Flora Qatar

Panicum turgidum di sebuah wadi dekat Mukaynis, Qatar

Flora Qatar mencakup lebih dari 300 spesies tumbuhan liar.[1] Qatar menempati semenanjung gurun kecil yang berjarak sekitar 80 km (50 mil) dari timur ke barat dan 160 km (100 mil) dari utara ke selatan.[2] Iklimnya panas dan lembab dengan hujan sporadis. Mayoritas negara ini datar dengan curah hujan tahunan rata-rata kurang dari 3 inci.[2] Tumbuhan Arnebia hispidissim memekarkan bunga kuning setiap tahun di tanah berpasir.[3] Glossonema edule memiliki buah yang dapat dimakan dengan bunga kuning kecoklatan.[3]

Vegetasi sangat jarang di lanskap hamada karena tanahnya yang sangat lapuk. Spesies pohon asli, Vachellia tortilis (dikenal secara lokal sebagai samr)[4] beradaptasi dengan baik dengan lingkungan gurun dan merupakan salah satu bentuk vegetasi yang paling umum di negara ini.[5] Tetraena qatarensis dan Lycium shawii juga tumbuh di lanskap ini.[5]

Lekukan dangkal yang disebut rawdat ditumbuhi jenis tanaman yang lebih bervariasi karena limpasan air hujan cenderung terakumulasi. Ziziphus nummularia menyukai tanah yang lebih dalam di habitat jenis ini, sedangkan rumput Cymbopogon parkeri ditemukan di tanah yang lebih dangkal. Di selatan semenanjung, di mana jarang ditemui air tanah, Panicum turgidum dan V. tortilis tumbuh di tanah yang tertiup angin.[5] Distribusi vegetatif di selatan sebagian besar terkonsentrasi di rawda dan di wadi yang dialiri oleh limpasan dari perbukitan terdekat.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ Casey, Paula; Vine, Peter (1992). The heritage of QatarPerlu mendaftar (gratis). Immel Publishing. hlm. 77. 
  2. ^ a b Anthony, J. D., & Crystal, J. A. (2019, March 30). Qatar. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/place/Qatar Diarsipkan 2023-06-19 di Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ a b Boulos, Loutfy. "Materials for a Flora of Qatar." Webbia 32.2 (1978): 369-96. Web.
  4. ^ "Samr". Qatar e-Nature. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-02. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2019. 
  5. ^ a b c Casey & Vine (1992), p. 78
  6. ^ Macumber, Phillip G. (2015). "Water Heritage in Qatar". Cultural Heritages of Water: Thematic Study on The Cultural Heritages of Water in the Middle East and Maghreb. UNESCO World Heritage Convention. academia.edu. UNESCO. hlm. 226. Diakses tanggal 21 February 2019. 

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