硒化物

硒化物
识别
CAS号 22541-48-6  checkY
PubChem 107674
SMILES
 
  • [Se-2]
性质
化学式 Se2−
摩尔质量 78.96 g·mol⁻¹
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

硒化物是含阴离子的化合物。和硫化物类似,Se2−只有在强碱性溶液中才能存在,中性溶液中为HSe,而酸性溶液中形成H2Se。有一些硒化物很容易和空气中的反应,金属硒化物比硫化物更容易分解。活泼金属的硒化物很容易发生氧化或水解反应,硒化铝在潮湿空气中可以被氧化,并迅速水解,放出剧毒的硒化氢气体。

纯的硒化物矿物很少见,它们大多与硫化物矿物共生。硒化物的矿物有白硒铁矿红硒铜矿英语umangite[1]

多硒化物是含Sen2−阴离子的化合物。它们可以通过在石英管内共熔相应的元素单质得到。硒和碱金属可以形成可溶的硒化物或多硒化物,碱金属的(多)硒化物可以通过碱金属和液氨中的反应得到,[2]或者使用高沸点、极性、非质子溶剂,如DMF、HMPA、NMP等。[3]多硒化物在水溶液中可以和大的有机阳离子化合物发生复分解反应,得到的大阳离子多硒化物可溶于有机溶剂中:

2 Na + n Se → Na2Sen
Na2Sen + 2 R4NCl → (R4N)2Sen + 2 NaCl

参考文献

  1. ^ Bernd E. Langner "Selenium and Selenium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_525.
  2. ^ Kolis, J. "Coordination Chemistry of Polychalcogen Anions and Transition Metal Carbonyls" Coordination Chemistry Reviews 1990, volume 105, pp. 195-219. doi:10.1016/0010-8545(90)80023-M
  3. ^ Thompson, D.; Boudjouk, P. A :Convenient Synthesis of Alkali Metal Selenides and Diselenides in Tetrahydrofuran and the Reactivity Differences Exhibited By These Salts Toward Organic Bromides" Journal of Organic Chemistry 1988, volume 53, pp. 2109-2112. doi: 10.1021/jo00244a051

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