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Stres oksidatif

Stres oksidatif adalah keadaan di mana jumlah radikal bebas di dalam tubuh melebihi kapasitas tubuh untuk menetralkannya. Akibatnya intensitas proses oksidasi sel-sel tubuh normal menjadi semakin tinggi dan menimbulkan kerusakan yang lebih banyak. Literatur medis membuktikan bahwa stres oksidatif adalah penyebab utama penuaan dini dan timbulnya penyakit kronis seperti kanker, penyakit jantung, alzheimer, dan lain-lain. Stres oksidatif dapat dicegah dan dikurangi dengan asupan antioksidan yang cukup dan optimal ke dalam tubuh.

Transformasi protein yang terjadi akibat stres oksidatif dapat mengakibatkan disfungsi protein, kerusakan jaringan dan berkembangnya berbagai jenis penyakit.[1] Beberapa senyawa organik yang umumnya menyebabkan stres oksidatif, dihasilkan oleh reaksi oksidasi berbagai jenis asam lemak tidak jenuh (PUFA), antara lain senyawa dengan gugus karbonil tak jenuh jenis alfa, beta seperti 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), dan akrolein. Senyawa dari golongan aldehida ini dapat menyebabkan adduct intramolekular atau intermolekular terhadap protein. Beberapa studi spektroskopi massa yang mengamati reaksi pada protein yang terpapar oleh aldehida murni atau PUFA yang ter-peroksidasi menunjukkan bahwa pada awal paparan terjadi Michael dan Schiff adduct, tetapi hanya Michael adduct yang terjadi antara residu Cys dan His, dengan senyawa turunan HNE dan ONE, yang dapat bertahan terhadap reaksi proteolisis. Variasi produk adduct yang lain akan mengalami transformasi melalui berbagai proses seperti tautomerisasi, oksidasi, siklisasi, dehidrasi, dan terkadang juga kondensasi dengan molekul aldehida yang lain, hingga terbentuk senyawa advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE) yang stabil.

Pranala luar

Rujukan

  1. ^ (Inggris) "Protein adducts generated from products of lipid oxidation: focus on HNE and one". Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University; Sayre LM, Lin D, Yuan Q, Zhu X, Tang X. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-24. 



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