5.0 (41.0)
40.6 (105.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−17.2 (1.0)
−9.5 (14.9)
0.0 (32.0)
9.7 (49.5)
18.2 (64.8)
24.9 (76.8)
26.7 (80.1)
23.7 (74.7)
16.8 (62.2)
7.0 (44.6)
−6.0 (21.2)
−15.7 (3.7)
6.6 (43.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−24.6 (−12.3)
−18.3 (−0.9)
−8.1 (17.4)
2.2 (36.0)
10.2 (50.4)
17.1 (62.8)
19.5 (67.1)
16.6 (61.9)
9.2 (48.6)
−0.1 (31.8)
−12.5 (9.5)
−22.1 (−7.8)
−0.9 (30.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−30.4 (−22.7)
−25.9 (−14.6)
−16.0 (3.2)
−5.0 (23.0)
2.2 (36.0)
9.2 (48.6)
12.7 (54.9)
10.4 (50.7)
2.7 (36.9)
−6.0 (21.2)
−18.0 (−0.4)
−27.4 (−17.3)
−7.6 (18.3)
Record low °C (°F)
−49.6 (−57.3)
−48.0 (−54.4)
−45.3 (−49.5)
−29.6 (−21.3)
−13.3 (8.1)
−5.4 (22.3)
0.1 (32.2)
−9.2 (15.4)
−10.8 (12.6)
−33.1 (−27.6)
−41.1 (−42.0)
−47.8 (−54.0)
−49.6 (−57.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
3 (0.1)
2 (0.1)
4 (0.2)
12 (0.5)
27 (1.1)
59 (2.3)
88 (3.5)
85 (3.3)
41 (1.6)
10 (0.4)
5 (0.2)
5 (0.2)
341 (13.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
7 (2.8)
7 (2.8)
2 (0.8)
1 (0.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (1.2)
6 (2.4)
7 (2.8)
Average rainy days
0
0
1
5
11
16
18
17
13
5
0.2
0
86
Average snowy days
15
9
8
7
3
0.03
0
0
1
7
11
15
76
Average relative humidity (%)
76
72
59
47
46
58
68
73
66
61
70
77
64
Mean monthly sunshine hours
139
179
239
242
277
279
247
226
212
190
134
108
2,472
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[8]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[9]
Climate data for Irkutsk (1991–2020, extremes 1820–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
2.3 (36.1)
10.2 (50.4)
20.0 (68.0)
29.2 (84.6)
34.5 (94.1)
35.6 (96.1)
37.2 (99.0)
34.7 (94.5)
29.7 (85.5)
25.6 (78.1)
14.4 (57.9)
5.3 (41.5)
37.2 (99.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−12.7 (9.1)
−7.5 (18.5)
1.2 (34.2)
10.5 (50.9)
18.1 (64.6)
23.8 (74.8)
25.7 (78.3)
22.9 (73.2)
16.1 (61.0)
7.9 (46.2)
−2.7 (27.1)
−10.8 (12.6)
7.7 (45.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−17.6 (0.3)
−14.1 (6.6)
−5.5 (22.1)
3.6 (38.5)
10.4 (50.7)
16.4 (61.5)
19.0 (66.2)
16.4 (61.5)
9.5 (49.1)
2.0 (35.6)
−7.6 (18.3)
−15.4 (4.3)
1.4 (34.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−21.4 (−6.5)
−19.1 (−2.4)
−11.1 (12.0)
−1.9 (28.6)
3.7 (38.7)
10.1 (50.2)
13.5 (56.3)
11.4 (52.5)
4.6 (40.3)
−2.4 (27.7)
−11.5 (11.3)
−19.1 (−2.4)
−3.6 (25.5)
Record low °C (°F)
−49.7 (−57.5)
−44.7 (−48.5)
−37.3 (−35.1)
−31.8 (−25.2)
−14.3 (6.3)
−6 (21)
0.4 (32.7)
−2.7 (27.1)
−11.9 (10.6)
−30.5 (−22.9)
−40.4 (−40.7)
−46.3 (−51.3)
−49.7 (−57.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
14 (0.6)
9 (0.4)
12 (0.5)
21 (0.8)
36 (1.4)
69 (2.7)
107 (4.2)
96 (3.8)
53 (2.1)
21 (0.8)
20 (0.8)
19 (0.7)
477 (18.8)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
24 (9.4)
28 (11)
18 (7.1)
1 (0.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (0.4)
8 (3.1)
18 (7.1)
28 (11)
Average rainy days
0
0.04
1
9
15
18
18
17
16
9
2
0
105
Average snowy days
21
16
13
11
3
0.2
0
0
2
10
20
23
119
Average relative humidity (%)
82
76
65
56
55
67
74
78
76
73
79
85
72
Mean monthly sunshine hours
93
149
207
223
266
264
243
218
182
152
93
62
2,142
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[10]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[11]
Climate data for Kaliningrad (1991–2020, extremes 1848–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
12.7 (54.9)
16.9 (62.4)
23.0 (73.4)
28.5 (83.3)
30.6 (87.1)
34.0 (93.2)
36.3 (97.3)
36.5 (97.7)
33.8 (92.8)
26.4 (79.5)
19.4 (66.9)
13.3 (55.9)
36.5 (97.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1.1 (34.0)
2.1 (35.8)
6.1 (43.0)
13.1 (55.6)
18.2 (64.8)
21.3 (70.3)
23.5 (74.3)
23.3 (73.9)
18.4 (65.1)
12.2 (54.0)
6.2 (43.2)
2.6 (36.7)
12.3 (54.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−1.2 (29.8)
−0.6 (30.9)
2.4 (36.3)
7.9 (46.2)
12.7 (54.9)
16.1 (61.0)
18.5 (65.3)
18.1 (64.6)
13.5 (56.3)
8.4 (47.1)
3.9 (39.0)
0.4 (32.7)
8.3 (46.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−3.5 (25.7)
−3.0 (26.6)
−0.8 (30.6)
3.4 (38.1)
7.5 (45.5)
11.3 (52.3)
13.9 (57.0)
13.3 (55.9)
9.4 (48.9)
5.2 (41.4)
1.7 (35.1)
−1.8 (28.8)
4.7 (40.5)
Record low °C (°F)
−32.5 (−26.5)
−33.3 (−27.9)
−21.7 (−7.1)
−5.8 (21.6)
−3.1 (26.4)
0.7 (33.3)
4.5 (40.1)
1.6 (34.9)
−2.0 (28.4)
−11.2 (11.8)
−18.7 (−1.7)
−25.6 (−14.1)
−33.3 (−27.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
68 (2.7)
54 (2.1)
49 (1.9)
38 (1.5)
52 (2.0)
69 (2.7)
91 (3.6)
91 (3.6)
73 (2.9)
86 (3.4)
76 (3.0)
69 (2.7)
816 (32.1)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
7 (2.8)
7 (2.8)
3 (1.2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (0.8)
5 (2.0)
7 (2.8)
Average rainy days
14
13
14
14
14
16
15
16
17
18
18
16
185
Average snowy days
15
15
10
3
0.1
0
0
0
0
1
7
13
64
Average relative humidity (%)
85
83
78
72
71
74
75
77
81
83
86
87
79
Mean monthly sunshine hours
35
61
120
171
253
264
257
228
158
96
38
26
1,707
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[12]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[13]
Climate data for Khabarovsk (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
0.6 (33.1)
6.3 (43.3)
17.0 (62.6)
28.6 (83.5)
31.5 (88.7)
36.4 (97.5)
35.7 (96.3)
35.6 (96.1)
29.8 (85.6)
26.4 (79.5)
15.5 (59.9)
6.6 (43.9)
36.4 (97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−14.9 (5.2)
−9.9 (14.2)
−1.0 (30.2)
10.5 (50.9)
19.2 (66.6)
23.8 (74.8)
26.8 (80.2)
24.9 (76.8)
19.7 (67.5)
10.6 (51.1)
−2.8 (27.0)
−13.6 (7.5)
7.8 (46.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−19.2 (−2.6)
−14.9 (5.2)
−5.9 (21.4)
4.8 (40.6)
12.9 (55.2)
18.0 (64.4)
21.4 (70.5)
19.9 (67.8)
14.1 (57.4)
5.4 (41.7)
−6.9 (19.6)
−17.4 (0.7)
2.7 (36.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−23.1 (−9.6)
−19.6 (−3.3)
−10.7 (12.7)
−0.1 (31.8)
7.3 (45.1)
12.8 (55.0)
16.8 (62.2)
15.7 (60.3)
9.4 (48.9)
1.0 (33.8)
−10.4 (13.3)
−20.9 (−5.6)
−1.8 (28.8)
Record low °C (°F)
−40.0 (−40.0)
−35.1 (−31.2)
−28.9 (−20.0)
−15.1 (4.8)
−3.1 (26.4)
2.2 (36.0)
6.8 (44.2)
4.9 (40.8)
−3.3 (26.1)
−15.6 (3.9)
−27.7 (−17.9)
−36.7 (−34.1)
−40.0 (−40.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
13 (0.5)
12 (0.5)
22 (0.9)
37 (1.5)
70 (2.8)
84 (3.3)
137 (5.4)
143 (5.6)
85 (3.3)
48 (1.9)
26 (1.0)
19 (0.7)
696 (27.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
14 (5.5)
16 (6.3)
12 (4.7)
1 (0.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (0.4)
5 (2.0)
10 (3.9)
16 (6.3)
Average rainy days
0
0
1
10
16
15
15
17
15
11
2
0
102
Average snowy days
14
11
11
6
1
0
0
0
0.1
4
12
14
73
Average relative humidity (%)
75
72
68
63
65
74
79
83
78
67
69
73
72
Mean monthly sunshine hours
147
181
231
213
242
262
248
217
212
189
159
145
2,446
Source 1: Погода и Климат[14]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[15]
Climate data for Krasnoyarsk (1991–2020, extremes 1891–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
6.0 (42.8)
8.5 (47.3)
18.5 (65.3)
31.4 (88.5)
34.0 (93.2)
34.8 (94.6)
36.4 (97.5)
35.1 (95.2)
31.3 (88.3)
24.5 (76.1)
13.6 (56.5)
8.6 (47.5)
36.4 (97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−11.6 (11.1)
−7.5 (18.5)
0.7 (33.3)
9.3 (48.7)
17.1 (62.8)
23.5 (74.3)
25.2 (77.4)
22.2 (72.0)
14.6 (58.3)
6.7 (44.1)
−3.6 (25.5)
−9.3 (15.3)
7.3 (45.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−15.6 (3.9)
−12.3 (9.9)
−4.9 (23.2)
3.4 (38.1)
10.4 (50.7)
16.9 (62.4)
19.1 (66.4)
16.1 (61.0)
9.1 (48.4)
2.3 (36.1)
−7.3 (18.9)
−13.2 (8.2)
2.0 (35.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−19.2 (−2.6)
−16.3 (2.7)
−9.4 (15.1)
−1.4 (29.5)
4.7 (40.5)
11.1 (52.0)
13.7 (56.7)
11.2 (52.2)
5.0 (41.0)
−1.3 (29.7)
−10.7 (12.7)
−16.9 (1.6)
−2.5 (27.5)
Record low °C (°F)
−52.8 (−63.0)
−41.6 (−42.9)
−38.7 (−37.7)
−25.7 (−14.3)
−11.2 (11.8)
−3.6 (25.5)
3.3 (37.9)
−1.0 (30.2)
−9.6 (14.7)
−25.1 (−13.2)
−42.3 (−44.1)
−47.0 (−52.6)
−52.8 (−63.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
17 (0.7)
15 (0.6)
19 (0.7)
29 (1.1)
48 (1.9)
66 (2.6)
70 (2.8)
76 (3.0)
55 (2.2)
42 (1.7)
39 (1.5)
31 (1.2)
507 (20.0)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
16 (6.3)
16 (6.3)
13 (5.1)
3 (1.2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (0.8)
7 (2.8)
14 (5.5)
16 (6.3)
Average rainy days
0.3
0.4
2
9
17
19
18
18
19
13
4
0.3
120
Average snowy days
24
21
17
14
4
0.1
0
0.03
2
14
23
25
144
Average relative humidity (%)
73
70
64
58
54
64
72
76
75
71
74
73
69
Mean monthly sunshine hours
63
100
171
216
251
280
281
237
160
111
58
41
1,969
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[16]
Source 2: NOAA (sun only 1961–1990)[17]
Climate data for Moscow (VVC ) normals 1991–2020, records 1879–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
8.6 (47.5)
8.3 (46.9)
19.7 (67.5)
28.9 (84.0)
33.2 (91.8)
34.8 (94.6)
38.2 (100.8)
37.3 (99.1)
32.3 (90.1)
24.0 (75.2)
16.2 (61.2)
9.6 (49.3)
38.2 (100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−3.9 (25.0)
−3 (27)
3.0 (37.4)
11.7 (53.1)
19.0 (66.2)
22.4 (72.3)
24.7 (76.5)
22.7 (72.9)
16.4 (61.5)
8.9 (48.0)
1.6 (34.9)
−2.3 (27.9)
10.1 (50.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−6.2 (20.8)
−5.9 (21.4)
−0.7 (30.7)
6.9 (44.4)
13.6 (56.5)
17.3 (63.1)
19.7 (67.5)
17.6 (63.7)
11.9 (53.4)
5.8 (42.4)
−0.5 (31.1)
−4.4 (24.1)
6.3 (43.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−8.7 (16.3)
−8.8 (16.2)
−4.2 (24.4)
2.3 (36.1)
8.1 (46.6)
12.2 (54.0)
14.8 (58.6)
13.0 (55.4)
8.0 (46.4)
3.0 (37.4)
−2.4 (27.7)
−6.5 (20.3)
2.6 (36.7)
Record low °C (°F)
−42.1 (−43.8)
−38.2 (−36.8)
−32.4 (−26.3)
−21 (−6)
−7.5 (18.5)
−2.3 (27.9)
1.3 (34.3)
−1.2 (29.8)
−8.5 (16.7)
−20.3 (−4.5)
−32.8 (−27.0)
−38.8 (−37.8)
−42.1 (−43.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
53 (2.1)
44 (1.7)
39 (1.5)
37 (1.5)
61 (2.4)
78 (3.1)
84 (3.3)
78 (3.1)
66 (2.6)
70 (2.8)
52 (2.0)
51 (2.0)
713 (28.1)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
24 (9.4)
35 (14)
29 (11)
2 (0.8)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
4 (1.6)
12 (4.7)
35 (14)
Average rainy days
8
6
9
15
16
16
15
16
16
17
13
8
155
Average snowy days
25
23
15
6
1
0
0
0
0.3
5
17
24
116
Average relative humidity (%)
85
81
74
68
67
72
74
78
82
83
86
86
78
Mean monthly sunshine hours
33
72
128
170
265
279
271
238
147
78
32
18
1,731
Percent possible sunshine
14
27
35
40
53
53
52
51
38
24
13
8
34
Average ultraviolet index
0
1
2
3
5
6
6
5
3
1
1
0
3
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net,[18] [19] Thermograph.ru,[20] Meteoweb.ru (sunshine hours)[21]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[22]
Climate data for Murmansk (1991–2020, extremes 1918–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
7.0 (44.6)
6.6 (43.9)
9.0 (48.2)
17.6 (63.7)
29.4 (84.9)
30.8 (87.4)
32.9 (91.2)
30.2 (86.4)
24.2 (75.6)
15.0 (59.0)
9.6 (49.3)
7.2 (45.0)
32.9 (91.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−6.5 (20.3)
−6.4 (20.5)
−1.9 (28.6)
2.9 (37.2)
8.4 (47.1)
13.8 (56.8)
17.7 (63.9)
15.3 (59.5)
10.7 (51.3)
3.6 (38.5)
−1.8 (28.8)
−4.1 (24.6)
4.3 (39.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−9.6 (14.7)
−9.3 (15.3)
−5.1 (22.8)
−0.3 (31.5)
4.6 (40.3)
9.4 (48.9)
13.2 (55.8)
11.5 (52.7)
7.6 (45.7)
1.6 (34.9)
−4.0 (24.8)
−6.8 (19.8)
1.1 (34.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−12.7 (9.1)
−12.3 (9.9)
−8.2 (17.2)
−3.3 (26.1)
1.5 (34.7)
5.9 (42.6)
9.6 (49.3)
8.3 (46.9)
5.1 (41.2)
−0.3 (31.5)
−6.2 (20.8)
−9.6 (14.7)
−1.8 (28.8)
Record low °C (°F)
−39.4 (−38.9)
−38.6 (−37.5)
−32.6 (−26.7)
−24.0 (−11.2)
−10.3 (13.5)
−2.8 (27.0)
1.7 (35.1)
−2.0 (28.4)
−10.1 (13.8)
−21.2 (−6.2)
−32.2 (−26.0)
−34.9 (−30.8)
−39.4 (−38.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
34 (1.3)
24 (0.9)
29 (1.1)
29 (1.1)
37 (1.5)
56 (2.2)
66 (2.6)
71 (2.8)
54 (2.1)
56 (2.2)
36 (1.4)
37 (1.5)
529 (20.8)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
26 (10)
28 (11)
30 (12)
19 (7.5)
2 (0.8)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (1.2)
11 (4.3)
19 (7.5)
30 (12)
Average rainy days
2
2
3
9
18
22
22
22
24
17
5
3
149
Average snowy days
27
26
24
19
14
4
0.03
0.1
2
16
24
27
183
Average relative humidity (%)
84
83
79
73
72
70
75
79
80
83
86
85
79
Mean monthly sunshine hours
3
33
122
182
192
228
236
154
89
47
7
0
1,293
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[23]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[24]
Climate data for Nizhny Novgorod (1991–2020, extremes 1835–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
5.7 (42.3)
7.2 (45.0)
17.3 (63.1)
26.3 (79.3)
32.5 (90.5)
36.3 (97.3)
38.2 (100.8)
38.0 (100.4)
31.0 (87.8)
24.2 (75.6)
13.8 (56.8)
8.5 (47.3)
38.2 (100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−5.9 (21.4)
−4.8 (23.4)
1.5 (34.7)
11.0 (51.8)
19.3 (66.7)
22.7 (72.9)
24.9 (76.8)
22.6 (72.7)
16.2 (61.2)
8.3 (46.9)
0.1 (32.2)
−4.3 (24.3)
9.3 (48.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−8.6 (16.5)
−8.0 (17.6)
−2.2 (28.0)
6.1 (43.0)
13.5 (56.3)
17.3 (63.1)
19.7 (67.5)
17.4 (63.3)
11.7 (53.1)
5.0 (41.0)
−2.1 (28.2)
−6.7 (19.9)
5.3 (41.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−11.1 (12.0)
−10.7 (12.7)
−5.2 (22.6)
2.2 (36.0)
8.6 (47.5)
12.6 (54.7)
15.1 (59.2)
13.2 (55.8)
8.3 (46.9)
2.5 (36.5)
−4.0 (24.8)
−8.9 (16.0)
1.9 (35.4)
Record low °C (°F)
−41.2 (−42.2)
−37.2 (−35.0)
−28.3 (−18.9)
−19.7 (−3.5)
−6.9 (19.6)
−1.8 (28.8)
5.1 (41.2)
0.9 (33.6)
−5.5 (22.1)
−16.0 (3.2)
−30.9 (−23.6)
−41.4 (−42.5)
−41.4 (−42.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
50 (2.0)
40 (1.6)
40 (1.6)
40 (1.6)
42 (1.7)
73 (2.9)
75 (3.0)
68 (2.7)
59 (2.3)
67 (2.6)
52 (2.0)
59 (2.3)
665 (26.2)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
31 (12)
43 (17)
40 (16)
5 (2.0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (0.4)
6 (2.4)
16 (6.3)
43 (17)
Average rainy days
5
4
5
13
17
19
18
18
18
18
10
6
151
Average snowy days
28
24
18
7
1
0.1
0
0
1
8
20
26
133
Average relative humidity (%)
86
81
74
64
60
69
70
74
79
82
87
86
76
Mean monthly sunshine hours
43
79
145
196
275
287
280
238
152
81
38
25
1,839
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[25]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[26]
Climate data for Saint Petersburg (1991–2020, extremes 1743–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
8.7 (47.7)
10.2 (50.4)
15.3 (59.5)
25.3 (77.5)
33.0 (91.4)
35.9 (96.6)
35.3 (95.5)
37.1 (98.8)
30.4 (86.7)
21.0 (69.8)
12.3 (54.1)
10.9 (51.6)
37.1 (98.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−2.5 (27.5)
−2.4 (27.7)
2.3 (36.1)
9.5 (49.1)
16.3 (61.3)
20.5 (68.9)
23.3 (73.9)
21.4 (70.5)
15.9 (60.6)
8.7 (47.7)
2.8 (37.0)
−0.5 (31.1)
9.6 (49.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−4.8 (23.4)
−5.0 (23.0)
−1.0 (30.2)
5.2 (41.4)
11.5 (52.7)
16.1 (61.0)
19.1 (66.4)
17.4 (63.3)
12.4 (54.3)
6.2 (43.2)
0.9 (33.6)
−2.5 (27.5)
6.3 (43.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−7.2 (19.0)
−7.6 (18.3)
−4.0 (24.8)
1.7 (35.1)
7.2 (45.0)
12.2 (54.0)
15.3 (59.5)
13.9 (57.0)
9.4 (48.9)
4.1 (39.4)
−0.9 (30.4)
−4.5 (23.9)
3.3 (37.9)
Record low °C (°F)
−35.9 (−32.6)
−35.2 (−31.4)
−29.9 (−21.8)
−21.8 (−7.2)
−6.6 (20.1)
0.1 (32.2)
4.9 (40.8)
1.3 (34.3)
−3.1 (26.4)
−12.9 (8.8)
−22.2 (−8.0)
−34.4 (−29.9)
−35.9 (−32.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
46 (1.8)
36 (1.4)
36 (1.4)
37 (1.5)
47 (1.9)
69 (2.7)
84 (3.3)
87 (3.4)
57 (2.2)
64 (2.5)
56 (2.2)
51 (2.0)
670 (26.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
15 (5.9)
19 (7.5)
14 (5.5)
1 (0.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (1.2)
9 (3.5)
19 (7.5)
Average rainy days
9
7
10
13
16
18
17
17
20
20
16
10
173
Average snowy days
25
23
16
8
1
0.1
0
0
0.1
5
16
23
117
Average relative humidity (%)
86
84
79
69
65
69
71
76
80
83
86
87
78
Mean monthly sunshine hours
18.9
45.5
120.5
177.9
255.6
254.3
267.7
228.1
134.8
61.8
23.0
8.1
1,596.2
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[27]
Source 2: NOAA [28]
Climate data for Samara (1991–2020, extremes 1852–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
5.2 (41.4)
6.8 (44.2)
16.7 (62.1)
31.1 (88.0)
35.9 (96.6)
38.4 (101.1)
39.4 (102.9)
39.9 (103.8)
34.0 (93.2)
26.0 (78.8)
14.7 (58.5)
7.3 (45.1)
39.9 (103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−6.7 (19.9)
−5.8 (21.6)
0.9 (33.6)
12.4 (54.3)
21.4 (70.5)
25.3 (77.5)
27.3 (81.1)
25.5 (77.9)
19.0 (66.2)
10.3 (50.5)
0.7 (33.3)
−5.2 (22.6)
10.4 (50.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−9.6 (14.7)
−9.3 (15.3)
−2.9 (26.8)
7.5 (45.5)
15.6 (60.1)
19.8 (67.6)
21.9 (71.4)
19.9 (67.8)
13.8 (56.8)
6.5 (43.7)
−1.7 (28.9)
−7.8 (18.0)
6.1 (43.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−12.3 (9.9)
−12.5 (9.5)
−6.2 (20.8)
3.2 (37.8)
10.3 (50.5)
14.7 (58.5)
16.8 (62.2)
15.0 (59.0)
9.6 (49.3)
3.5 (38.3)
−3.8 (25.2)
−10.2 (13.6)
2.3 (36.1)
Record low °C (°F)
−44.0 (−47.2)
−36.9 (−34.4)
−36.1 (−33.0)
−20.9 (−5.6)
−4.9 (23.2)
−0.4 (31.3)
6.0 (42.8)
4.1 (39.4)
−3.4 (25.9)
−15.7 (3.7)
−28.1 (−18.6)
−41.3 (−42.3)
−44.0 (−47.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
56 (2.2)
44 (1.7)
42 (1.7)
40 (1.6)
38 (1.5)
48 (1.9)
47 (1.9)
41 (1.6)
46 (1.8)
49 (1.9)
46 (1.8)
52 (2.0)
549 (21.6)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
37 (15)
54 (21)
50 (20)
7 (2.8)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
5 (2.0)
19 (7.5)
54 (21)
Average rainy days
4
3
5
11
14
15
14
12
14
14
10
6
122
Average snowy days
24
20
14
4
1
0.1
0
0
0.3
4
15
22
104
Average relative humidity (%)
83
80
79
67
58
64
67
69
73
76
83
83
74
Mean monthly sunshine hours
64
102
149
214
305
303
310
275
190
108
47
46
2,113
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[29]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[30]
Climate data for Sochi (1991–2020, extremes 1870–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
22.4 (72.3)
23.5 (74.3)
30.0 (86.0)
33.7 (92.7)
34.7 (94.5)
35.2 (95.4)
35.2 (95.4)
38.5 (101.3)
36.0 (96.8)
32.1 (89.8)
29.1 (84.4)
23.5 (74.3)
39.4 (102.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
9.9 (49.8)
10.4 (50.7)
12.7 (54.9)
17.0 (62.6)
21.2 (70.2)
25.4 (77.7)
27.9 (82.2)
28.6 (83.5)
25.2 (77.4)
20.7 (69.3)
15.6 (60.1)
12.0 (53.6)
18.9 (66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)
6.3 (43.3)
6.5 (43.7)
8.6 (47.5)
12.3 (54.1)
16.6 (61.9)
20.9 (69.6)
23.7 (74.7)
24.3 (75.7)
20.5 (68.9)
16.2 (61.2)
11.4 (52.5)
8.3 (46.9)
14.6 (58.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
3.8 (38.8)
3.7 (38.7)
5.6 (42.1)
9.0 (48.2)
13.3 (55.9)
17.4 (63.3)
20.0 (68.0)
20.7 (69.3)
16.9 (62.4)
13.1 (55.6)
8.5 (47.3)
5.7 (42.3)
11.5 (52.7)
Record low °C (°F)
−13.4 (7.9)
−12.6 (9.3)
−7.0 (19.4)
−5.0 (23.0)
3.0 (37.4)
7.1 (44.8)
12.6 (54.7)
10.4 (50.7)
2.7 (36.9)
−3.2 (26.2)
−5.4 (22.3)
−8.3 (17.1)
−13.4 (7.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
177 (7.0)
134 (5.3)
133 (5.2)
109 (4.3)
107 (4.2)
95 (3.7)
120 (4.7)
106 (4.2)
140 (5.5)
177 (7.0)
175 (6.9)
178 (7.0)
1,651 (65.0)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
1 (0.4)
1 (0.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (0.4)
Average rainy days
19
18
18
18
16
14
11
10
13
15
17
20
189
Average snowy days
6
6
3
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
20
Average relative humidity (%)
73
72
72
75
79
79
79
78
76
76
74
72
75
Mean monthly sunshine hours
96
105
145
161
221
258
279
281
226
195
121
86
2,174
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[31]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[32]
Climate data for
Ulan-Ude (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1847–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
−0.4 (31.3)
7.9 (46.2)
19.8 (67.6)
28.7 (83.7)
35.6 (96.1)
40.0 (104.0)
40.6 (105.1)
39.7 (103.5)
32.2 (90.0)
24.7 (76.5)
11.3 (52.3)
5.2 (41.4)
40.6 (105.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−17.6 (0.3)
−10.6 (12.9)
0.4 (32.7)
10.7 (51.3)
18.6 (65.5)
25.5 (77.9)
27.5 (81.5)
24.2 (75.6)
16.8 (62.2)
6.9 (44.4)
−5.2 (22.6)
−14.8 (5.4)
6.9 (44.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−22.8 (−9.0)
−17.5 (0.5)
−6.7 (19.9)
3.4 (38.1)
10.9 (51.6)
17.9 (64.2)
20.6 (69.1)
17.7 (63.9)
10.0 (50.0)
0.8 (33.4)
−10.3 (13.5)
−19.4 (−2.9)
0.4 (32.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−27.2 (−17.0)
−23.5 (−10.3)
−13.0 (8.6)
−3.0 (26.6)
3.8 (38.8)
11.1 (52.0)
14.6 (58.3)
12.3 (54.1)
4.6 (40.3)
−4.0 (24.8)
−14.4 (6.1)
−23.2 (−9.8)
−5.2 (22.6)
Record low °C (°F)
−54.4 (−65.9)
−44.9 (−48.8)
−40.4 (−40.7)
−28.0 (−18.4)
−15.1 (4.8)
−3.9 (25.0)
1.2 (34.2)
−4.0 (24.8)
−11.4 (11.5)
−27.9 (−18.2)
−38.0 (−36.4)
−48.8 (−55.8)
−54.4 (−65.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
5 (0.2)
3 (0.1)
3 (0.1)
6 (0.2)
18 (0.7)
34 (1.3)
64 (2.5)
63 (2.5)
27 (1.1)
7 (0.3)
9 (0.4)
11 (0.4)
250 (9.8)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
12 (4.7)
12 (4.7)
4 (1.6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (1.2)
9 (3.5)
12 (4.7)
Average rainy days
0
0.04
1
6
10
14
16
15
13
7
1
0
83
Average snowy days
15
11
9
8
2
0.03
0
0
1
8
17
18
89
Average relative humidity (%)
77
75
66
53
49
57
64
69
68
68
76
78
67
Mean monthly sunshine hours
115
155
225
248
287
288
270
247
211
167
113
92
2,418
Source 1: Погода и Климат[33]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)[34]
Climate data for
Vladivostok (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
5.0 (41.0)
9.9 (49.8)
19.4 (66.9)
27.7 (81.9)
29.5 (85.1)
31.8 (89.2)
33.6 (92.5)
32.6 (90.7)
30.0 (86.0)
23.7 (74.7)
17.5 (63.5)
9.4 (48.9)
33.6 (92.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−7.8 (18.0)
−3.8 (25.2)
2.7 (36.9)
10.1 (50.2)
14.9 (58.8)
17.9 (64.2)
21.6 (70.9)
23.3 (73.9)
20.1 (68.2)
13.2 (55.8)
3.3 (37.9)
−5.4 (22.3)
9.2 (48.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−11.9 (10.6)
−8.1 (17.4)
−1.5 (29.3)
5.3 (41.5)
10.0 (50.0)
13.8 (56.8)
18.1 (64.6)
20.0 (68.0)
16.3 (61.3)
9.2 (48.6)
−0.7 (30.7)
−9.2 (15.4)
5.1 (41.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−15.0 (5.0)
−11.3 (11.7)
−4.5 (23.9)
2.1 (35.8)
7.0 (44.6)
11.3 (52.3)
16.1 (61.0)
17.9 (64.2)
13.5 (56.3)
6.2 (43.2)
−3.5 (25.7)
−12.0 (10.4)
2.3 (36.1)
Record low °C (°F)
−31.4 (−24.5)
−28.9 (−20.0)
−21.3 (−6.3)
−7.8 (18.0)
−0.8 (30.6)
3.7 (38.7)
8.7 (47.7)
10.1 (50.2)
1.3 (34.3)
−9.7 (14.5)
−20.0 (−4.0)
−28.1 (−18.6)
−31.4 (−24.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
12 (0.5)
16 (0.6)
27 (1.1)
43 (1.7)
97 (3.8)
105 (4.1)
159 (6.3)
176 (6.9)
103 (4.1)
67 (2.6)
36 (1.4)
19 (0.7)
860 (33.9)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
5 (2.0)
4 (1.6)
3 (1.2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (0.4)
3 (1.2)
5 (2.0)
Average rainy days
0.3
0.3
4
13
20
22
22
19
14
12
5
1
133
Average snowy days
7
8
11
4
0.3
0
0
0
0
1
7
9
47
Average relative humidity (%)
58
57
60
67
76
87
92
87
77
65
60
60
71
Mean monthly sunshine hours
178.2
180.8
209.6
182.3
170.3
131.1
120.3
150.2
198.0
194.6
160.0
150.3
2,025.7
Source 1: Погода и Климат[35]
Source 2: NOAA [36]
Sea temperature data for Vladivostok
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
-1.2 (29.8)
-1.6 (29.1)
-0.9 (30.4)
2.6 (36.7)
8.8 (47.8)
14.2 (57.6)
19.4 (66.9)
22.4 (72.3)
19.4 (66.9)
13.7 (56.7)
6.2 (43.2)
0.7 (33.3)
8.64 (47.6)
Source: [37]
Climate data for Yakutsk/Jakutsk weather station (WMO identifier: 24959), 98.3m amsl , 1991−2020, extremes 1829–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
−11.5 (11.3)
−2.2 (28.0)
8.3 (46.9)
21.1 (70.0)
31.1 (88.0)
35.4 (95.7)
38.4 (101.1)
35.4 (95.7)
27.0 (80.6)
18.6 (65.5)
3.9 (39.0)
−3.9 (25.0)
38.4 (101.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−34.0 (−29.2)
−27.9 (−18.2)
−11.6 (11.1)
2.6 (36.7)
13.8 (56.8)
23.1 (73.6)
25.8 (78.4)
21.8 (71.2)
11.9 (53.4)
−3.0 (26.6)
−22.3 (−8.1)
−34.4 (−29.9)
−2.8 (27.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−36.9 (−34.4)
−32.9 (−27.2)
−19.1 (−2.4)
−3.7 (25.3)
8.0 (46.4)
17.0 (62.6)
19.9 (67.8)
15.6 (60.1)
6.4 (43.5)
−6.9 (19.6)
−25.9 (−14.6)
−37.0 (−34.6)
−8.0 (17.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−39.8 (−39.6)
−37.2 (−35.0)
−26.0 (−14.8)
−10.4 (13.3)
1.5 (34.7)
9.8 (49.6)
13.1 (55.6)
9.3 (48.7)
1.3 (34.3)
−11.0 (12.2)
−29.6 (−21.3)
−39.5 (−39.1)
−13.2 (8.2)
Record low °C (°F)
−63.0 (−81.4)
−64.4 (−83.9)
−54.9 (−66.8)
−41.0 (−41.8)
−18.1 (−0.6)
−4.5 (23.9)
−1.5 (29.3)
−7.8 (18.0)
−14.2 (6.4)
−40.9 (−41.6)
−54.5 (−66.1)
−59.8 (−75.6)
−64.4 (−83.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
10 (0.4)
9 (0.4)
6 (0.2)
8 (0.3)
20 (0.8)
30 (1.2)
40 (1.6)
37 (1.5)
30 (1.2)
19 (0.7)
17 (0.7)
9 (0.4)
235 (9.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
27 (11)
31 (12)
33 (13)
21 (8.3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
4 (1.6)
15 (5.9)
22 (8.7)
33 (13)
Average rainy days
0
0
0.2
3
13
14
14
14
14
3
0.1
0
75
Average snowy days
26
24
16
9
3
0.2
0.03
0.1
3
24
27
25
157
Average relative humidity (%)
76
76
70
59
53
56
62
68
71
78
78
75
69
Mean monthly sunshine hours
20.7
102.6
252.8
296.8
288.2
334.8
334.0
262.9
170.1
96.3
66.9
11.5
2,251.1
Source 1: Погода и Климат[38]
Source 2: NOAA [39]
See also
References
Sovereign states States with limited recognition Dependencies and other entities Other entities
.