2017 Las Vegas shooting

"Las Vegas shooting" redirects here. For other uses, see Las Vegas shooting (disambiguation).

2017 Las Vegas shooting
1
2
1
Mandalay Bay Hotel
2
Route 91 Harvest country music festival grounds
View of the location
Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
150m
160yds
2
1
Map showing the location of the hotel and the festival grounds
LocationParadise, Nevada, U.S.
Coordinates36°5′42″N 115°10′18″W / 36.09500°N 115.17167°W / 36.09500; -115.17167
DateOctober 1, 2017; 7 years ago (2017-10-01)
c. 10:05 – 10:15 p.m. (PDT; UTC−07:00)
TargetAudience of the Route 91 Harvest music festival
Attack type
Mass shooting, murder–suicide, mass murder
Weapons24 firearms:
Deaths61 (including the perpetrator)[a]
Injured≈ 867 (413+ by gunfire or shrapnel)
PerpetratorStephen Craig Paddock
MotiveUnknown

On October 1, 2017, a mass shooting occurred when 64-year-old Stephen Paddock opened fire on the crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada from his 32nd-floor suites in the Mandalay Bay hotel. He fired more than 1,000 rounds, killing 60 people and wounding at least 413. The ensuing panic brought the total number of injured to approximately 867. About an hour later, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The motive for the shooting is officially undetermined.

The incident is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in American history. It focused attention on firearms laws in the U.S., particularly with regard to bump stocks, which Paddock used to fire shots in rapid succession, at a rate similar to that of automatic firearms.[4] Bump stocks were banned by the U.S. Justice Department in December 2018, but the ban was overturned by the Supreme Court for lacking a legislative basis in 2024.[5]

Background

Location

The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard immediately south of the city of Las Vegas in Clark County, Nevada. The Strip is known for its concentration of casinos and resort hotels, including the 43-story Mandalay Bay southwest of its intersection with Mandalay Bay Road, in the unincorporated town of Paradise.[6]

Las Vegas Village, a 15-acre (6-hectare) lot used for outdoor performances, was located diagonally across the intersection to the northeast and owned by MGM Resorts International.[6][7] From 2014 onward, the venue hosted the annual Route 91 Harvest country music festival. The 2017 festival ran from September 29 to October 1, with over 22,000 attendees on the final day.[7][8][b]

Perpetrator

Main article: Stephen Paddock

Stephen Paddock was a 64-year-old former auditor and real estate businessman who had been living 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Las Vegas in a retirement community in Mesquite, Nevada.[9] He was twice divorced, had a long-term girlfriend, and had no known children.[10] He was a son of Benjamin Paddock, a bank robber who was on the FBI's most-wanted list between 1969 and 1977.[10] Paddock's only recorded interactions with law enforcement were traffic citations.[11]

Paddock was a high-stakes gambler who placed bets at a high enough level to earn valuable comps—free benefits such as rooms and meals. He was a familiar figure to casino hosts in Las Vegas but was not well known among other high-stakes gamblers because he mostly played single-player video poker.[12] He reportedly kept to himself and was a heavy drinker.[13] Paddock had lost a significant amount of his wealth over the previous two years[14] but had paid off all gambling debts before the shooting. In the year prior to the shooting, Paddock's girlfriend noted a change in his demeanor; he had become increasingly distant, and their relationship was no longer intimate.[15]

Preparation

According to his girlfriend, Paddock repeatedly cased Las Vegas Village from different windows in their room when they stayed at the Mandalay Bay a month before the shooting.[16] Paddock also may have considered attacking other events. He had researched large-scale venues in cities such as Boston since at least May 2017[15] and had reserved a room overlooking the August 2017 Lollapalooza festival in Chicago, but did not use it.[17] From September 17, Paddock stayed at The Ogden in Downtown Las Vegas, which overlooked the open-air Life is Beautiful festival that ran from September 22 to 24.[16][8] Paddock's internet search terms from mid-September included "swat weapons", "ballistics chart 308", "SWAT Las Vegas", and "do police use explosives".[16]

Paddock arrived at Mandalay Bay on September 25, 2017, and booked into Room 32–135, a complimentary room on the 32nd floor.[8][12] Four days later, he also checked into the directly connected Room 32–134. Both suites overlook the site of the concert at Las Vegas Village.[8][18][c] During his stay at Mandalay Bay, Paddock spent much of his time gambling, usually at night. He interacted with employees more than ten times, including twice on the day of the shooting; an MGM Resorts International spokesperson said all the interactions were "normal in nature".[19] Cell phone records show that he also made multiple visits to his home in Mesquite.[20]

With help from hotel bellmen, he brought five suitcases to his room on September 25, seven on the 26th, two on the 28th, six on the 30th, and two on October 1.[20][16][8]

On September 30, he placed "do not disturb" signs on the doors of both rooms.[20]

Weaponry

Twenty-four firearms, a large quantity of ammunition, and numerous high-capacity magazines capable of holding up to 100 rounds each were found in the suite.[21][22] Fourteen of the firearms were .223-caliber AR-15-type semi-automatic rifles: three manufactured by Colt, two by Daniel Defense, two by FN Herstal, two by LWRC International, two by POF-USA, one with a .223 Wylde chamber by Christensen Arms, one made-to-order by LMT, and one by Noveske. The others were eight .308-caliber AR-10-type rifles, one .308-caliber Ruger American bolt-action rifle, and one .38-caliber Smith & Wesson Model 342 revolver.[21][23][24] Some of the AR-15 rifles were fitted with vertical forward grips and bump stocks,[21][23] the latter of which allowed for recoil to actuate their triggers at a rate of 90 rounds in 10 seconds.[25] The AR-10 rifles were equipped with various telescopic sights and mounted on bipods.[21][26][27] Paddock was found to have fired a total of 1,058 rounds from fifteen of the firearms: 1,049 from twelve AR-15-style rifles, eight from two AR-10-style rifles, and the round used to kill himself from the Smith & Wesson revolver.[28]

During the subsequent investigation, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined that the firearms found in his hotel room, along with more guns found in his homes, had been legally purchased in Nevada, California, Texas, and Utah.[29] In the month preceding the shooting, he had attempted to purchase tracer ammunition, but the gun dealer he approached did not have the item in stock.[30] He bought tracer ammunition from a private seller at a gun show in Phoenix, Arizona.[31] In addition, ammonium nitrate (often used in improvised explosive devices) was found in the trunk of his Hyundai Tucson SUV, along with 1,600 rounds of ammunition and 50 pounds (23 kg) of Tannerite, a binary explosive used to make explosive targets for gun ranges.[32][33] Undersheriff Kevin McMahill said that while Paddock had "nefarious intent" with the material, he did not appear to have assembled an explosive device.[30][34]

Attack

Schematic of the shooting scene. Paddock indiscriminately fired rifle rounds from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel toward the concertgoers at Las Vegas Village.

The mass shooting occurred between 10:05 p.m. and 10:15 p.m. on October 1, 2017, which was the third and final night of the festival. When the shooting began, country music singer Jason Aldean was giving the closing performance.[35]

Shortly before 10:00 p.m., hotel security guard Jesus Campos was sent to the 32nd floor to investigate an open-door alert. He attempted to open a door that provided immediate access to the floor, but found that it would not open. After Campos entered the floor, he discovered an L-shaped bracket screwed into the door and door frame, which prevented the door from opening. After reporting the discovery to his dispatch center, he heard what he thought was the sound of rapid drilling coming from Room 32–135 and went to investigate the matter. At approximately 10:05 p.m., he was hit in the right thigh by one of about 35 bullets that Paddock fired through the door of his suite. After Campos was hit, he took cover in the alcove between Rooms 32–122 and 32–124 and immediately informed the hotel by radio and cellphone that he had been shot, though he believed he had been shot with a BB or pellet gun. At the same time, maintenance worker Stephen Schuck was on the same floor to fix the door that Campos had reported as being barricaded. The already-wounded Campos encountered Schuck and told him to take cover. Schuck contacted hotel dispatchers over his radio, informed them of the ongoing shooting, and told them to call the police.[8][36][37][38][39] Neither the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department nor MGM Resorts International, the Mandalay Bay's owner, have confirmed when information about the initial shooting was relayed to the police.[40][41][42][43]

1
2
3
1
Mandalay Bay hotel
2
Main stage of Route 91 Harvest festival
3
Jet fuel tanks at McCarran International Airport

After Paddock used a hammer to break two of the windows in both of his suites,[8] he began shooting through them at 10:05 p.m.[44] He ultimately fired over 1,000 rifle rounds[28] approximately 490 yards (450 m) into the festival audience.[45][46][d] He initially started out with a few single gunshots before firing in bursts that usually ranged from 80 rounds to 100 rounds.[8][28] Many people in the crowd initially mistook the gunfire for fireworks.[47] During the shooting, a security fence hindered concertgoers from fleeing the 15-acre (6-hectare) concrete lot.[48] The gunfire continued, with some momentary pauses, over the span of ten minutes and ended by 10:15 p.m. During these pauses (during reload and while the assailant was confronting Campos), most concertgoers down below were able to flee the venue.[49][50]

In addition to shooting at the concertgoers, Paddock fired eight bullets at a large jet fuel tank at McCarran International Airport 2,000 feet (600 m) away.[8] Two of those bullets struck the exterior of the tank, with one bullet penetrating the tank. The fuel did not explode because jet fuel is mostly kerosene, which is unlikely to ignite when struck by a bullet.[51]

During the shooting, police officers were initially confused whether the shots were coming from the Mandalay Bay, the nearby Luxor hotel, or the festival grounds.[48] There were also multiple false reports of additional shooters at other hotels on the Strip.[52] Officers eventually spotted multiple muzzle flashes from the middle of the northern side of Mandalay Bay and responded to the hotel. At 10:12 p.m., two officers on the 31st floor reported the sounds of gunfire on the floor above them.[48] When officers arrived on the 32nd floor at 10:17 p.m. and encountered Campos a minute later, he directed them to Paddock's room and helped others evacuate. Campos was then directed to seek medical attention for himself.[37][39]

Between 10:26 p.m. and 10:30 p.m., eight additional officers arrived at the 32nd floor; some of those officers manually breached the door Paddock had screwed shut with the bracket. The gunfire had ceased, and the police moved systematically down the hallway, searching and clearing each room, using a master key that was provided by Campos. At 10:55 p.m., the officers finished evacuating guests. At 11:20 p.m., over an hour after the initial officers arrived on the 32nd floor, police breached Room 32–135 with explosives.[8][48][50][53] Paddock was found dead on the floor from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.[54][55] Police then breached Room 32–134; while entering the hotel suite, an officer accidentally fired a three-round burst from his weapon, but the bullets did not hit anyone.[8][56] At 11:27 p.m., officers announced over the police radio that a suspect was down.[50][57]

Immediate response

McCarran Airport, adjacent to the shooting site, was shut down for several hours.[58] Approximately 300 people entered the airport grounds as they fled from the shooting.[47] This prompted officials to shut down all four runways. More than 25 flights were rerouted to ensure that no aircraft would be hit by gunfire,[52] while other flights were canceled before airfield operations resumed at 12:40 a.m. on October 2.[59]

Much of Las Vegas Boulevard was closed while police SWAT teams combed the venue and neighboring businesses. At approximately 2:45 p.m. PDT on October 2, a state of emergency was declared in Clark County.[60][61] Early on October 2, Sheriff Lombardo identified the suspect as Stephen Paddock.[62]

Victims

Dead

There were 60 deaths, not including that of Paddock. The immediate dead comprised 58 victims—36 women and 22 men—all of whom died from gunshot wounds.[63] The oldest was 67; the youngest, 20.[64][65] Thirty-four were from California; six from Nevada; four from Canada; two each from Alaska and Utah; and one each from Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.[66] Thirty-one of the victims were pronounced dead at the scene; twenty-seven died from their wounds at hospitals,[15] the last on October 3, two days after the shooting.[1] An employee of the Las Vegas police department and an employee of the Manhattan Beach police department were both shot and killed.[67][68] Paddock's suicide was the only death at the Mandalay Bay Hotel.[63][69][70]

A 57-year-old woman from California, who had been paralyzed in the shooting, died more than two years later on November 15, 2019.[71][72] On August 24, 2020, the San Bernardino County medical examiner officially attributed her death to the shooting, though the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) declined at the time to include her in the official death toll.[1] The LVMPD also initially declined to include a 49-year-old Nevada woman who died from complications of a leg wound on May 26, 2020.[2] The department revised its decision, however, and on October 1, 2020, included both women in the count.[3] In 2023, a probate case determined that the shares of Paddock's estate would be distributed among the families of 61 victims, though the attorney who handled the case declined to disclose the identity of the 61st person or how they died.[73] The Las Vegas Review-Journal reported that the 61st person was a survivor who died by suicide after the shooting.[74]

The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States, exceeding the death toll of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, in which 49 people were killed.[63][75][76]

Injured

Approximately 867 people were injured, at least 413 of them with gunshot wounds or shrapnel injuries.[28][77] In the aftermath, many victims were transported to area hospitals, which included University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center, and at least one of the six hospitals of Valley Health System.[78][79][80] Sunrise Hospital treated the largest portion of the wounded: 199 patients,[81] 150 of whom arrived within about 40 minutes.[82] University Medical Center treated 104 patients.[83] Additionally, six victims sought medical treatment in Southern California; UC Irvine Medical Center treated four and Loma Linda University Medical Center treated two.[84] Many victims of the shooting required blood transfusions, which totaled 499 components in the first 24 hours of treatment. This blood was rapidly replaced by available blood from local and national blood banks.[85]

University Medical Center, the Level I trauma center in Las Vegas, was difficult to access for the more than 50% of patients transported by private vehicles because Interstate 15, the most direct route from the shooting location, was closed to the public. Also, an erroneous emergency services announcement made one hour after the shooting reported UMC had reached capacity and was on diversion. This confusion persisted for several hours and led to most patients being transported to Sunrise, a Level II trauma center.[85]

On the morning after the shooting, lines to donate blood in Las Vegas stretched for blocks, and wait times were as much as six hours or more.[86] In Las Vegas alone, 800 units of blood were donated to the local blood bank in the days following the shooting, and the American Red Cross reported a 53% increase in blood donation in the two days following the shooting.[85] It was later reported that over 15% of the blood donated in Las Vegas after the shooting went unused, prompting questions about the benefit of widespread calls for blood donation following mass shootings.[87] Millions of dollars have also been raised to help victims and their families.[88]

Recipients of Awards for Bravery

Civilian

Martin Heffernan, Assistant Scoutmaster, was honored by Boy Scouts of America for demonstrating unusual heroism and extraordinary skill in saving or attempting to save a life at extreme risk to self with the Honor Award with Crossed Palms.[89]

Brittany Speer, an EMT at UCLA, received a Medal of Courage from the University of California Police Department (UCPD) for her bravery in setting up a triage area and treating victims while the shooter was still active. She is the only civilian in medical services to receive this honor.[90]

Military

Trooper Ross Woodward, a British soldier from the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, who was off-duty at a nearby hotel when the shooting began, was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Bravery for his actions during the event.[91] His citation stated that "he consciously, deliberately and repeatedly advanced towards danger, moving people to safety and treating casualties".[91]

Matthew Cobos, a U.S. Army soldier, received the 2018 Single Act of Heroism Award from the Congressional Medal of Honor Society for shielding and providing life saving medical treatment to injured concert-goers. An image of Cobos protecting a young woman, by photographer David Becker, went viral and he was later identified by the Army.[92][93]

Sgt. Austin Cox and Sgt. Michael Vura, helicopter mechanics with the U.S. Marines at Camp Pendleton, received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, the highest noncombat decoration awarded for heroism by the Department of the Navy, for braving gunfire to save victims and get them out of the line of fire.[94]

Petty Officer First Class Brian Mazi, with the U.S. Navy, who was attending the event with his wife, was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his actions.[95]

Petty Officer Second Class Traci Huddleston of the United States Coast Guard received the Coast Guard Medal for her actions in response to the shooting. Huddleston was awarded for “demonstrat[ing] remarkable initiative, exceptional fortitude, and daring in spite of imminent personal danger”.[96]

Sgt. Chasen Brown with the Utah Army National Guard was awarded the Medal of Valor for saving at least half a dozen other concert-goers. For 60–90 minutes after the shooting stopped, he continued to assess and aid casualties.[97]

Police

Detective Conor O'Donnell of the Rhode Island State Police, who had attended the event with his girlfriend, was awarded a service ribbon.[98]

The San Diego Police Department honored nine officers and two detectives from their department who were vacationing separately in Las Vegas. Detective Michael Vo and Officers Thomas McGrath, Mark Williams, Max Verduzco and Richard Barton received the Medal of Valor for their actions in treating the wounded, creating escape routes, and shielding concert-goers. McGrath was also presented the Lifesaving Medal by Jonathan Smith, a civilian who survived a gunshot wound to the neck due to McGrath's quick actions. Detective Scott Gosnell and Officers Caitlin Milligan, Eric Hansen, Bryan Johnson, William Hernandez Jr. and Braden Wilson received the department's "Exceptional Performance Citation" for assisting concert-goers and helping them escape the venue.[99]

Investigations

Early reports

Officials from the FBI and the ATF responded to assist in the investigation.[100] According to authorities with the Clark County Commission, the name "1 October" was declared the official title for investigations into the mass shooting.[101]

Investigators found hidden surveillance cameras that were placed inside and outside the hotel room, presumably so Paddock could monitor the arrival of others.[102] The cameras were not in record mode.[103] Police said a handwritten note found in the room indicated Paddock had been calculating the distance, wind, and trajectory from his 32nd floor hotel suite to the concertgoers he was targeting on the festival lot.[104][105]

At a press conference on October 4, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo stated there was evidence—which he declined to discuss—that Paddock intended to escape the scene, and that he may have had assistance from an accomplice.[106] Investigators searched Paddock's room and found a "bulletproof vest" and breathing apparatus, neither of which was used by Paddock.[107]

There have been several changes in the official account and timeline of Paddock's shooting of hotel security guard Campos. Police officials described these adjustments as "minute changes" that are common in complex investigations.[37]

In their first statement about the incident, police officials inaccurately reported that Campos arrived on the scene after Paddock began firing into the crowd. In a second statement, police officials reported, again inaccurately, that Campos was shot six minutes before Paddock began firing into the crowd. That report had been based on a 9:59 p.m. notation in a hotel security log, which in a third statement was determined to have been the time when Campos encountered the barricaded door.[36][38]

Sheriff Lombardo dismissed allegations that the changing timeline was the result of some kind of conspiracy between the police department, the FBI, and MGM Resorts International saying, "Nobody is attempting to hide anything in reference to this investigation. The dynamics and the size of this investigation requires us to go through voluminous amounts of information in order to draw an accurate picture."[36]

Preliminary investigation

The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department released a preliminary report on the event on January 18, 2018.[8]

Police speculate that Paddock acted alone and have not determined his motive. No links have been identified to any hate groups, terrorist groups or ideologies, and he did not record a reason for his actions.[108]

On February 2, 2018, Douglas Haig, an Arizona ammunition dealer, was charged in a Nevada federal court with "conspiracy to manufacture and sell armor-piercing ammunition without a license" after his fingerprints were discovered on unfired armor-piercing ammunition inside Paddock's suite.[109] He was sentenced in June 2020 to 13 months in prison.[110]

Final investigative report

On August 3, 2018, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo held a press conference on the release of the LVMPD Criminal Investigative Report of the October 1 Mass Casualty Shooting. He said the 10-month investigation had revealed no evidence of conspiracy or a second gunman, and that the gunman's motive had not been definitely determined. Lombardo said "What we have been able to answer are the questions of who, what, when, where and how... what we have not been able to definitively answer is why Stephen Paddock committed this act."[111] A report published by the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit in January 2019 said that "there was no single or clear motivating factor" for the shooting.[112]

Aftermath

Misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories

Main article: 2017 Las Vegas shooting conspiracy theories

Following the shooting, misinformation and fake news about the shooter's identity and motive went viral on social media:

  • A 4chan /pol/ thread, which misidentified the shooter and described him as a registered Democrat, was briefly featured in the "Top Stories" section of a Google search for the alleged shooter's name. This was further circulated by a number of websites, including being shared briefly on The Gateway Pundit.[113][114]
  • The fake news website Your News Wire spread false information about a second gunman purportedly shooting from the fourth floor of the hotel.[115]
  • Two of Facebook's top trending pages were items from Sputnik, a Russian government news agency. These included one story that falsely claimed the FBI had linked the shooter to a terrorist group. The stories were later removed from Sputnik with an apology.[116][117]
  • Stories linking the shooter to the Antifa movement have also been discredited.[118]
  • The terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) claimed that Paddock was its "soldier" who had answered Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call to attack coalition countries' citizens.[119] ISIS provided no evidence for this, had previously released multiple false claims of responsibility for other incidents,[120][121] and no such link was discovered by the FBI.[122]

Google and Facebook were criticized for displaying such false news stories in some of their search results.[116][123][124] Alexis Madrigal of The Atlantic accused the two technology companies of failing in their responsibility to keep these from reaching the public.[125] Facebook later said its algorithms were designed to detect and remove false stories, but failed to work adequately in this instance.[123]

Survivors of the shooting have been accused of being crisis actors, and some have received death threats on social media.[126] Conspiracy theorists have claimed that there were multiple shooters and that details of the massacre are being covered up for the sake of promoting gun control laws.[127] After some media outlets reported that YouTube search results for information about the shooting returned links to conspiracy videos, YouTube said it had tweaked its search algorithm to promote news sources which it considered more authoritative.[128][129] Political scientist Joseph Uscinski suggested the removal of this content ironically fuels conspiracy theories by making a cover-up seem evident.[127]

The Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign adorned with flowers on October 9, 2017, a week after the shooting

Responses

Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval called the shooting "a tragic and heinous act of violence that has shaken the Nevada family".[130] Jason Aldean, who was singing when the shooting started, posted his condolences on Instagram and noted all of those working with him at the show had survived the attack.[131]

President Trump and First Lady Melania visiting a hospitalized victim

At a press conference, U.S. President Donald Trump described Paddock as "a very very sick individual", and "a demented man, [with] a lot of problems" and described the event as an "act of pure evil". He added, "the police department has done such an incredible job, and we'll be talking about gun laws as time goes by".[132][133] A White House official talking points memo, distributed to Trump allies, opposed tightening gun control since "new laws won't stop a mad man", but "will curtail the freedoms of law abiding citizens".[134] On October 2, Trump issued a proclamation to honor the victims and their families.[135] On October 4, Trump visited the shooting victims and first responders.[136]

A unity prayer walk and ceremony was held in Las Vegas on October 7 in honor of the dead. Speakers at the ceremony included Vice President Mike Pence and Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn Goodman.[137] On the evening of October 15, thousands participated in a commemorative three-mile (5 km) walk between Circus Circus and Mandalay Bay.[138]

The annual Rock 'n' Roll Las Vegas Marathon took place on November 12 and was the largest event to be held in the city since the shooting. The event received a massive amount of security, which included counter-sniper surveillance posts; 350 police officers; and a number of barriers composed of dump trucks, buses, and other large vehicles.[139]

The expansion Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL held a tribute to the victims and honored response personnel before their inaugural home game on October 10.[140] Later during the season, the number 58 became the first number in team history to be retired, chosen for the 58 people who died immediately or within days of the shooting.[141]

The Mandalay Bay Resort renumbered its floors, skipping floor 32. Rooms 32–135 and 32–134, the rooms rented out by Paddock, were sealed off and made inaccessible to guests.[142][143]

The future of the Las Vegas Village remained undetermined until September 2019.[144] MGM Resorts International had announced that they intended to create a community center, which would host sporting events.[145] In 2021, MGM Resorts donated 2 acres of the land for a permanent memorial to the victims and survivors and sold the remaining 13 acres to Three Affiliated Tribes for an undisclosed sum in 2022.[146][147]

In March 2019, Las Vegas police officer Cordell Hendrex, who did not immediately respond to the gunfire but had remained in the floor below Paddock, was fired for his inaction.[148] He was reinstated a year later following an arbitrator's ruling.[149]

Gun control discussion

The shooting prompted support in Congress for assault weapons legislation that would ban bump stocks. Many Congressional Democrats and some Republicans expressed support.[150] House leaders said the issue of bump stock regulation should be decided by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, which originally approved bump stocks.[151] The National Rifle Association (NRA) came out in favor of administrative bump stock regulations.[63] Firearms retailers reported increased consumer interest in bump stocks.[152]

On November 6, 2017, Massachusetts became the first state to ban the sale, possession, or use of the devices.[153] In December 2018, Acting United States Attorney General Matthew Whitaker signed a regulation banning bump stocks in the U.S., effective March 2019. The regulation banned new sales and required current owners to surrender or destroy existing bump stocks.[154]

Eighteen Democratic U.S. Senators introduced a bill, the Keep Americans Safe Act, which would ban gun magazines that hold more than ten rounds of ammunition.[155] Stock prices of firearms manufacturers rose the day after the shooting, as has happened after similar incidents. Investors expected gun sales to increase over concerns that such an event could lead to more stringent gun-control legislation, and possibly due to a rush of customers wishing to defend themselves against future attacks,[156][157] but firearm sales did not increase after the shooting.[158][159]

In November 2017, a lawsuit was filed on behalf of 450 of the victims of the shooting, which claimed that the Mandalay Bay Hotel had shown negligence by allowing Paddock to bring a large amount of weaponry into the building.[160][161] In July 2018, MGM Resorts International countersued hundreds of victims, claiming that it had "no liability of any kind" for the attack, under a 2002 federal law passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks.[162] On October 3, 2019, MGM Resorts reached a settlement of $800 million with the victims of the shooting, which was approved by a judge on September 30, 2020.[163][164]

In 2019, a Texan gun store owner, backed by the NRA, appealed the national ban on bump stocks enacted the same year by classifying rifles with bump stocks as machine guns. The case was finally decided in his favor on 14 June 2024 by a majority opinion from the US Supreme Court that bump stocks should not be considered as machine guns in the meaning of the law. Justice Samuel Alito (who joined the majority) said in a separate statement that the Congress was free to counteract this decision by 'amending' the applicable law. In a dissenting opinion, three judges stated that semi-automatic guns with bump stocks should be considered as machine guns, since multiple bullets would be released by one pull of the trigger, without manual reloading.[165]

Thousand Oaks shooting

Main article: Thousand Oaks shooting

Several people who were at the scene of the shooting when it occurred were also present during a November 2018 mass shooting at the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, California, which left thirteen dead, including the gunman.[166] One person said the number of Las Vegas survivors at the bar may have been as high as 60.[167] It was confirmed that a survivor of the Las Vegas shooting had died in the Thousand Oaks shooting.[168]

Memorial

In 2019, the 1 October Memorial Committee (1OMC) was formed to honor the victims of the shooting by commemorating them in a memorial. 1OMC's jury has looked over and reviewed all the memorial submissions and selected five finalists which include Aaron Neubert Architects and studioSTIGSGAARD, JCJ Architecture; OLIN, Paul Murdoch Architects, and SWA.[169]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Excluding the perpetrator, 58 people died at the scene or in hospitals soon afterwards. A female survivor who died from complications of her injuries on November 15, 2019, was officially declared a fatality in the shooting in August 2020.[1] Another female survivor died of gunshot-wound complications on May 26, 2020, and in September was reported as a fatality in the shooting.[2] The Las Vegas police updated the official death toll from 58 to 60 on October 1, 2020, the third anniversary of the shooting.[3]
  2. ^ For the layout of the festival, see "Vegas hospitals swamped with victims after high-rise attack". MSN. Associated Press. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  3. ^ For a diagram of Paddock's hotel suite and connecting room, see: "Why did it take police so long to breach Las Vegas gunman's room? Here's a new timeline". Los Angeles Times. October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  4. ^ For an infographic of what occurred at the venue during the shooting, see the fourth image of: "Las Vegas Shooting: Chaos at a Concert and a Frantic Search at Mandalay Bay". The New York Times. October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017..

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Lacanlale, Rio (August 24, 2020). "California woman declared 59th victim of 2017 massacre in Las Vegas". The Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Lacanlale, Rio (September 17, 2020). "Las Vegas woman becomes 60th victim of October 2017 mass shooting". The Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Newberg, Katelyn (October 1, 2020). "Sisolak: 'We will never, never forget' those killed in Oct. 1 shooting". The Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  4. ^ Chavez, Nicole (October 5, 2017). "What are the 'bump stocks' on the Las Vegas shooter's guns?". Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  5. ^ "GARLAND, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ET AL. v. CARGILL" (PDF). June 14, 2024.
  6. ^ a b "2017 Las Vegas shooting" (Map). Google Maps.
  7. ^ a b Kennedy, Gerrick D. (October 3, 2017). "Festival attacked by Las Vegas shooter had been success story in creating outdoor music destination". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "LVMPD Preliminary Investigative Report 1 October / Mass Casualty Shooting Event: 171001-3519" (PDF). Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. January 18, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  9. ^ Vives, Ruben; Ryan, Harriet; Serna, Joseph (October 2, 2017). "The mystery of Stephen Paddock—gambler, real estate investor, mass killer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  10. ^ a b Grinberg, Emanuella (October 5, 2017). "Something went 'incredibly wrong' with Las Vegas gunman, brother says". CNN. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  11. ^ Torres-Cortez, Ricardo (January 19, 2018). "Report: Strip shooter Paddock was 'germaphobic' and had strong reactions to smells". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  12. ^ a b Branch, John; Kovaleski, Serge F.; Tavernise, Sabrina (October 4, 2017). "Stephen Paddock Chased Gambling's Payouts and Perks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  13. ^ Velotta, Richard N.; Prince, Todd (October 5, 2017). "Paddock's game of choice, video poker, allowed him to blend in". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  14. ^ Bailey, Holly (November 3, 2017). "Portrait of Las Vegas gunman: A narcissist on a losing streak". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
  15. ^ a b c Andone, Dakin; Sidner, Sara (January 19, 2018). "What we learned from the Las Vegas shooting report". CNN. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  16. ^ a b c d Medina, Jennifer (January 19, 2018). "A New Report on the Las Vegas Gunman Was Released. Here Are Some Takeaways". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  17. ^ "Vegas shooter 'forceful' with Chicago hotel manager: TMZ". Chicago Sun-Times. October 6, 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  18. ^ McLaughlin, Eliott C. (October 20, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting: Lawsuit filed as new questions raised over timeline". CNN. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  19. ^ Prince, Todd (January 8, 2018). "Mandalay Bay staff interacted with Las Vegas shooter more than 10 times in days before Oct. 1". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  20. ^ a b c Pearce, Matt (January 19, 2018). "The most comprehensive look yet at how the Las Vegas concert massacre unfolded". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  21. ^ a b c d "Las Vegas shooting: This is what investigators found in Stephen Paddock's hotel room". KTNV-TV. January 19, 2018. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  22. ^ Leefeldt, Ed (October 4, 2017). "Stephen Paddock used a 'bump stock' to make his guns even deadlier". CBS News. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  23. ^ a b Becket, Stefan (October 4, 2017). "More details revealed about Las Vegas shooter's arsenal of weapons". CBS News. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017. At least one of the weapons was a made-to-order firearm made by Lewis Machine & Tool Company (LMT).
  24. ^ Horton, Alex (October 2, 2017). "The Las Vegas shooter had 23 guns. Here's what we know about them". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  25. ^ Buchanan, Larry; Grothjan, Evan; Huang, Jon; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya; Pearce, Adam; Yourish, Karen (October 4, 2017). "What Is a Bump Stock and How Does It Work?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  26. ^ Palazzolo, Joe; Elinson, Zusha (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Gunman Had Arsenal in Hotel Room". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  27. ^ Delreal, Jose A.; Bromwich, Jonah Engel (October 2, 2017). "Stephen Paddock, Las Vegas Suspect, Was a Gambler Who Drew Little Attention". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  28. ^ a b c d "LVMPD Criminal Investigative Report of the 1 October Mass Casualty Shooting" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 17, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2020 – via www.lvmpd.com.
  29. ^ Smith, David (October 3, 2017). "Las Vegas shooter's girlfriend returns to US as police reveal details of his planning". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  30. ^ a b Almaguer, Miguel; Winter, Tom; Hunt, Kasie; Helsel, Phil (October 7, 2017). "Answer to Question in Las Vegas Massacre, 'Why?', Elusive So Far". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  31. ^ Ritter, Ken; Snow, Anita (January 31, 2018). "Man Says He Sold Ammunition to Las Vegas Shooter for a 'Light Show'". Time. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  32. ^ "Vegas shooter 'disturbed, dangerous', stockpiled weapons for decades: police". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  33. ^ Chia, Jessica (October 4, 2017). "Las Vegas mass shooter fired at aviation fuel tanks". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  34. ^ Branch, John; Medina, Jennifer; Smith, Mitch; Paddock, Richard C.; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Pérez-Peña, Richard; Mele, Christopher; Bromwich, Jonah Engel (October 6, 2017). "Las Vegas Shooting: At a Loss on Motive, F.B.I. Turns to Billboards for Leads". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  35. ^ "How police zeroed in on the Las Vegas gunman". USA Today. October 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  36. ^ a b c Turkewitz, Julie; Goldman, Adam (October 13, 2017). "Another Shift in Las Vegas Timeline Caps Days of Confusion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  37. ^ a b c Smith, Mitch; Turkewitz, Julie (October 10, 2017). "Shift in Las Vegas Timeline Raises Questions About Police Response". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  38. ^ a b "Las Vegas police now say there was no six-minute gap between first shots and concert massacre". The Washington Post. October 13, 2017. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  39. ^ a b "Worker warned hotel before Las Vegas shooter opened fire on crowd". CBS News. October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  40. ^ Balsamo, Michael (October 12, 2017). "Pressure mounts for Vegas police to explain response time". AP News. Retrieved November 20, 2019. Las Vegas authorities did not respond to questions about whether hotel security or anyone else in the hotel called 911 to report the gunfire.
  41. ^ Smith, Mitch; Medina, Jennifer (October 10, 2017). "Pressure Shift in Las Vegas Timeline Raises Questions About Police Response". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017. It is not known when and how the hotel security officials informed the police that Mr. Campos had been shot
  42. ^ "Las Vegas police now say no 6-minute gap between 1st shots and concert attack". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. October 13, 2017. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
  43. ^ Berman, Mark (October 12, 2017). "Las Vegas police defend shifting timeline of shooting, warn it could change again". Washington Post. Retrieved October 12, 2017. The revelation from Joseph Lombardo, the Las Vegas sheriff, gave way to a new round of questions, including when information about this shooting was relayed to hotel security and when—or if—that detail was then given to the local police. So far, neither the police or the hotel have offered any answers
  44. ^ Levenson, Eric (October 24, 2017). "The cold, calculating timeline of the Las Vegas gunman". CNN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  45. ^ Wagner, Meg; Rocha, Veronica; Wills, Amanda; Grinberg, Emanuella (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  46. ^ Newman, Melinda (October 2, 2017). "Jason Aldean Responds To Route 91 Festival Shooting: 'Tonight Has Been Beyond Horrific'". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  47. ^ a b Schick, Camilla; Horn, Dave; Cirillo, Chris (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Shooting Live Updates: Multiple Weapons Found in Las Vegas Gunman's Hotel Room". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  48. ^ a b c d "How police zeroed in on the Las Vegas gunman". USA Today. October 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  49. ^ Ho, Sally; Garcia Cano, Regina (October 2, 2017). "'I'm going to die': fear grips Vegas strip; gunman kills 59". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  50. ^ a b c "Why did it take police so long to breach Las Vegas gunman's room? Here's a new timeline". The Los Angeles Times. October 4, 2017. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  51. ^ German, Jeff (October 5, 2017). "Commissioner calls for security review of jet fuel tanks after Las Vegas Strip shooting". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  52. ^ a b del Castillo Galvan, Severiano; Rand, Wesley (October 7, 2017). "Minute-by-minute breakdown of Las Vegas Strip shooting—TIMELINE". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  53. ^ Hayes, Christal (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Shooting: Cops Took More Than An Hour to Storm Gunman's Room". Newsweek. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  54. ^ Bui, Lynh; Zapotosky, Matt; Barrett, Devlin; Berman, Mark (October 2, 2017). "At least 59 killed in Las Vegas shooting rampage, more than 500 others injured". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  55. ^ Law, James (October 2, 2017). "What we know about Las Vegas shooter Stephen Paddock". News.com.au. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  56. ^ Tyler, Wade (October 30, 2017). "Officer accidentally fired weapon in Las Vegas gunman's Mandalay Bay suite". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  57. ^ Lupiani, Joyce (October 2, 2017). "Latest news updates on the mass shooting in Las Vegas". KTNV Las Vegas. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  58. ^ Tchekmedyian, Alene (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas airport temporary closed by mass shooting; delays continue". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  59. ^ Marroquin, Art (October 3, 2017). "McCarran's fence breached by people fleeing Las Vegas Strip shooting". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  60. ^ Miller, Mary-Anne; King, Yolanda T. (October 2, 2017). "Declaration of Emergency" (PDF). Clark County, Nevada. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  61. ^ @ClarkCountyNV (October 2, 2017). "An #emergency has been declared in #ClarkCounty as a result of #vegasshooting. It was issued a short time ago. #PrayForVegas" (Tweet). Retrieved October 2, 2017 – via Twitter.
  62. ^ Weaver, Matthew; Zhou, Naaman; Levin, Sam; Yuhas, Alan; Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (October 3, 2017). "Names of Las Vegas victims emerge as police reveal gun stockpile – as it happened". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  63. ^ a b c d Medina, Jennifer; Smith, Mitch; Landler, Mark; Jordan, Miriam; Bromwich, Jonah Engel; Pérez-Peña, Richard; Fink, Sheri; Haag, Matthew; Goldman, Russell (October 5, 2017). "N.R.A. Supports New Rules on 'Bump Stock' Devices". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  64. ^ "Clark County Coroner Releases Names of Deceased from Oct. 1 Mass Shooting". Clark County, Nevada. October 10, 2017. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
  65. ^ Nelson, Joe (December 21, 2017). "Coroner releases all 58 1 October victims' cause of death". KVVU-TV. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  66. ^ Saul, John (October 6, 2017). "Coroner releases names of all 58 Las Vegas shooting victims". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  67. ^ "Manhattan Beach Police Department employee killed in Las Vegas mass shooting, officer wounded". Daily Breeze. October 2, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
  68. ^ "An off-duty police officer's final moments in Las Vegas". NBC News. October 4, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
  69. ^ "Coroner releases names of all 58 Las Vegas shooting victims". Las Vegas Sun. October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  70. ^ Mims, Bob; Ramseth, Luke (October 3, 2017). "Third Utahn dies in wake of Las Vegas massacre". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  71. ^ Gajanan, Mahita (November 19, 2019). "Las Vegas Massacre Claims Another Victim after Woman Dies 2 Years after She Was Shot". Time. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  72. ^ "Coroner Press Release" (Press release). San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  73. ^ Ritter, Ken (April 20, 2023). "Slain Vegas shooting victims' kin to split shooter's estate". Associated Press. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  74. ^ Schnur, Sabrina (April 20, 2023). "Stephen Paddock's guns destroyed, land sold, hearing confirms". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
  75. ^ Nestel, M.L.; Miller, Andrea (October 3, 2017). "These are the 10 deadliest mass shootings in modern US history". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  76. ^ Miller, Susan (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting now tops list of worst mass shootings in U.S. history". The Tennessean. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  77. ^ Torres-Cortez, Ricardo (January 19, 2018). "Sheriff: Person of interest part of Strip shooting probe; Paddock had child porn". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  78. ^ Crosby, Rachel; Brean, Henry; Hassan, Anita; Munks, Jamie; Bekker, Jessie (October 2, 2017). "'It was a horror show': Mass shooting leaves at least 59 dead, 527 wounded on Las Vegas Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  79. ^ Myers, Amanda Lee (October 3, 2017). "Vegas hospitals swamped with victims after high-rise attack". MSN. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  80. ^ Bekker, Jessie (October 4, 2017). "58 still in critical condition after Las Vegas mass shooting". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  81. ^ Woods, Alden (October 30, 2017). "'Is this real?': Seven hours of chaos, bravery at Las Vegas hospital after mass shooting". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  82. ^ Tanner, Courtney (October 7, 2017). "In the minutes and hours after the Las Vegas shooting, here's what an emergency room nurse from Utah saw". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on November 11, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  83. ^ Woods, Alden (December 4, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting: Patients went to wrong hospital as misinformation spread". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix: Gannett. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  84. ^ Hurt, Suzanne (October 3, 2017). "Southern California hospitals treat at least six Las Vegas mass shooting survivors". The Orange County Register. Southern California News Group. Archived from the original on November 11, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  85. ^ a b c Lozada, M. James; Cai, Stephanie; Li, Marissa; Davidson, Stephanie Lynne; Nix, Justin; Ramsey, Glenn (January 2019). "The Las Vegas Mass Shooting: An analysis of blood component administration and blood bank donations". Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 86 (1): 128–133. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000002089. ISSN 2163-0755. PMID 30371625. S2CID 53092628.
  86. ^ Hauser, Christine (October 2, 2017). "Blood Donation Lines for Las Vegas Shooting Victims Stretch for Blocks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  87. ^ Drash, Wayne. "Blood donations after mass shootings might be unnecessary". CNN. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  88. ^ "Donations for Las Vegas shooting victims are plentiful but disjointed". Las Vegas Review-Journal. October 12, 2017. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
  89. ^ "Martin Heffernan, Asst. Scoutmaster of Troop 801, Honored for Bravery and Heroism". BSA Orange County Council. September 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  90. ^ Granda, Carlos. "UCLA EMT honored for helping victims of Las Vegas shooting". ABC 7 Los Angeles. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  91. ^ a b "Soldier awarded for massacre bravery". BBC News. November 25, 2018. Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  92. ^ "Citizen Honors Awardee". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  93. ^ Rempfer, Kyle (October 6, 2017). "Army identifies soldier in viral photo shielding woman during Las Vegas shooting". Military Times. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  94. ^ Romper, Kyle (May 7, 2019). "'We got to get up there and help': California Marines receive Navy and Marine Corps Medal for heroism in Las Vegas mass shooting". Military Times. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  95. ^ "CENTCOM sailor earns Navy-Marine Corps Medal". DVIDS. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  96. ^ Bushatz, Amy (March 28, 2019). "Petty Officer Awarded First Coast Guard Medal Since 2016 for Heroism in Vegas Shooting". Military.com. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  97. ^ "Guardsman receives Utah Medal of Valor for heroism during mass shooting in Las Vegas". Utah National Guard.
  98. ^ Amaral, Brian (May 16, 2019). "Hero of Las Vegas mass shooting honored at R.I. State Police ceremony". Providence Journal. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
  99. ^ Nakano, Rina (August 30, 2019). "Five SDPD officers awarded 'Medal For Valor' for bravery during Las Vegas Shooting". 10 News San Diego. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  100. ^ Raphelson, Samantha (October 3, 2017). "Did The Las Vegas Shooter Use A Device That Helped Him Fire Faster?". NPR. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  101. ^ "5 days after Las Vegas massacre many questions remain, few answers". ABC News. October 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
  102. ^ Craig, Tim; Berman, Mark; Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt (October 3, 2017). "Police say Las Vegas gunman planned 'extensively,' used cameras to monitor police as they approached". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  103. ^ Slattery, Denis; Cullen, Terence; McShane, Larry (October 4, 2017). "Las Vegas killer Stephen Paddock was planning to escape after the mass shooting". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  104. ^ "Las Vegas gunman's nightstand note contained figures for wind, trajectory and distance: Officials". ABC News. October 8, 2017. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  105. ^ "Note in Las Vegas gunman's hotel room included details of bullet trajectory". CBS News. October 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  106. ^ "Las Vegas shooting: Paddock may have planned to escape". BBC News. October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  107. ^ "Las Vegas shooter Stephen Paddock fired 'incendiary' rounds at fuel tank". News Channel 5 Network. October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
  108. ^ Wang, Amy B.; Berman, Mark (February 10, 2018). "Las Vegas shooter was sober, autopsy finds, leaving his motives a mystery". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  109. ^ Crosby, Rachel; Thevenot, Carri Geer (February 2, 2018). "Prosecutors charge Arizona man who sold ammo to Las Vegas shooter". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  110. ^ "Arizona Man Sentenced For Illegally Manufacturing Ammunition Without A License". June 30, 2020.
  111. ^ Ortiz, Jorge L. (August 3, 2018). "Las Vegas sheriff: Investigation into mass shooting shows no conspiracy or second gunman". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  112. ^ Campbell, Josh (January 29, 2019). "FBI ends its investigation into the Las Vegas massacre – with no motive found". CNN. Archived from the original on January 29, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  113. ^ "Tech giants sorry for false Vegas news". BBC News. October 3, 2017. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  114. ^ De Vynck, Gerrit (October 2, 2017). "Fake News Fills Information Vacuum in Wake of Las Vegas Shooting". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  115. ^ Palma, Bethania (October 3, 2017). "Did a Second Gunman Shoot From the Fourth Floor of the Mandalay Bay Hotel?". Snopes.com. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  116. ^ a b Strauss, Ben; Robertson, Derek (October 3, 2017). "Misinformation Is the New Normal of Mass Shootings". Politico. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  117. ^ Roose, Kevin (October 2, 2017). "After Las Vegas Shooting, Fake News Regains Its Megaphone". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  118. ^ Spencer, Saranac Hale (October 5, 2017). "No Evidence Linking Vegas Shooter to Antifa". FactCheck.org. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  119. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (October 3, 2017). "Stephen Paddock: Isis gives Las Vegas gunman jihadi name in new claim amid widespread scepticism over terror links". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  120. ^ Schwartz, Jason (October 2, 2017). "Did some media play into ISIS's hands? Some conservative outlets hyped the terror group's claim that it was responsible for the Las Vegas shooting". Politico. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  121. ^ "Behind ISIS' bizarre claim on the Las Vegas massacre". CBS News. October 6, 2017. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  122. ^ Savransky, Rebecca (October 2, 2017). "FBI: Las Vegas shooting has no connection with international terrorist group". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  123. ^ a b Levin, Sam (October 2, 2017). "Facebook and Google promote politicized fake news about Las Vegas shooter". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  124. ^ Pierson, David (October 2, 2017). "Facebook and Google pledged to stop fake news. So why did they promote Las Vegas-shooting hoaxes?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  125. ^ Madrigal, Alexis C. (October 2, 2017). "Google and Facebook Failed Us". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  126. ^ Levin, Sam (October 26, 2017). "'I hope someone truly shoots you': online conspiracy theorists harass Vegas victims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  127. ^ a b Levin, Sam (February 28, 2018). "'Taking them down fuels it more': why conspiracy theories are unstoppable". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 1, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  128. ^ Kelly, Heather (October 5, 2017). "YouTube changes search to combat Las Vegas conspiracy videos". CNN. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  129. ^ Guynn, Jessica (October 5, 2017). "YouTube alters algorithm after searches for Las Vegas shooting turn up conspiracy theories". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 25, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  130. ^ Sandoval, Brian [@GovSandoval] (October 2, 2017). "A tragic & heinous act of violence has shaken the #Nevada family. Our prayers are w/ the victims & all affected by this act of cowardice" (Tweet). Retrieved October 2, 2017 – via Twitter.
  131. ^ Petit, Stephanie (October 2, 2017). "Taylor Swift, Lady Gaga, Jennifer Lopez, Rihanna and More React to Vegas Shooting". People. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  132. ^ Gambino, Lauren (October 3, 2017). "Gun control: Trump says lawmakers will discuss issue 'as time goes by'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  133. ^ "Las Vegas shooting: Trump dubs killer 'sick and demented'". BBC News. October 3, 2017. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  134. ^ Tong, Judy; Levin, Sam; Yuhas, Alan (October 3, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting suspect's girlfriend is a 'person of interest' – as it happened". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  135. ^ 82 FR 46653
  136. ^ Horsley, Scott (October 4, 2017). "Trump Visits Shooting Victims, First Responders in Las Vegas". NPR. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  137. ^ Lee, Kurtis; Montero, David (October 7, 2017). "Vice President Mike Pence in Las Vegas: 'We are united in our grief'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 27, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  138. ^ Munks, Jamie (October 16, 2017). "Thousands walk on Strip to remember Las Vegas shooting victims". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  139. ^ Rehbein, Matt (November 12, 2017). "Heavy security blankets Las Vegas Marathon in wake of shooting". CNN. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  140. ^ "Golden Knights opt for #VegasStrong on boards over ads in home opener". NHL.com. NHL Enterprises, L.P. October 10, 2017. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  141. ^ Granger, Jesse (March 31, 2018). "Golden Knights retire jersey No. 58 to honor shooting victims". Las Vegas Sun. Greenspun Media Group. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  142. ^ "Mandalay Bay room 32135 will never see another guest. Here's what has happened to other mass shooting sites". Los Angeles Times. October 21, 2017.
  143. ^ 2021 Room 32–135 Mandalay Bay no more room access, August 25, 2021, retrieved June 17, 2022
  144. ^ Segall, Eli (October 20, 2017). "Site of Las Vegas shooting faces a cloudy future". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  145. ^ Komenda, Ed. "Las Vegas shooting site to become community center, will host sporting events". USA Today. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  146. ^ Katsilometes, John (December 30, 2022). "MGM Resorts sells most of Oct. 1 site to tribal interest". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2023.
  147. ^ Lacanlale, Rio (August 2, 2021). "MGM donates land for Route 91 memorial to be built at site of shooting". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  148. ^ "The Police Officer Who "Froze" For 5 Minutes In A Hallway During The Las Vegas Massacre Has Been Fired". BuzzFeed News. July 3, 2019.
  149. ^ "Vegas Officer Fired for Inaction in 2017 Massacre Reinstated". U.S.News. Associated Press. March 13, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  150. ^ Egelko, Bob (October 8, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting highlights wide gaps in gun laws". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  151. ^ Shabad, Rebecca (November 6, 2017). "Proposed bans on bump stocks have stalled in Congress". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  152. ^ "After Las Vegas mass shooting, 'bump stock' is hot at gun stores". CNBC. Reuters. October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  153. ^ del Valle, Lauren (November 6, 2017). "Massachusetts becomes first state to ban bump stocks since Vegas massacre". CNN. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  154. ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 18, 2018). "Trump administration moves to ban bump stocks". AP News. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  155. ^ Murtha, Alex (October 10, 2017). "Bill to ban high-capacity gun magazines introduced in Senate". Homeland Preparedness News. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  156. ^ Kilgore, Tomi (October 2, 2017). "Gun-maker stocks rally after mass shooting in Las Vegas". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  157. ^ Mosendz, Polly; Stock, Kyle (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Horror Drives All-Too-Predictable Gun Stock Rally". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  158. ^ Chang, Alvin (March 7, 2018). "Gun sales usually skyrocket after mass shootings. But not this time". Vox Media. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. The first high-profile shooting during the Trump administration was the Las Vegas massacre in October 2017, which killed 58 people and was the deadliest mass shooting in modern US history. Yet that didn't make gun sales spike.
  159. ^ Rojanasakul, Mira (November 7, 2017). "Gun Sales in America Have Stopped Spiking After Mass Shootings". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. Would-be gun buyers hardly budged after last month's Las Vegas shooting that left 58 people dead and hundreds more injured at an outdoor concert venue.
  160. ^ Ferrara, David (November 20, 2017). "Lawsuit filed on behalf of 450 Las Vegas shooting victims". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  161. ^ Oppel Jr., Richard A. (July 17, 2018). "MGM Resorts Sues 1,000 Victims of Las Vegas Shooting, Seeking to Avoid Liability". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  162. ^ Garcia Cano, Regina (July 18, 2018). "MGM sues Vegas shooting victims in push to avoid liability". AP News. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  163. ^ "Las Vegas shooting victims reach $735m settlement from MGM Resorts". BBC News. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  164. ^ Rose, Andy; Silverman, Hollie (September 30, 2020). "A judge has approved an $800 million settlement for victims of the Las Vegas shooting". CNN. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  165. ^ Zach Shonfeld (June 14, 2024). "Supreme Court invalidates Trump-era bump stock ban". Retrieved July 16, 2024.
  166. ^ Molina, Brett (November 8, 2018). "Some Thousand Oaks victims survived mass shooting in Las Vegas, reports say" [Thousand Oaks bar shooting: Some victims survived Las Vegas attack]. USA Today. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018. Some people who survived the Borderline Bar & Grill shooting that left 13 dead, including the gunman, also escaped the mass shooting at the Route 91 music festival in Las Vegas last year, according to the Los Angeles Times and New York Times. "A lot of people in the Route 91 situation go here," Chandler Gunn, 23, told the LA Times.
  167. ^ Fang, Marina (November 8, 2018). "Some Thousand Oaks Shooting Survivors Also Witnessed Las Vegas Massacre". HuffPost. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018. Dozens of people who were at the country music bar outside Los Angeles when a gunman opened fire late Wednesday also survived the October 2017 Las Vegas massacre .... [Nick Champion said,] "I was in the Las Vegas Route 91 mass shooting, as well as probably 50 or 60 others who were in the building at the same time as me tonight."
  168. ^ "Vegas survivor dies in California attack". BBC. November 9, 2018. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  169. ^ Gebbia, Charles (June 7, 2023). "OLIN and SWA are among shortlisted firms to design memorial in Las Vegas commemorating victims of mass shooting". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved July 14, 2024.

Video source

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Las Vegas Strip shooting.
Wikiquote has quotations related to 2017 Las Vegas shooting.

Read other articles:

الوطنية المصرية للتطوير والتنمية الصناعية

الوطنية المصرية للتطوير والتنمية الصناعيةالشعارمعلومات عامةالجنسية  مصرالتأسيس 2018 (منذ 5 سنوات)النوع شركة مساهمة حكوميةالمقر الرئيسي بدر، محافظة القاهرةموقع الويب encid.com.egالمنظومة الاقتصاديةالشركة الأم جهاز مشروعات الخدمة الوطنية للقوات المسلحةالنشاط صناعة النسيج وم

 

 

Operasi Odyssey Dawn

Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini ditulis atau diterjemahkan secara buruk dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Jika halaman ini ditujukan untuk komunitas bahasa Inggris, halaman itu harus dikontribusikan ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Lihat daftar bahasa Wikipedia. Artikel yang tidak diterjemahkan dapat dihapus secara cepat sesuai kriteria A2. Jika Anda ingin memeriksa artikel ini, Anda boleh menggunakan mesin penerjemah. Namun ingat, mohon tidak men...

 

 

Oberpfalz

Lambang dari Oberpfalz Oberpfalz (bahasa Inggris: Upper Palatinate) adalah satu dari tujuh distrik administratif di Bavaria, Jerman, yang terletak di Bavaria Timur. Oberpfalz (Upper Palatinate) di Bavaria secara tradisional telah diperintah oleh Wangsa Wittelsbach oleh para elektor mereka di Palatinate sepanjang Sungai Rhein. Wangsa Wittelsbach tinggal dalam kemegahan istana di Heidelberg dan kemudian tinggal di istana Barok di Mannheim; yang merupakan istana terbesar di Jerman. Pada tahu...

Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Pilar y San Rafael (Melo)

Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Pilar y San Rafael Monumento Histórico Nacional LocalizaciónPaís UruguayDivisión MeloDirección MeloCoordenadas 32°22′29″S 54°10′09″O / -32.3746, -54.1692Información religiosaCulto CatolicismoDiócesis Diócesis de MeloAdvocación Virgen del Pilar y arcángel RafaelHistoria del edificioFundación 1888Construcción 1888Datos arquitectónicosTipo Catedral-Basílica[editar datos en Wikidata] La Catedral de Nuestra Señora d...

 

 

رون ديكرسون

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2019) رون ديكرسون معلومات شخصية الميلاد 2 يوليو 1948 (75 سنة)  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  عضو في كابا ألفا بسي  [لغات أخرى]‏  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم ج...

 

 

The New Janitor

The New Janitoradegan dari filmSutradara Charlie Chaplin Produser Mack Sennett Ditulis olehPemeran Charles Chaplin Jess Dandy John T. Dillon Al St. John SinematograferFrank D. WilliamsPerusahaanproduksiKeystone StudiosDistributorMutual FilmTanggal rilis 24 September 1914 (1914-09-24) Durasi16 menitNegara Amerika Serikat BahasaFilm bisu dengan antar judul Inggris Film lengkap The New Janitor adalah film komedi ke-27 dari Keystone Studios yang menampilkan Charlie Chaplin. Film tersebut dia...

Надмалий підводний човен

Американський надмалий підводний човен X-1 під час морських випробувань Надмалий підводний човен (також використовується назва мінісубмарина) — це будь-який підводний човен тоннажністю меншою 150 тонн.[1] Його екіпаж зазвичай складається з одного-двох, іноді до 6-9 о...

 

 

Sint-Saturninuskerk (Mielen-boven-Aalst)

Sint-Saturninuskerk De Sint-Saturninuskerk is de parochiekerk van Mielen-boven-Aalst, gelegen aan Kerkstraat 1. Geschiedenis Reeds in 1107 was er sprake van een parochie in Mielen. Deze kwam in 1161 onder gezag van de Abdij van Sint-Truiden. Het huidige koor is laatgotisch en werd omstreeks 1540-1545 gebouwd. Het huidige neogotische schip werd van 1845-1851 gebouwd naar ontwerp van Joseph Gérard. De sacristie is van 1861 en werd eveneens door Gérard ontworpen. De toren, een ontwerp van Bric...

 

 

John L. Fead House

United States historic placeJohn L. Fead HouseU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesMichigan State Historic Site Show map of MichiganShow map of the United StatesLocation5349 Washington St., Lexington, MichiganCoordinates43°16′18″N 82°31′45″W / 43.27167°N 82.52917°W / 43.27167; -82.52917Area2 acres (0.81 ha)Built1890 (1890)Architectural styleQueen AnneNRHP reference No.78001510[1]Added to NRHPOctober 5, 1978 The John L. F...

ترافيس تايلور (لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ترافيس تايلور (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2019) ترافيس تايلور معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإنجليزية: Travis Lamont Taylor)‏  الميلاد 30 مارس 1978 (45 سنة)  فرناندينا ب...

 

 

S. Chellapandi

Indian politician This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: S. Chellapandi – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) S. ChellapandianMember of the Madras State AssemblyIn office1952–1957Preceded byS. DasaratharamConstituencyCheranmadevi Personal detailsPolitical partyIn...

 

 

Talk (bài hát)

TalkĐĩa đơn của Coldplaytừ album X&Y Mặt BGravitySleeping SunPhát hành19 tháng 12 năm 2005Định dạng7, CD, DVDThể loạiAlternative rockThời lượng5:11 (bản album)4:29 (hiệu đỉnh radio quốc tế)4:05 (hiệu đỉnh radio Hoa Kỳ)Hãng đĩaParlophone/EMICapitolSáng tác Guy Berryman Jonny Buckland Will Champion Chris Martin Ralf Hütter Karl Bartos Emil Schult Sản xuấtDanton Supple, ColdplayThứ tự đĩa đơn của Coldp...

Mohammed Zaman Kiani

British Indian army officer Major GeneralMohammed Zaman KianiKiani in the 1940sMinister of Information of PakistanPresidentMuhammad Zia-ul-Haq Personal detailsBorn1 October 1910Shakarparian, Rawalpindi District, British India (Now Islamabad, Pakistan)Died4 June 1981(1981-06-04) (aged 70)Alma materIndian Military AcademyMilitary serviceAllegiance British Raj (1931-1942) Free India (1942-1945) Pakistan (1947-1981)Branch/service British Indian Army Indian National Army  ...

 

 

Viswasam

2019 film directed by Siva ViswasamTheatrical release posterDirected bySivaWritten bySivaAadhi NarayanaK. ManikandanRa. SavarimuthuAntony BakyarajChandran PachaimuthuProduced byT. G. Thyagarajan(presenter)Sendhil ThyagarajanArjun ThyagarajanStarringAjith KumarNayantharaJagapathi BabuCinematographyVetri PalanisamyEdited byRubenMusic byD. ImmanProductioncompanySathya Jyothi FilmsDistributed byKJR StudiosRaja Mannar FilmsSakthi Film FactoryRelease date 10 January 2019 (2019-01-10)...

 

 

Philippine rat snake

Species of snake Philippine rat snake Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Serpentes Family: Colubridae Genus: Coelognathus Species: C. erythrurus Binomial name Coelognathus erythrurus(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Synonyms Plagiodon erythrurus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 Coelognathus erythr...

Ethical naturalism

Meta-ethical view This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ethical naturalism (also called moral naturalism or naturalistic cognitivistic definism)[1] is the meta-ethical view which claims that: Ethical sentence...

 

 

University of Gour Banga

Public university in Malda, West Bengal This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: University of Gour Banga – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) University of Gour BangaMotto in EnglishKeep WalkingTypePublic universityEstabl...

 

 

Spiral Live at Montreux 1978

1978 live album by Muhal Richard AbramsSpiral Live at Montreux 1978Live album by Muhal Richard AbramsReleased1978RecordedJuly 22, 1978GenreJazzLength42:28LabelArista/NovusMuhal Richard Abrams chronology Lifea Blinec(1978) Spiral Live at Montreux 1978(1978) Spihumonesty(1979) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1] Spiral Live at Montreux 1978 is a live album by Muhal Richard Abrams recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival and released on the Arista Novus label i...

Daftar katedral di Malaysia

Katedral Santo Yohanes di Kuala Lumpur. Katedral Hati Kudus di Kota Kinabalu. Katedral Santo Yosef di Kuching. Ini adalah daftar katedral di Malaysia diurutkan berdasarkan denominasi. Katolik Katedral Gereja Katolik di Malaysia:[1] Provinsi Gerejawi Kuala Lumpur Katedral Santo Yohanes di Kuala Lumpur Katedral Roh Kudus di George Town Katedral Hati Kudus Yesus di Johor Bahru Provinsi Gerejawi Kota Kinabalu Katedral Hati Kudus di Kota Kinabalu Katedral Santa Maria di Sandakan Katedral S...

 

 

قصور الكظر

قصور الكظر الغدة الكظريةالغدة الكظرية معلومات عامة الاختصاص علم الغدد الصم  من أنواع أمراض الغدد الصماء  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   فيديو توضيحي قصور الكظر، حالة مرضية تعجز فيها الغدة الكظرية عن إنتاج كميات كافية من الهرمونات الستيروئيدية، وبشكل أساسي الكورتيزول، وقد ...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!