Gerakan Pendidikan Sosialis

Sejarah Republik Rakyat
Tiongkok (RRT)
Lambang negara Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
Revolusi Kebudayaan
Sejarah
Generasi kepemimpinan

Gerakan Pendidikan Sosialis (Hanzi sederhana: 社会主义教育运动; Hanzi tradisional: 社會主義教育運動; Pinyin: Shèhuìzhǔyì Jiàoyù Yùndòng, disingkat 社教运动 atau 社教運動), juga dikenal sebagai Gerakan Empat Pembersihan (Hanzi sederhana: 四清运动; Hanzi tradisional: 四清運動; Pinyin: Sìqīng Yùndòng) adalah sebuah gerakan yang diluncurkan oleh Mao Zedong pada 1963 di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Mao berusaha untuk menyingkirkan unsur-unsur reaksioner dalam birokrasi Partai Komunis Tiongkok, dengan berkata bahwa "pemerintahan juga merupakan proses pendidikan sosialis."[1][2]

Para peneliti Tiongkok menyatakan bahwa gerakan tersebut mengakibatkan setidaknya 77.560 kematian, dengan 5.327.350 ornag dianiaya.[3][4] Dalam gerakan tersebut, hubungan antara Mao Zedong dan Liu Shaoqi, Presiden Tiongkok ke-2 dan penerus potensial Mao, merenggang.[5] Gerakan Pendidikan Sosial dianggap sebaga pendahulu Revolusi Kebudayaan, dimana Liu dianiaya sampai mati sebagai "pengkhianat" dan "penggerak kapitalis".[6][7]

Referensi

  1. ^ "People's Republic of China: III". Universitas Maryland. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-08. 
  2. ^ MacFarquhar, Roderick (1997). "The Origins of the Cultural Revolution". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192149978.001.0001. ISBN 9780192149978. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-12-19. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-20. 
  3. ^ Yang, Jishen (2017-07-04). 天地翻覆: 中国文化大革命历史 (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). 天地图书. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-09. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-20. 
  4. ^ Song, Yongyi (2006). "被掩藏的历史：刘少奇对"文革"的独特贡献" (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Modern China Studies. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-31. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-31. 
  5. ^ Su, Weimin (2015-07-23). "杨尚昆谈"四清"运动：毛泽东刘少奇之间的裂痕由此产生". The Paper. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-01-20. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-23. 
  6. ^ Baum, Richard (1969). "Revolution and Reaction in the Chinese Countryside: The Socialist Education Movement in Cultural Revolutionary Perspective". The China Quarterly. 38 (38): 92–119. doi:10.1017/S0305741000049158. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 652308. 
  7. ^ "People's Republic of China: III". University of Maryland. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-06. Diakses tanggal 2020-02-17. 


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