Mahesa Wong Ateleng

Mahisa Wonga Teleng (Jawa: ꦩꦲꦶꦰꦮꦺꦴꦔꦠꦼꦊꦁ, Bali: ᬫᬳᬶᬱᬯᭀᬗᬢ᭄ᬮᭂᬂ) adalah raja Kediri bawahan Tumapel. Menurut Pararaton adalah putra dari Ken Arok dengan Ken Dedes, pendiri Kerajaan Tumapel (atau lebih terkenal dengan nama Singhasari). Menurut Negarakertagama tokoh ini bergelar Sri Bhatara Parameswara yang merupakan ayah dari Narasinghamurti, leluhur raja-raja Majapahit.Beliau diketahui menikahi Ken Rimbi yang merupakan putri dari Ken Umang[1].

Bhatara Parameswara
Bhaṭāra Parameśwara/
Mahiṣa Wong-atĕlĕng
Raja Kadiri
Berkuasa- 1230
PenerusGuningbhaya
KelahiranTumapel,
Jawa Timur
PasanganKen Rimbi
WangsaRajasa
AyahKen Angrok
IbuKen Dedes
AgamaHindu

Asal-Usul

Tokoh Mahisa Wonga Teleng hanya terdapat dalam Pararaton. Sementara itu dalam prasasti Mula Malurung ditemukan nama Bathara Parameswara raja Kadiri yang diduga identik dengannya. Prasasti ini dikeluarkan oleh Kertanagara saat masih menjabat sebagai yuwaraja tahun 1255.

Menurut prasasti tersebut, Bhatara Parameswara semasa hidupnya menjadi adiguru yang dihormati di tanah Jawa. Ia memiliki putra bernama Nararya Waning Hyun yang kemudian dikenal sebagai Narasinghamurti.

Sepeninggal Parameswara, secara berturut-turut ia digantikan oleh adik-adiknya, yaitu Guningbhaya dan Tohjaya sebagai raja Kadiri. Sepeninggal Tohjaya, kerajaan Kadiri dipersatukan kembali dengan Tumapel oleh Wisnuwardhana dan Narasinghamurti putra Parameswara. Kemudian, putra Wisnuwardhana yang bernama Kertanagara diangkat sebagai raja muda di sana.

Menurut Pararaton, pada tahun 1222 Ken Arok menaklukkan Kadiri dan menjadikannya sebagai bawahan Tumapel. Menurut prasasti Mula Malurung, wilayah Kadiri diperintah oleh Parameswara. Besar kemungkinan bahwa Parameswara identik dengan Mahisa Wonga Teleng, karena ia merupakan putra tertua Ken Arok yang lahir dari permaisuri Ken Dedes.

Mungkin pengangkatan Mahisa Wonga Teleng sebagai raja Kadiri inilah yang membuat Anusapati cemburu, karena dia merasa sebagai anak tertua Ken Arok. Pararaton mengisahkan Ken Arok tewas tahun 1247 dibunuh Anusapati. Akibat peristiwa ini Parameswara memisahkan Kadiri dari Tumapel dan menolak menjadi bawahan Anusapati. Kadiri baru berdamai dengan Tumapel di era Narasinghamurti dan Wisnuwardhana.

Nasib Kadiri setelah ditaklukkan Ken Arok memang sama sekali tidak disinggung dalam Pararaton. Sementara itu dalam prasasti Mula Malurung tersirat bahwa Kadiri memisahkan diri dari Tumapel dan kemudian dipersatukan lagi oleh Wisnuwardhana dan Narasinghamurti sepeninggal Tohjaya.

Keturunan

Pararaton menyebutkan Mahisa Wonga Teleng adalah ayah dari Mahisa Campaka alias Narasingamurti. Menurut Nagarakretagama, Narasingamurti memiliki putra bernama Dyah Lembu Tal, yang merupakan ayah dari Raden Wijaya pendiri Kerajaan Majapahit.

Menurut Prof. Slamet Muljana yang menafsirkan Waning Hyun sebagai perempuan, Apabila Bhatara Parameswara benar-benar identik dengan Mahisa Wonga Teleng, maka dapat disimpulkan kalau Waning Hyun adalah saudara perempuan Narasinghamurti. Dengan demikian, hubungan antara Narasinghamurti dengan Wisnuwardhana tidak hanya sepupu, namun juga sebagai ipar.

Namun jika ditelisik dari nama Waning Hyun yang bergelar Nararya, maka beliau bukanlah perempuan dan bukan istri dari Wisnuwardhana. Namun keduanya tetap melangsungkan pemerintahan bersama.

Menurut prasasti Mula Malurung, Bhatara Parameswara meninggal di Kebon Agung dan kemudian dicandikan di Pikatan sebagai Wisnu.

Kepustakaan

  • R.M. Mangkudimedja. 1979. Serat Pararaton Jilid 2. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah
  • Slamet Muljana. 1979. Nagarakretagama dan Tafsir sejarahnya. Jakarta: Bhratara
  1. ^ pawartajatim.com (2024-04-24). "Mahisa Wungatelang, Bunga Cinta Arok – Dedes Diantara Pusaran Kabut Istana". Pawarta Jawa Timur. Diakses tanggal 2024-12-09. 

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