Tiamin

Rumus bangun tiamina.
Kanan: cincin thiazola
Kiri: cincin pirimidina

Tiamin, vitamin B1, atau aneurin (bahasa Inggris: thio-vitamine, thiamine, thiamin) adalah vitamin yang terlarut dalam air. Tiamina terdiri atas cincin pirimidina dan cincin thiazola (mengandung sulfur dan nitrogen) yang dihubungkan oleh jembatan metilen. Turunan fosfatnya ikut serta dalam banyak proses sel. Tiamina disintesis dalam bakteri, fungi dan tanaman. Hewan harus memenuhi keperluan tiamin dari makanan. Asupan yang tidak cukup menyebabkan penyakit beri-beri, yang memengaruhi sistem saraf tepi dan sistem kardiovaskular. Kekurangan vitamin B1 juga dapat menyebabkan sindrom Wernicke-Korsakoff.

Tiamina berperan sangat vital agar otak dapat bekerja dengan normal.[1] Sebuah senyawa turunan tiamina yang disebut benfotiamina, dengan efektif, mengurangi plak amiloid dan fosforilasi protein tau pada area kortikal otak tikus dan menekan aktivitas enzim glikogen sintase kinase 3. Penelitian ini sangat mirip dengan kondisi penderita Alzheimer in vivo.[2] Senyawa turunan yang lain semisal tiamina pirofosfat, merupakan koenzim pada siklus asam sitrat yaitu pada kompleks piruvat dehidrogenase dan kompleks α-ketoglutarat dehidrogenase.

Pada manusia

Kebutuhan vitamin B1 pada manusia skitar 1-1,5 mg/3000 kal. Kekurangan vitamin B1 dapat menyebabkan beri-beri dan sindrom Wernicke-Korsakoff.

Makanan sumber

"Vitamin B1" dapat ditemukan diantaranya pada telur, biji-bijian, liver (hati), gandum, ragi dan kentang.

Referensi

  1. ^ (Inggris) George J Siegel, Bernard W Agranoff, R Wayne Albers, Stephen K Fisher, dan Michael D Uhler. (1999). Basic Neurochemistry - Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects : Nutrition and Functional Neurochemistry. Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, University of Michigan, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Health Research Institute (edisi ke-6). Lippincott-Raven. ISBN 0-397-51820-X. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-19. 
  2. ^ (Inggris) "Powerful beneficial effects of benfotiamine on cognitive impairment and beta-amyloid deposition in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mice". Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University; Pan X, Gong N, Zhao J, Yu Z, Gu F, Chen J, Sun X, Zhao L, Yu M, Xu Z, Dong W, Qin Y, Fei G, Zhong C, Xu TL. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-29. 

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