^Klein, Martha. responsibility. Honderich, Ted (编). Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press. 2005 [2023-08-26]. ISBN 978-0199264797. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001. (原始内容存档于2015-12-22). The term 'moral responsibility' covers (i) the having of a moral obligation and (ii) the fulfilment of the criteria for deserving blame or praise (punishment or reward) for a morally significant act or omission.
^Eshleman, Andrew. moral responsibility. Zalta, Edward N. (编). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2009 [2023-08-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-17). Many have held that one distinct feature of persons is their status [emphasis added] as morally responsible agents
^Peter Cave. Responsibility in Law and Morality. Hart Publishing. 2002: 4. ISBN 978-1841133218. A common argument in the philosophical literature is that the essence of responsibility is to be found in what it means to be a human agent and to have free will...There is disagreement amongst philosophers about what freedom means, about whether human beings are free in the relevant sense, and about the relevance of freedom to responsibility... Nevertheless,...our responsibility practices have developed, and thrive, independently of 'the truth' about human freedom.
^Sartre, J.P. (1943). Being and Nothingness, reprint 1993. New York: Washington Square Press.
^Vuoso, G. (1987) "Background Responsibility and Excuse," Yale Law Journal, 96, pp. 1680–1681
^Cummins, R. "Culpability" and Mental Disorder", p. 244
^Goldstein, A. M., Morse, S. J. & Shapiro, D. L. 2003 "Evaluation of criminal responsibility". In Forensic psychology. vol. 11 (ed. A. M. Goldstein), pp. 381–406. New York: Wiley.
^Moral Luck (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2004.
^Hume, D. (1740). A Treatise of Human Nature (1967 edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-87220-230-5
^Darrow, Clarence, 1924, "The Plea of Clarence Darrow, in Defense of Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr., On Trial for Murder" page reference is to the reprint in Philosophical Explorations: Freedom, God, and Goodness, S. Cahn (ed.), New York: Prometheus Books, 1989.
^ 14.014.1Greene, J. Cohen, J. (2004). "For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 359, 1775–1785.
^Brower M.C. and Price B.H. (2001). "Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: a critical review". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 71: 720–726.
^Steinberg, L., Scott, E. S. (2003). "Less guilty by reason of adolescence: developmental immaturity, diminished responsibility, and the juvenile death penalty".American Psychologist 58, 1009–1018.
^Teicher, M. H., Anderson, S. L., Polcari, A., Anderson, C. M., Navalta, C. P., and Kim, D. M. (2003). "The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment". Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 27: 33–44.
^Talbert, Matthew (Winter 2019), "Moral Responsibility (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2020-05-05
^Rudy-Hiller, Fernando (2018), "The Epistemic Condition for Moral Responsibility (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2020-08-04
^Mauro, Frédéric (1964). L'expansion européenne (1680–1870) [European expansion (1680–1870)]. Nouvelle Clio: L'Histoire et ses problèmes (in French). Vol. 27. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. p. 213. Ces langues nouvelles vehiculent des concepts nouveaux et des idées parfois fort difficiles a comprendre: par exemple le principe de responsibilité personnelle pour les Iroquiens. [Translation: These new languages introduce new concepts and new ideas—sometimes very difficult to understand—for example the principle of personal responsibility for the Iroquois.]
^Hagop Sarkissian, Amita Chatterjee, Felipe De Brigard, Joshua Knobe, Shaun Nichols, Smita Sirker (forthcoming)."Is belief in free will a cultural universal?" Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine Mind & Language