112th United States Congress

112th United States Congress
111th ← → 113th
United States Capitol (2011)
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013
Members	100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Democratic
Senate President	Joe Biden (D)
House majority	Republican
House Speaker	John Boehner (R)
Sessions
1st: January 5, 2011 – January 3, 2012 2nd: January 3, 2012 – January 3, 2013

House of Representatives member pin for the 112th U.S. Congress

The 112th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008. Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census.^[1][2]

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives. While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.^[3]

This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003), and the first Congress to begin that way since the 99th Congress (1985–1987).^{[citation needed]} It was also the first Congress since the 36th Congress, over 150 years, in which the Republican Party held the House but not the Senate. In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949).^[4] This was the only Congress between the 79th (1945–1947) and the 117th (2021–2023) that did not include a member of the Kennedy family.

As of 2022, this is the most recent Congress in which Democrats held a Senate seat in Nebraska or a House seat in Arkansas, the last in which Republicans held both Senate seats in Maine, and the last in which Democrats did not hold all seats in Connecticut.

Major events

President Obama delivered the 2011 State of the Union Address on January 25, 2011

After delivering the 2012 State of the Union Address on January 24, 2012, President Obama embraces Representative Gabby Giffords, who had been shot the previous year.

Main articles: 2011 in the United States, 2012 in the United States, and 2013 in the United States

• January 6, 2011: On the second day of the 112th Congress, the House of Representatives read a modified version of the U.S. Constitution, a first.^[5]
• January 8, 2011: 2011 Tucson shooting: Representative Gabby Giffords and nineteen other people were shot by a gunman in Tucson, Arizona. Six of them, including a federal judge and a congressional aide, died. Votes on the House floor were suspended for one week.
• January 25, 2011: 2011 State of the Union Address
• March 19, 2011: The United States initiated Operation Odyssey Dawn as part of the international military intervention in the Libyan Civil War.^[6] The intervention continued under the auspices of NATO as Operation Unified Protector until the end of military operations in October 2011.
• May 2, 2011: Navy SEALs killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden in Operation Neptune Spear.
• April 9, 2011: A last-minute deal between both parties averts a partial shutdown of the federal government.
• August 2, 2011: The 2011 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the Budget Control Act of 2011.
• December 18, 2011: The United States completed its withdrawal of troops from Iraq, formally ending the Iraq War.^[7]
• January 24, 2012: 2012 State of the Union Address
• June 28, 2012: In National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, the Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act's constitutionality but found the expansion of Medicaid unconstitutionally coercive on the states.
• November 6, 2012: 2012 general elections, including:
  • 2012 United States House of Representatives elections, in which Democrats gained eight seats, but not enough to retake the majority
  • 2012 United States Senate elections, in which Democrats gained two seats in their majority
  • 2012 United States presidential election, in which Barack Obama was re-elected to a second term
• December 14, 2012: The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting leaves 28 dead, and prompts debate on gun control in the United States.^[8]
• January 1, 2013: United States fiscal cliff avoided. (See American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012)

Potential government shutdown

A failure to pass a 2011 federal budget nearly led to a shutdown of non-essential government services on April 9, 2011, with the furlough of 800,000 government employees appearing imminent.^[9] President Obama met Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner in the days preceding the deadline but was unable to come to an agreement to pass a budget.^{[citation needed]} A one-week budget was proposed to avoid a government shutdown and allow more time for negotiations; however, proposals from both parties could not be accommodated.^{[citation needed]} Obama said he would veto a proposed Republican budget over Republican social spending cuts.^{[citation needed]} This was also backed by Senate Democrats who objected to such cuts as that of Planned Parenthood.^[10][11][12] However, an agreement was reached between the two parties for a one-week budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue.^[11] The two parties ultimately agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week.^{[citation needed]}

There were many reactions to the possible shutdown with some saying the economy could be hurt during a fragile recovery^[13] and others saying the lack of an unnecessary bureaucracy would not be noticed.^[14] There was also criticism that while senators and representatives would continue to get paid others such as the police and military personnel would either not be paid for their work or have their payments deferred.^[15]

Debt limit crisis

Speaker Boehner meeting with President Obama at the White House during the 2011 debt ceiling crisis

Main article: United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011

On August 2, 2011, the United States public debt was projected to reach its statutory maximum. Without an increase in that limit the U.S. Treasury would be unable to borrow money to pay its bills. Although previous statutory increases have been routine, conservative members of the House refused to allow an increase without drastically reducing government spending. Over several weeks and months, negotiators from both parties, both houses, and the White House worked to forge a compromise. The compromise bill, the Budget Control Act of 2011, was enacted on August 2.

Major legislation

Enacted

Main article: List of acts of the 112th United States Congress

• April 15, 2011: 2011 United States federal budget (as Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011), Pub. L. 112–10 (text) (PDF)
• August 2, 2011: Budget Control Act of 2011, Pub. L. 112–25 (text) (PDF)
• September 16, 2011: Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, Pub. L. 112–29 (text) (PDF)
• October 21, 2011: United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Pub. L. 112–41 (text) (PDF)
• October 21, 2011: United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, Pub. L. 112–42 (text) (PDF)
• October 21, 2011: United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, Pub. L. 112–43 (text) (PDF)
• December 20, 2011: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, Pub.L. 112-74
• December 31, 2011: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, Pub. L. 112–81 (text) (PDF)
• February 22, 2012: Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112–96 (text) (PDF)
• March 8, 2012: Federal Restricted Buildings and Grounds Improvement Act of 2011, Pub. L. 112–98 (text) (PDF)
• April 4, 2012: Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (STOCK Act), Pub. L. 112–105 (text) (PDF)
• April 5, 2012: Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act), Pub. L. 112–106 (text) (PDF)
• May 30, 2012: Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012, Pub.L. 112-122
• July 6, 2012: Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21 Act), Pub. L. 112–141 (text) (PDF)
• July 9, 2012: Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA), Pub. L. 112–144 (text) (PDF)
• September 28, 2012: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013, Pub. L. 112–175 (text) (PDF)
• November 27, 2012: Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112–199 (text) (PDF)
• November 27, 2012: European Union Emissions Trading Scheme Prohibition Act, Pub.L. 112-200
• December 14, 2012: Magnitsky Act, Pub. L. 112–208 (text) (PDF)
• January 2, 2013: American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112–240 (text) (PDF)
• January 10, 2013: Katie Sepich Enhanced DNA Collection Act of 2012 (Katie's Law), Pub.L. 111-253

Proposed

• American Jobs Act, S. 1549
• Cut, Cap and Balance Act, H.R. 2560
• Domestic Fuels Protection Act H.R. 4345
• Federal Reserve Transparency Act, S. 202, H.R. 459
• No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act, H.R. 3
• PROTECT IP Act, S. 968
• Protect Life Act, H.R. 358
• Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act, H.R. 2
• Respect for Marriage Act, S. 598, H.R. 1116
• Stop Online Piracy Act, H.R. 3261

See also: Active Legislation, 112th Congress, via senate.gov

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate

Final Senate Membership
     51 Democrats

     47 Republicans

     2 Independents, caucusing with Democrats

	Party (shading indicates majority caucus)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic	Independent (caucusing with Democrats)	Republican
End of previous Congress	56	2	42	100	0
Begin	51	2	47	100	0
May 3, 2011			46	99	1
May 9, 2011			47	100	0
December 17, 2012	50			99	1
December 26, 2012	51			100	0
January 1, 2013			46	99	1
January 2, 2013			47	100	0
Final voting share	53%		47%
Beginning of the next Congress	53	2	45	100	0

House of Representatives

Final House Membership
     191 Democrats

     240 Republicans

     4 Vacant

	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic	Republican
End of previous Congress	255	179	434	1
Begin	193	242	435	0
February 9, 2011		241	434	1
February 28, 2011	192		433	2
May 9, 2011		240	432	3
May 24, 2011	193		433	2
June 21, 2011	192		432	3
July 12, 2011	193		433	2
August 3, 2011	192		432	3
September 13, 2011		242	434	1
January 25, 2012	191		433	2
January 31, 2012	192		434	1
March 6, 2012	191		433	2
March 20, 2012	190		432	3
June 12, 2012	191		433	2
July 7, 2012		241	432	3
July 31, 2012		240	431	4
August 15, 2012	190		430	5
November 13, 2012	192	241	433	2
November 15, 2012	193		434	1
November 21, 2012	192		433	2
December 3, 2012	191		432	3
January 2, 2013		240	431	4
Final voting share	44.3%	55.7%
Non-voting members	6	0	6	0
Beginning of next Congress	200	233	433	2

Leadership

Section contents: Senate: Majority (D), Minority (R) • House: Majority (R), Minority (D)

Senate

Senate President

Joe Biden (D)

Senate President pro Tempore

Daniel Inouye (D)
(until December 17, 2012)

Patrick Leahy (D)
(from December 17, 2012)

• President: Joe Biden (D)
• President pro tempore: Daniel Inouye (D), until December 17, 2012
  • Patrick Leahy (D), from December 17, 2012

Majority (Democratic) leadership

• Majority Leader and Caucus Chair: Harry Reid
• Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): Dick Durbin
• Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman and Policy Committee Chairman: Chuck Schumer^[16]
• Senatorial Campaign Committee Chairman and Caucus Secretary: Patty Murray^[17][18]
• Policy Committee Vice Chairman: Debbie Stabenow^[18]
• Steering and Outreach Committee Chairman: Mark Begich^[18]
• Steering and Outreach Committee Vice Chairman: Daniel Akaka
• Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer

Minority (Republican) leadership

• Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell
• Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Jon Kyl
• Republican Conference Chairman: Lamar Alexander, until 2012
  • John Thune, from 2012
• Policy Committee Chairman: John Thune, until 2012
  • John Barrasso, from 2012
• Republican Conference Vice Chairman: John Barrasso, until 2012
  • Roy Blunt, from 2012
• National Senatorial Committee Chair: John Cornyn
• Deputy Whips: Roy Blunt, Richard Burr, Mike Crapo, Saxby Chambliss, Rob Portman, Olympia Snowe, David Vitter, Roger Wicker

House of Representatives

Speaker of the House

John Boehner (R)

• Speaker: John Boehner (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

• Majority Leader: Eric Cantor
• Majority Whip: Kevin McCarthy
• Majority Chief Deputy Whip: Peter Roskam
• House Rules Committee Chairman: David Dreier
• Republican Conference Chairman: Jeb Hensarling
• Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Pete Sessions
• Policy Committee Chairman: Tom Price
• Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Cathy McMorris Rodgers
• Republican Conference Secretary: John Carter
• Campaign Committee Deputy Chairman: Greg Walden

Minority (Democratic) leadership

• Minority Leader: Nancy Pelosi
• Minority Whip: Steny Hoyer
• Assistant Democratic Leader: Jim Clyburn
• Senior Chief Deputy Minority Whip: John Lewis
• Chief Deputy Minority Whips: Maxine Waters, Jim Matheson, Ed Pastor, Jan Schakowsky, Joseph Crowley, Diana DeGette, G. K. Butterfield, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Peter Welch
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: John B. Larson
• Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Xavier Becerra
• Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Steve Israel
• Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro and George Miller^[19]
• Organization, Study, and Review Chairman: Mike Capuano^[20]

Members

For the first time in the history of Congress, over half its members were millionaires as of 2012; Democrats had a median net worth of $1.04 million, while the Republicans median was "almost exactly" $1.00 million.^[21][22] In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2014; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2016.

Senate

Alabama ▌2. Jeff Sessions (R) ▌3. Richard Shelby (R) Alaska ▌2. Mark Begich (D) ▌3. Lisa Murkowski (R) Arizona ▌1. Jon Kyl (R) ▌3. John McCain (R) Arkansas ▌2. Mark Pryor (D) ▌3. John Boozman (R) California ▌1. Dianne Feinstein (D) ▌3. Barbara Boxer (D) Colorado ▌2. Mark Udall (D) ▌3. Michael Bennet (D) Connecticut ▌1. Joe Lieberman (ID) ▌3. Richard Blumenthal (D) Delaware ▌1. Tom Carper (D) ▌2. Chris Coons (D) Florida ▌1. Bill Nelson (D) ▌3. Marco Rubio (R) Georgia ▌2. Saxby Chambliss (R) ▌3. Johnny Isakson (R) Hawaii ▌1. Daniel Akaka (D) ▌3. Daniel Inouye (D), until December 17, 2012 ▌Brian Schatz (D), from December 26, 2012 Idaho ▌2. Jim Risch (R) ▌3. Mike Crapo (R) Illinois ▌2. Dick Durbin (D) ▌3. Mark Kirk (R) Indiana ▌1. Richard Lugar (R) ▌3. Dan Coats (R) Iowa ▌2. Tom Harkin (D) ▌3. Chuck Grassley (R) Kansas ▌2. Pat Roberts (R) ▌3. Jerry Moran (R) Kentucky ▌2. Mitch McConnell (R) ▌3. Rand Paul (R) Louisiana ▌2. Mary Landrieu (D) ▌3. David Vitter (R) Maine ▌1. Olympia Snowe (R) ▌2. Susan Collins (R) Maryland ▌1. Ben Cardin (D) ▌3. Barbara Mikulski (D) Massachusetts ▌1. Scott Brown (R) ▌2. John Kerry (D) Michigan ▌1. Debbie Stabenow (D) ▌2. Carl Levin (D) Minnesota ▌1. Amy Klobuchar (DFL)[a] ▌2. Al Franken (DFL)[a] Mississippi ▌1. Roger Wicker (R) ▌2. Thad Cochran (R) Missouri ▌1. Claire McCaskill (D) ▌3. Roy Blunt (R)

Montana ▌1. Jon Tester (D) ▌2. Max Baucus (D) Nebraska ▌1. Ben Nelson (D) ▌2. Mike Johanns (R) Nevada ▌1. John Ensign (R), until May 3, 2011 ▌Dean Heller (R), from May 9, 2011 ▌3. Harry Reid (D) New Hampshire ▌2. Jeanne Shaheen (D) ▌3. Kelly Ayotte (R) New Jersey ▌1. Bob Menendez (D) ▌2. Frank Lautenberg (D) New Mexico ▌1. Jeff Bingaman (D) ▌2. Tom Udall (D) New York ▌1. Kirsten Gillibrand (D) ▌3. Charles Schumer (D) North Carolina ▌2. Kay Hagan (D) ▌3. Richard Burr (R) North Dakota ▌1. Kent Conrad (D-NPL)[a] ▌3. John Hoeven (R) Ohio ▌1. Sherrod Brown (D) ▌3. Rob Portman (R) Oklahoma ▌2. Jim Inhofe (R) ▌3. Tom Coburn (R) Oregon ▌2. Jeff Merkley (D) ▌3. Ron Wyden (D) Pennsylvania ▌1. Bob Casey Jr. (D) ▌3. Pat Toomey (R) Rhode Island ▌1. Sheldon Whitehouse (D) ▌2. Jack Reed (D) South Carolina ▌2. Lindsey Graham (R) ▌3. Jim DeMint (R), until January 2, 2013 ▌Tim Scott (R), from January 2, 2013 South Dakota ▌2. Tim Johnson (D) ▌3. John Thune (R) Tennessee ▌1. Bob Corker (R) ▌2. Lamar Alexander (R) Texas ▌1. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R) ▌2. John Cornyn (R) Utah ▌1. Orrin Hatch (R) ▌3. Mike Lee (R) Vermont ▌1. Bernie Sanders (I) ▌3. Patrick Leahy (D) Virginia ▌1. Jim Webb (D) ▌2. Mark Warner (D) Washington ▌1. Maria Cantwell (D) ▌3. Patty Murray (D) West Virginia ▌1. Joe Manchin (D) ▌2. Jay Rockefeller (D) Wisconsin ▌1. Herb Kohl (D) ▌3. Ron Johnson (R) Wyoming ▌1. John Barrasso (R) ▌2. Mike Enzi (R)

Party membership by state   2 Democrats   1 Democrat and 1 Republican   2 Republicans    1 Independent (caucuses with Democrats) and 1 Democrat Senate Majority Leaders Democratic Leader Harry Reid Democratic Whip Dick Durbin Senate Minority Leaders Republican Leader Mitch McConnell Republican Whip Jon Kyl

House of Representatives

For maps of congressional districts, see List of United States congressional districts.

Alabama ▌1. Jo Bonner (R) ▌2. Martha Roby (R) ▌3. Mike Rogers (R) ▌4. Robert Aderholt (R) ▌5. Mo Brooks (R) ▌6. Spencer Bachus (R) ▌7. Terri Sewell (D) Alaska ▌At-large. Don Young (R) Arizona ▌1. Paul Gosar (R) ▌2. Trent Franks (R) ▌3. Ben Quayle (R) ▌4. Ed Pastor (D) ▌5. David Schweikert (R) ▌6. Jeff Flake (R) ▌7. Raúl Grijalva (D) ▌8. Gabby Giffords (D), until January 25, 2012 ▌Ron Barber (D), from June 12, 2012 Arkansas ▌1. Rick Crawford (R) ▌2. Tim Griffin (R) ▌3. Steve Womack (R) ▌4. Mike Ross (D) California ▌1. Mike Thompson (D) ▌2. Wally Herger (R) ▌3. Dan Lungren (R) ▌4. Tom McClintock (R) ▌5. Doris Matsui (D) ▌6. Lynn Woolsey (D) ▌7. George Miller (D) ▌8. Nancy Pelosi (D) ▌9. Barbara Lee (D) ▌10. John Garamendi (D) ▌11. Jerry McNerney (D) ▌12. Jackie Speier (D) ▌13. Pete Stark (D) ▌14. Anna Eshoo (D) ▌15. Mike Honda (D) ▌16. Zoe Lofgren (D) ▌17. Sam Farr (D) ▌18. Dennis Cardoza (D), until August 15, 2012 Vacant from August 15, 2012 ▌19. Jeff Denham (R) ▌20. Jim Costa (D) ▌21. Devin Nunes (R) ▌22. Kevin McCarthy (R) ▌23. Lois Capps (D) ▌24. Elton Gallegly (R) ▌25. Howard McKeon (R) ▌26. David Dreier (R) ▌27. Brad Sherman (D) ▌28. Howard Berman (D) ▌29. Adam Schiff (D) ▌30. Henry Waxman (D) ▌31. Xavier Becerra (D) ▌32. Judy Chu (D) ▌33. Karen Bass (D) ▌34. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) ▌35. Maxine Waters (D) ▌36. Jane Harman (D), until February 28, 2011 ▌Janice Hahn (D), from July 12, 2011 ▌37. Laura Richardson (D) ▌38. Grace Napolitano (D) ▌39. Linda Sanchez (D) ▌40. Ed Royce (R) ▌41. Jerry Lewis (R) ▌42. Gary Miller (R) ▌43. Joe Baca (D) ▌44. Ken Calvert (R) ▌45. Mary Bono Mack (R) ▌46. Dana Rohrabacher (R) ▌47. Loretta Sanchez (D) ▌48. John Campbell (R) ▌49. Darrell Issa (R) ▌50. Brian Bilbray (R) ▌51. Bob Filner (D), until December 3, 2012 Vacant from December 3, 2012 ▌52. Duncan D. Hunter (R) ▌53. Susan Davis (D) Colorado ▌1. Diana DeGette (D) ▌2. Jared Polis (D) ▌3. Scott Tipton (R) ▌4. Cory Gardner (R) ▌5. Doug Lamborn (R) ▌6. Mike Coffman (R) ▌7. Ed Perlmutter (D) Connecticut ▌1. John Larson (D) ▌2. Joe Courtney (D) ▌3. Rosa DeLauro (D) ▌4. Jim Himes (D) ▌5. Chris Murphy (D) Delaware ▌At-large. John Carney (D) Florida ▌1. Jeff Miller (R) ▌2. Steve Southerland (R) ▌3. Corrine Brown (D) ▌4. Ander Crenshaw (R) ▌5. Rich Nugent (R) ▌6. Cliff Stearns (R) ▌7. John Mica (R) ▌8. Daniel Webster (R) ▌9. Gus Bilirakis (R) ▌10. Bill Young (R) ▌11. Kathy Castor (D) ▌12. Dennis Ross (R) ▌13. Vern Buchanan (R) ▌14. Connie Mack (R) ▌15. Bill Posey (R) ▌16. Tom Rooney (R) ▌17. Frederica Wilson (D) ▌18. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) ▌19. Ted Deutch (D) ▌20. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D) ▌21. Mario Diaz-Balart (R) ▌22. Allen West (R) ▌23. Alcee Hastings (D) ▌24. Sandy Adams (R) ▌25. David Rivera (R) Georgia ▌1. Jack Kingston (R) ▌2. Sanford Bishop (D) ▌3. Lynn Westmoreland (R) ▌4. Hank Johnson (D) ▌5. John Lewis (D) ▌6. Tom Price (R) ▌7. Rob Woodall (R) ▌8. Austin Scott (R) ▌9. Tom Graves (R) ▌10. Paul Broun (R) ▌11. Phil Gingrey (R) ▌12. John Barrow (D) ▌13. David Scott (D) Hawaii ▌1. Colleen Hanabusa (D) ▌2. Mazie Hirono (D) Idaho ▌1. Raul Labrador (R) ▌2. Mike Simpson (R) Illinois ▌1. Bobby Rush (D) ▌2. Jesse Jackson Jr. (D), until November 21, 2012. Vacant from November 21, 2012 ▌3. Dan Lipinski (D) ▌4. Luis Gutierrez (D) ▌5. Michael Quigley (D) ▌6. Peter Roskam (R) ▌7. Danny Davis (D) ▌8. Joe Walsh (R) ▌9. Jan Schakowsky (D) ▌10. Bob Dold (R) ▌11. Adam Kinzinger (R) ▌12. Jerry Costello (D) ▌13. Judy Biggert (R) ▌14. Randy Hultgren (R) ▌15. Tim Johnson (R) ▌16. Don Manzullo (R) ▌17. Bobby Schilling (R) ▌18. Aaron Schock (R) ▌19. John Shimkus (R) Indiana ▌1. Pete Visclosky (D) ▌2. Joe Donnelly (D) ▌3. Marlin Stutzman (R) ▌4. Todd Rokita (R) ▌5. Dan Burton (R) ▌6. Mike Pence (R) ▌7. André Carson (D) ▌8. Larry Bucshon (R) ▌9. Todd Young (R) Iowa ▌1. Bruce Braley (D) ▌2. David Loebsack (D) ▌3. Leonard Boswell (D) ▌4. Tom Latham (R) ▌5. Steve King (R) Kansas ▌1. Tim Huelskamp (R) ▌2. Lynn Jenkins (R) ▌3. Kevin Yoder (R) ▌4. Mike Pompeo (R) Kentucky ▌1. Ed Whitfield (R) ▌2. Brett Guthrie (R) ▌3. John Yarmuth (D) ▌4. Geoff Davis (R), until July 31, 2012 ▌Thomas Massie (R), from November 13, 2012[23] ▌5. Hal Rogers (R) ▌6. Ben Chandler (D) Louisiana ▌1. Steve Scalise (R) ▌2. Cedric Richmond (D) ▌3. Jeff Landry (R) ▌4. John Fleming (R) ▌5. Rodney Alexander (R) ▌6. Bill Cassidy (R) ▌7. Charles Boustany (R) Maine ▌1. Chellie Pingree (D) ▌2. Mike Michaud (D) Maryland ▌1. Andrew Harris (R) ▌2. Dutch Ruppersberger (D) ▌3. John Sarbanes (D) ▌4. Donna Edwards (D) ▌5. Steny Hoyer (D) ▌6. Roscoe Bartlett (R) ▌7. Elijah Cummings (D) ▌8. Chris Van Hollen (D) Massachusetts ▌1. John Olver (D) ▌2. Richard Neal (D) ▌3. Jim McGovern (D) ▌4. Barney Frank (D) ▌5. Niki Tsongas (D) ▌6. John Tierney (D) ▌7. Ed Markey (D) ▌8. Mike Capuano (D) ▌9. Stephen Lynch (D) ▌10. William Keating (D) Michigan ▌1. Dan Benishek (R) ▌2. Bill Huizenga (R) ▌3. Justin Amash (R) ▌4. Dave Camp (R) ▌5. Dale Kildee (D) ▌6. Fred Upton (R) ▌7. Tim Walberg (R) ▌8. Mike Rogers (R) ▌9. Gary Peters (D) ▌10. Candice Miller (R) ▌11. Thaddeus McCotter (R) until July 6, 2012 ▌David Curson (D) from November 13, 2012[23] ▌12. Sander Levin (D) ▌13. Hansen Clarke (D) ▌14. John Conyers (D) ▌15. John Dingell (D) Minnesota ▌1. Tim Walz (DFL)[a] ▌2. John Kline (R) ▌3. Erik Paulsen (R) ▌4. Betty McCollum (DFL)[a] ▌5. Keith Ellison (DFL)[a] ▌6. Michele Bachmann (R) ▌7. Collin Peterson (DFL)[a] ▌8. Chip Cravaack (R) Mississippi ▌1. Alan Nunnelee (R) ▌2. Bennie Thompson (D) ▌3. Gregg Harper (R) ▌4. Steven Palazzo (R)

Missouri ▌1. Lacy Clay (D) ▌2. Todd Akin (R) ▌3. Russ Carnahan (D) ▌4. Vicky Hartzler (R) ▌5. Emanuel Cleaver (D) ▌6. Sam Graves (R) ▌7. Bill Long (R) ▌8. Jo Ann Emerson (R) ▌9. Blaine Luetkemeyer (R) Montana ▌At-large. Denny Rehberg (R) Nebraska ▌1. Jeff Fortenberry (R) ▌2. Lee Terry (R) ▌3. Adrian Smith (R) Nevada ▌1. Shelley Berkley (D) ▌2. Dean Heller (R), until May 9, 2011 ▌Mark Amodei (R), from September 13, 2011 ▌3. Joe Heck (R) New Hampshire ▌1. Frank Guinta (R) ▌2. Charles Bass (R) New Jersey ▌1. Rob Andrews (D) ▌2. Frank LoBiondo (R) ▌3. Jon Runyan (R) ▌4. Chris Smith (R) ▌5. Scott Garrett (R) ▌6. Frank Pallone (D) ▌7. Leonard Lance (R) ▌8. Bill Pascrell (D) ▌9. Steve Rothman (D) ▌10. Donald Payne (D), until March 6, 2012 ▌Donald Payne Jr. (D), from November 15, 2012[24] ▌11. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R) ▌12. Rush Holt Jr. (D) ▌13. Albio Sires (D) New Mexico ▌1. Martin Heinrich (D) ▌2. Steve Pearce (R) ▌3. Ben Lujan (D) New York ▌1. Tim Bishop (D) ▌2. Steve Israel (D) ▌3. Peter King (R) ▌4. Carolyn McCarthy (D) ▌5. Gary Ackerman (D) ▌6. Gregory Meeks (D) ▌7. Joseph Crowley (D) ▌8. Jerrold Nadler (D) ▌9. Anthony Weiner (D), until June 21, 2011 ▌Bob Turner (R), from September 13, 2011 ▌10. Edolphus Towns (D) ▌11. Yvette Clarke (D) ▌12. Nydia Velazquez (D) ▌13. Michael Grimm (R) ▌14. Carolyn Maloney (D) ▌15. Charles Rangel (D) ▌16. José E. Serrano (D) ▌17. Eliot Engel (D) ▌18. Nita Lowey (D) ▌19. Nan Hayworth (R) ▌20. Chris Gibson (R) ▌21. Paul Tonko (D) ▌22. Maurice Hinchey (D) ▌23. Bill Owens (D) ▌24. Richard Hanna (R) ▌25. Ann Marie Buerkle (R) ▌26. Chris Lee (R), until February 9, 2011 ▌Kathy Hochul (D), from May 24, 2011 ▌27. Brian Higgins (D) ▌28. Louise Slaughter (D) ▌29. Tom Reed (R) North Carolina ▌1. G. K. Butterfield (D) ▌2. Renee Ellmers (R) ▌3. Walter B. Jones Jr. (R) ▌4. David Price (D) ▌5. Virginia Foxx (R) ▌6. Howard Coble (R) ▌7. Mike McIntyre (D) ▌8. Larry Kissell (D) ▌9. Sue Myrick (R) ▌10. Patrick McHenry (R) ▌11. Heath Shuler (D) ▌12. Mel Watt (D) ▌13. Brad Miller (D) North Dakota ▌At-large. Rick Berg (R) Ohio ▌1. Steve Chabot (R) ▌2. Jean Schmidt (R) ▌3. Mike Turner (R) ▌4. Jim Jordan (R) ▌5. Bob Latta (R) ▌6. Bill Johnson (R) ▌7. Steve Austria (R) ▌8. John Boehner (R) ▌9. Marcy Kaptur (D) ▌10. Dennis Kucinich (D) ▌11. Marcia Fudge (D) ▌12. Pat Tiberi (R) ▌13. Betty Sutton (D) ▌14. Steve LaTourette (R) ▌15. Steve Stivers (R) ▌16. Jim Renacci (R) ▌17. Tim Ryan (D) ▌18. Bob Gibbs (R) Oklahoma ▌1. John Sullivan (R) ▌2. Dan Boren (D) ▌3. Frank Lucas (R) ▌4. Tom Cole (R) ▌5. James Lankford (R) Oregon ▌1. David Wu (D), until August 3, 2011 ▌Suzanne Bonamici (D), from January 31, 2012 ▌2. Greg Walden (R) ▌3. Earl Blumenauer (D) ▌4. Peter DeFazio (D) ▌5. Kurt Schrader (D) Pennsylvania ▌1. Bob Brady (D) ▌2. Chaka Fattah (D) ▌3. Mike Kelly (R) ▌4. Jason Altmire (D) ▌5. Glenn Thompson (R) ▌6. Jim Gerlach (R) ▌7. Pat Meehan (R) ▌8. Mike Fitzpatrick (R) ▌9. Bill Shuster (R) ▌10. Tom Marino (R) ▌11. Lou Barletta (R) ▌12. Mark Critz (D) ▌13. Allyson Schwartz (D) ▌14. Michael Doyle (D) ▌15. Charlie Dent (R) ▌16. Joseph Pitts (R) ▌17. Tim Holden (D) ▌18. Timothy Murphy (R) ▌19. Todd Platts (R) Rhode Island ▌1. David Cicilline (D) ▌2. James Langevin (D) South Carolina ▌1. Tim Scott (R), until January 2, 2013[25] Vacant from January 2, 2013 ▌2. Joe Wilson (R) ▌3. Jeff Duncan (R) ▌4. Trey Gowdy (R) ▌5. Mick Mulvaney (R) ▌6. Jim Clyburn (D) South Dakota ▌At-large. Kristi Noem (R) Tennessee ▌1. Phil Roe (R) ▌2. Jimmy Duncan (R) ▌3. Chuck Fleischmann (R) ▌4. Scott DesJarlais (R) ▌5. Jim Cooper (D) ▌6. Diane Black (R) ▌7. Marsha Blackburn (R) ▌8. Stephen Fincher (R) ▌9. Steve Cohen (D) Texas ▌1. Louie Gohmert (R) ▌2. Ted Poe (R) ▌3. Sam Johnson (R) ▌4. Ralph Hall (R) ▌5. Jeb Hensarling (R) ▌6. Joe Barton (R) ▌7. John Culberson (R) ▌8. Kevin Brady (R) ▌9. Al Green (D) ▌10. Michael McCaul (R) ▌11. Mike Conaway (R) ▌12. Kay Granger (R) ▌13. Mac Thornberry (R) ▌14. Ron Paul (R) ▌15. Ruben Hinojosa (D) ▌16. Silvestre Reyes (D) ▌17. Bill Flores (R) ▌18. Sheila Jackson Lee (D) ▌19. Randy Neugebauer (R) ▌20. Charlie Gonzalez (D) ▌21. Lamar Smith (R) ▌22. Pete Olson (R) ▌23. Quico Canseco (R) ▌24. Kenny Marchant (R) ▌25. Lloyd Doggett (D) ▌26. Michael Burgess (R) ▌27. Blake Farenthold (R) ▌28. Henry Cuellar (D) ▌29. Gene Green (D) ▌30. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D) ▌31. John Carter (R) ▌32. Pete Sessions (R) Utah ▌1. Rob Bishop (R) ▌2. Jim Matheson (D) ▌3. Jason Chaffetz (R) Vermont ▌At-large. Peter Welch (D) Virginia ▌1. Rob Wittman (R) ▌2. Scott Rigell (R) ▌3. Bobby Scott (D) ▌4. Randy Forbes (R) ▌5. Robert Hurt (R) ▌6. Bob Goodlatte (R) ▌7. Eric Cantor (R) ▌8. Jim Moran (D) ▌9. Morgan Griffith (R) ▌10. Frank Wolf (R) ▌11. Gerry Connolly (D) Washington ▌1. Jay Inslee (D), until March 20, 2012 ▌Suzan DelBene (D), from November 13, 2012[23] ▌2. Rick Larsen (D) ▌3. Jaime Herrera Beutler (R) ▌4. Doc Hastings (R) ▌5. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R) ▌6. Norman Dicks (D) ▌7. Jim McDermott (D) ▌8. Dave Reichert (R) ▌9. Adam Smith (D) West Virginia ▌1. David McKinley (R) ▌2. Shelley Moore Capito (R) ▌3. Nick Rahall (D) Wisconsin ▌1. Paul Ryan (R) ▌2. Tammy Baldwin (D) ▌3. Ron Kind (D) ▌4. Gwen Moore (D) ▌5. Jim Sensenbrenner (R) ▌6. Tom Petri (R) ▌7. Sean Duffy (R) ▌8. Reid Ribble (R) Wyoming ▌At-large. Cynthia Lummis (R) Non-voting members ▌American Samoa. Eni Faleomavaega (D) ▌District of Columbia. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D) ▌Guam. Madeleine Bordallo (D) ▌Northern Mariana Islands. Gregorio Sablan (D) ▌Puerto Rico. Pedro Pierluisi (Resident Commissioner) (D/NPP)[26] ▌U.S. Virgin Islands. Donna Christian-Christensen (D)

Percentage of members from each party by state, ranging from dark blue (most Democratic) to dark red (most Republican). Members' party membership by district.   Democratic   Republican Freshman class of the House of Representatives, January 2011 House majority leadership Republican leader Eric Cantor Republican whip Kevin McCarthy House minority leadership Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi Democratic whip Steny Hoyer

Changes in membership

Senate

Senate changes

State (class)	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[b]
Nevada (1)	John Ensign (R)	Resigned May 3, 2011, due to an Ethics Committee investigation.[27] Successor appointed April 27, 2011 and later elected for a full six-year term.	Dean Heller (R)[28]	May 9, 2011[29]
Hawaii (3)	Daniel Inouye (D)	Died December 17, 2012 [30] Successor appointed December 26, 2012, to serve until a special election was held to finish the term ending January 3, 2017.	Brian Schatz (D)	December 27, 2012
South Carolina (3)	Jim DeMint (R)	Resigned January 1, 2013, to run The Heritage Foundation[31] Successor appointed January 2, 2013, to serve until a special election was held to finish the term ending January 3, 2017.	Tim Scott (R)	January 2, 2013[32]

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

House changes

District	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[b]
New York 26th	Christopher Lee (R)	Resigned February 9, 2011, due to a personal scandal.[33] A special election was held May 24, 2011.[34]	Kathy Hochul (D)	June 1, 2011
California 36th	Jane Harman (D)	Resigned February 28, 2011, to become the head of the Woodrow Wilson Center.[35] A special election was held July 12, 2011.[36]	Janice Hahn (D)	July 19, 2011
Nevada 2nd	Dean Heller (R)	Resigned May 9, 2011, when appointed to the Senate.[28] A special election was held September 13, 2011.[37]	Mark Amodei (R)	September 15, 2011
New York 9th	Anthony Weiner (D)	Resigned June 21, 2011, due to a personal scandal.[38] A special election was held September 13, 2011.[39]	Bob Turner (R)	September 15, 2011
Oregon 1st	David Wu (D)	Resigned August 3, 2011, due to a personal scandal. A special election was held January 31, 2012.[40]	Suzanne Bonamici (D)	February 7, 2012
Arizona 8th	Gabby Giffords (D)	Resigned January 25, 2012, to focus on recovery from 2011 Tucson shooting.[41] A special election was held June 12, 2012.[42]	Ron Barber (D)	June 19, 2012
New Jersey 10th	Donald M. Payne (D)	Died March 6, 2012.[43] A special election was held November 6, 2012.[44]	Donald Payne Jr. (D)	November 15, 2012[24]
Washington 1st	Jay Inslee (D)	Resigned March 20, 2012, to focus on gubernatorial campaign.[45] A special election was held November 6, 2012.[46]	Suzan DelBene (D)	November 13, 2012[23]
Michigan 11th	Thaddeus McCotter (R)	Resigned July 6, 2012, for personal reasons.[47] A special election was held November 6, 2012.[48]	David Curson (D)	November 13, 2012[23]
Kentucky 4th	Geoff Davis (R)	Resigned July 31, 2012, for personal reasons.[49] A special election was held November 6, 2012.[50]	Thomas Massie (R)	November 13, 2012[23]
California 18th	Dennis Cardoza (D)	Resigned August 15, 2012, for personal reasons.[51]	Vacant until the next Congress
Illinois 2nd	Jesse Jackson Jr. (D)	Resigned November 21, 2012, due to a personal scandal.
California 51st	Bob Filner (D)	Resigned December 3, 2012, to become mayor of San Diego.
South Carolina 1st	Tim Scott (R)	Resigned January 2, 2013, when appointed to the United States Senate.[25]

Committees

[ Section contents: Senate, House, Joint ]

Senate

Main article: List of United States Senate committees

Committee	Chairman	Ranking Member
Aging (special)	Herb Kohl (D-WI)	Bob Corker (R-TN)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry	Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)	Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Appropriations	Daniel Inouye (D-HI)	Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Armed Services	Carl Levin (D-MI)	John McCain (R-AZ)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs	Tim Johnson (D-SD)	Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Budget	Kent Conrad (D-ND)	Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Commerce, Science and Transportation	Jay Rockefeller (D-WV)	Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX)
Energy and Natural Resources	Jeff Bingaman (D-NM)	Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Environment and Public Works	Barbara Boxer (D-CA)	Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Ethics (select)	Barbara Boxer (D-CA)	Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Finance	Max Baucus (D-MT)	Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Foreign Relations	John Kerry (D-MA)	Richard Lugar (R-IN)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions	Tom Harkin (D-IA)	Mike Enzi (R-WY)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs	Joe Lieberman (I-CT)	Susan Collins (R-ME)
Indian Affairs	Daniel Akaka (D-HI)	John Barrasso (R-WY)
Intelligence (select)	Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)	Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Judiciary	Patrick Leahy (D-VT)	Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Rules and Administration	Chuck Schumer (D-NY)	Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship	Mary Landrieu (D-LA)	Olympia Snowe (R-ME)
Veterans' Affairs	Patty Murray (D-WA)	Richard Burr (R-NC)

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees

Committee	Chairman	Ranking Member
Agriculture	Frank Lucas (R-OK)	Collin Peterson (D-MN)
Appropriations	Harold Rogers (R-KY)	Nita Lowey (D-NY)
Armed Services	Buck McKeon (R-CA)	Adam Smith (D-WA)
Budget	Paul Ryan (R-WI)	Chris Van Hollen (D-MD)
Education and the Workforce	John Kline (R-MN)	George Miller (D-CA)
Energy and Commerce	Fred Upton (R-MI)	Henry Waxman (D-CA)
Ethics	Jo Bonner (R-AL)	Linda Sánchez (D-CA)
Financial Services	Spencer Bachus (R-AL)	Barney Frank (D-MA)
Foreign Affairs	Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL)	Howard Berman (D-CA)
Homeland Security	Peter King (R-NY)	Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House Administration	Dan Lungren (R-CA)	Robert Brady (D-PA)
Judiciary	Lamar Smith (R-TX)	John Conyers (D-MI)
Natural Resources	Doc Hastings (R-WA)	Ed Markey (D-MA)
Oversight and Government Reform	Darrell Issa (R-CA)	Elijah Cummings (D-MD)
Rules	David Dreier (R-CA)	Louise Slaughter (D-NY)
Science, Space & Technology	Ralph Hall (R-TX)	Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)
Small Business	Sam Graves (R-MO)	Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Transportation and Infrastructure	John Mica (R-FL)	Nick Rahall (D-WV)
Veterans' Affairs	Jeff Miller (R-FL)	Bob Filner (D-CA)
Ways and Means	Dave Camp (R-MI)	Sander Levin (D-MI)
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence	Mike Rogers (R-MI)	Dutch Ruppersberger (D-MD)

Joint appointments

Main article: List of United States congressional joint committees

• Deficit Reduction (Select)— Co-chairs: Rep. Jeb Hensarling (R), Sen. Patty Murray (D)
• Economic— Chair: Sen. Bob Casey Jr. (D), Ranking: Rep. Kevin Brady (R)
• Inaugural Ceremonies (Special)— Chair: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D), Ranking: Sen. Lamar Alexander (R)
• The Library— Chair: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D), Ranking: Rep. Gregg Harper (R)
• Printing— Chair: Rep. Gregg Harper (R), Ranking: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D)
• Taxation— Chair: Rep. Dave Camp (R), Ranking: Sen. Max Baucus (D)

Caucuses

Main article: Caucuses of the United States Congress

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Stephen T. Ayers
• Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Brian Monahan
• Comptroller General of the United States: Eugene Louis Dodaro
• Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Douglas W. Elmendorf
• Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
• Public Printer of the United States: William J. Boarman, until January 3, 2012
  • Davita Vance-Cooks, from January 3, 2012

Senate

• Chaplain: Barry C. Black (Seventh-day Adventist)
• Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
• Historian: Richard A. Baker
• Parliamentarian: Alan Frumin, until February 2, 2012
  • Elizabeth MacDonough, from February 2, 2012
• Secretary: Nancy Erickson
• Sergeant at Arms: Terrance W. Gainer
• Secretary for the Majority: Gary B. Myrick^[52]
• Secretary for the Minority: David J. Schiappa

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Daniel Coughlin (Roman Catholic), until April 14, 2011^[53]
  • Patrick J. Conroy (Roman Catholic), from May 25, 2011^[54]
• Chief Administrative Officer: Daniel J. Strodel^[53]
• Clerk: Karen L. Haas^[53]
• Historian: Matthew Wasniewski^[55]
• Parliamentarian: John V. Sullivan, until 2012
  • Thomas Wickham Jr., from 2012
• Reading Clerks: Susan Cole and Joseph Novotny
• Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood, until January 17, 2012^[53]
  • Paul D. Irving from January 17, 2012^[56]
• Inspector General: Theresa M. Grafenstine^[57]

See also

• Do Not Ask What Good We Do

Elections

• 2010 United States elections (elections held in advance of this Congress)
  • 2010 United States Senate elections
  • 2010 United States House of Representatives elections
• 2012 United States elections (elections to be held during this Congress)
  • 2012 United States presidential election
  • 2012 United States Senate elections
  • 2012 United States House of Representatives elections

Membership lists

• List of new members of the 112th United States Congress
• Members of the 112th United States Congress

Notes

1. The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party (D-NPL) are the Minnesota and North Dakota affiliates of the U.S. Democratic Party and are counted as Democrats.
2. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

1. Pub. L. 111–289 (text) (PDF)
2. Senate Calendar for January 20, 2012.
3. Zeleny, Jeff (November 2, 2010). "G.O.P. Captures House, but Not Senate". New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
4. Abramowitz, Alan (December 12, 2010). "Get ready for the most conservative Congress ever". Salon.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
5. Yadron, Danny (January 6, 2011). "House Reads Constitution, Gets Civics Lesson". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
6. Jeremiah Gertler (March 30, 2011). "Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
7. "US troops complete their withdrawal from Iraq". Herald Sun. Australia. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
8. Steinhauer, Jennifer (January 24, 2013). "Senator Unveils Bill to Limit Semiautomatic Arms". The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
9. Rowley, James (April 7, 2011). "U.S. Government Shutdown Threatens 800,000 People As Obama Seeks Solution". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
10. "US budget talks remain deadlocked". Al Jazeera. April 8, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
11. Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Faler, Brian (April 9, 2011). "Wrangle Over U.S. Budget Compromise Defines Next Two Years' Fiscal Debate". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
12. "Pres. Obama and Congressional Leaders Reach Budget Deal". C-SPAN. April 8, 2011. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
13. Dodge, Catherine; Goldman, Julianna (April 8, 2011). "Long Government Shutdown Would Harm U.S. Economy, Hit Washington Hardest". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
14. "Editorial: Government shutdown survival guide". The Washington Times. April 7, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
15. Goldman, Julianna (April 7, 2011). "Boehner Gets Paid While Soldiers Wait When Congress Shuts Down Government". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 10, 2011. Members of Congress 'shouldn't be getting paid, just like federal employees shouldn't be getting paid' during a shutdown, Boehner said today on ABC's 'Good Morning America'
16. "U.S. Senate, Democratic Committees". Archived from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
17. "U.S. Senate Conference Secretaries". Retrieved May 5, 2011.
18. "U.S. Senate, Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee". Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
19. Office of the Speaker of the House (December 2, 2010). "Pelosi Announces Steering and Policy Committee Members". PR Newswire. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
20. "Congressman Capuano's Update". FN Online. February 3, 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
21. "Millionaires' Club: For First Time, Most Lawmakers are Worth $1 Million-Plus". OpenSecrets. OpenSecrets. January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
22. "Half of US Congressional politicians are millionaires". BBC News. January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
23. "House Floor Activities: Legislative Day of November 13, 2012". Washington, D.C.: Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
24. "House Floor Activities: Legislative Day of November 15, 2012". Washington, D.C.: Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
25. 2012 Congressional Record, Vol. 158, Page H7467 (December 30, 2012)
26. Access Denied. NationalJournal.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
27. "Nevada Sen. John Ensign announces resignation". Politico. April 21, 2011.
28. Murray, Mark (April 27, 2011). "Sandoval appoints Heller to fill Ensign seat". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011.
29. Heller in transition: One foot in House, one foot in Senate | Las Vegas Review-Journal. Lvrj.com (May 3, 2011). Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
30. "Sen. Daniel Inouye dies of respiratory complications". MSN News. Associated Press. December 17, 2012. Archived from the original on December 21, 2012.
31. "South Carolina Republican US Sen. Jim DeMint resigning to take over at Heritage Foundation". The Washington Post. December 6, 2012. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
32. Scott's appointment took effect January 2, 2013, upon his resignation from the House of Representatives; he took the oath of office on January 3, 2013.[1]
33. "Lee Resigns After Photos Surface". Political Wire. February 9, 2011. Archived from the original on February 12, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
34. "Governor Cuomo Signs Bill to Ensure Military Voters are Treated Fairly in Special Elections, Calls Special Election in 26th Congressional District". Governor of New York's Press Office. March 9, 2011. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
35. Allen, Mike; Cohen, Richard E. (February 7, 2011). "Rep. Jane Harman to resign from House". Politico.com. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
36. "Governor Brown Issues Proclamation Declaring Special Election for 36th Congressional District". Governor of California Press Release. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on June 2, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
37. "Sandoval Sets Fall Special to Fill Heller's Seat". Roll Call. April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
38. Camia, Catalina (June 20, 2011). "Anthony Weiner Officially Steps Down Tuesday". USA Today. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
39. "Governor Cuomo Sets Special Elections for September 13 to Coincide with Statewide Primary Day". Governor of New York's Press Office. July 1, 2011. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
40. Freking, Kevin (August 4, 2011). "Wu notifies governor, speaker of resignation". San Diego Union Tribune. Associated Press.
41. "Giffords resigns House seat to focus on recovery". Associated Press. January 25, 2012. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012.
42. Nowicki, Dan (January 27, 2012). "Brewer sets Giffords seat election dates". AZCentral.com. The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
43. "U.S. Representative Donald Payne dead at 77". New Jersey Real. March 6, 2012.
44. Livingston, Abby (March 30, 2012). "New Jersey: Special Election Dates For Payne Seat Set". Roll Call. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
45. "Inslee resigning House seat for governor's race". Politico.com. March 10, 2012.
46. Cornfield, Jerry (March 29, 2012). "Gregoire: Election in works to replace Inslee". HeraldNet. The Daily Herald. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
47. "Rep. Thaddeus McCotter resigns from Congress". Abcnews.com. July 6, 2012.
48. Toeplitz, Shira (July 10, 2012). "Michigan: Governor Calls Special Election for Thaddeus McCotter Seat". Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
49. "Statement from congressman geoff davis". July 31, 2012. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
50. Associated Press (August 17, 2012). "Beshear calls special election to replace Davis".
51. Doyle, Michael (August 14, 2012). "Capitol Alert: Rep. Dennis Cardoza announces resignation". Archived from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
52. S.Res. 5, 112th Congress
53. H.Res. 1, Electing officers of the House of Representatives, 112th Congress
54. "VIDEO: Speaker Boehner Swears In Father Patrick J. Conroy as House Chaplain". May 25, 2011. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
55. Matthew A. Wasniewski (Matt) - Congressional Staffer Salary Data. Legistorm.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
56. Sergeant at Arms-United States House of Representatives
57. See: Rules of the House: "Other officers and officials" Archived June 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

• Aftershock: The 112th Congress and Post-Crisis Asia by Edward Gresser and Daniel Twining (National Bureau of Asian Research, 2011)

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• 112th Congress Congress.gov at the Library of Congress
• Member Information, via U.S. House of Representatives
• Statistics and Lists, via U.S. Senate
• Congressional Directory: Main Page, Government Printing Office Online. Detailed listings of many aspects of current & previous memberships and sessions of Congress.
• Collected coverage Archived September 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on C-SPAN
• "Videos of House of Representatives Sessions for the 112th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
• "Videos of Senate Sessions for the 112th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
• "Videos of Committees from the House and Senate for the 112th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
• House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 112th Congress, 2011 calendar (PDF).
• House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 112th Congress, 2012 calendar (PDF).
• Senate Session Calendar for the 112th Congress (PDF).
• Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 112th Congress (PDF).
• Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 112th Congress (PDF) (1st Revised ed.).
• Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 112th Congress (PDF) (2nd Revised ed.).
• Official Congressional Directory for the 112th Congress