Kampanye Anti-Golongan Kanan

Salah satu pawai Tiongkok pada 1950an yang menunjukkan dukungan terhadap gerakan politik komunis.

Kampanye Anti-Golongan Kanan (Hanzi sederhana: 反右运动; Hanzi tradisional: 反右運動; Pinyin: Fǎnyòu Yùndòng) di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, yang berlangsung dari 1957 sampai sekitar 1959, adalah sebuah kampanye politik untuk menyingkirkan para terduga "golongan kanan" dalam Partai Komunis Tiongkok (PKT) dan di luar itu.[1][2][3] Kampanye tersebut diluncurkan oleh Mao Zedong, namun Deng Xiaoping dan Peng Zhen juga memainkan peran penting.[4][5] Kampanye Anti-Golongan Kanan secara signifikan merusak demokrasi di Tiongkok dan mengubah negara tersebut menjadi negara satu partai de facto.[6][7][8][9][10]

Definisi golongan kanan tidaklah selalu konsisten, terkadang meliputi kritikus golongan kiri pemerintah, meskipun secara resmi merujuk kepada para intelektual yang tampak menyukai kaputalisme, atau menentang pemerintahan satu partai serta kolektivisasi.[4][8][10][11] Menurut statistik resmi Tiongkok pada periode "Boluan Fanzheng", kampanye tersebut mengakibatkan penindasan politik terhadap 550.000 orang.[6][11][12] Para peneliti memperkirakan bahwa jumlah korban sebenarnya adalah antara 1 dan 2 juta atau bahkan lebih tinggi.[2][11][13] Deng Xiaoping menyatakan bahwa terdapat kesalahan pada Kampanye Anti-Golongan Kanan, dan kebanyakan korban menerima rehabiltiasi sejak 1959.[11][14][15]

Referensi

  1. ^ "The Anti-Rightist Movement and Its Ideological and Theoretical Consequences". Chinese Law & Government (dalam bahasa Inggris). 29 (4): 36–45. 2014-12-07. doi:10.2753/CLG0009-4609290436. 
  2. ^ a b Sun, Warren (2011-07-01). "Chinese Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957-) (CD-ROM). Editorial Board of the Chinese Anti-Rightist Campaign CD-ROM Database". The China Journal. 66: 169–172. doi:10.1086/tcj.66.41262814. ISSN 1324-9347. 
  3. ^ Sha, Shangzhi. "从反右运动看中国特色的政治斗争". Yanhuang Chunqiu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-25. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 
  4. ^ a b Chung, Yen-lin (2011). "The Witch-Hunting Vanguard: The Central Secretariat's Roles and Activities in the Anti-Rightist Campaign". The China Quarterly. 206 (206): 391–411. doi:10.1017/S0305741011000324. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 41305225. 
  5. ^ Wang, Ning (2020-04-28). "Victims and Perpetrators: Campaign Culture in the Chinese Communist Party's Anti-Rightist Campaign". Twentieth-Century China (dalam bahasa Inggris). 45 (2): 188–208. doi:10.1353/tcc.2020.0019. ISSN 1940-5065. 
  6. ^ a b King, Gilbert. "The Silence that Preceded China's Great Leap into Famine". Smithsonian (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-28. 
  7. ^ "PETITIONING FOR REDRESS OVER THE ANTI-RIGHTIST CAMPAIGN" (PDF). Human Rights in China. 2005. 
  8. ^ a b Liu, Zheng (2004-07-15). "反右运动对人民代表大会建设和工作的损害". Renmin Wang (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-09. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 
  9. ^ Du, Guang (2007). ""反右"运动与民主革命——纪念"反右"运动五十周年". Modern China Studies (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 
  10. ^ a b Mu, Guangren. "反右运动的六个断面". Yanhuang Chunqiu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-24. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 
  11. ^ a b c d Vidal, Christine (2016). "The 1957-1958 Anti-Rightist Campaign in China: History and Memory (1978-2014)". Hal-SHS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-11-28. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-28. 
  12. ^ "Uneasy silences punctuate 60th anniversary coverage". China Media Project. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-06-11. Diakses tanggal 2009-09-30. 
  13. ^ Wu, Weiguang (2007). "中共"八大"与"反右"运动". Modern China Studies. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 
  14. ^ Qi, Yiming (2014-05-06). "邓小平对"大跃进"的理解和认识--邓小平纪念网". Renmin Wang. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 
  15. ^ "1957年反右运动". Universitas Peking. 2009-05-11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-18. 

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