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温多弗空军基地

40°43′07″N 114°01′51″W / 40.71861°N 114.03083°W / 40.71861; -114.03083

温多弗空军基地(英語:Wendover Air Force Base)是美国空军犹他州曾经的一处基地,现已建成为温多弗机场英语Wendover Airport,最近的城市是温多弗。在二战期间,该空军基地曾用作B-17轰炸机B-24轰炸机第509混合飞行大队的训练基地,后者于二战期间在广岛与长崎投下原子弹

戰後,溫多弗被用於訓練演習、射擊場和研究設施。 它於1969年被空軍關閉,並於1977年將基地移交給溫多弗市。猶他州圖爾縣於1998年獲得了機場和基地建築的所有權,該縣繼續將該機場作為公共機場運營。 原始轟炸範圍的一部分現在是猶他州測試和訓練靶場 (UTTR),該靶場被空軍廣泛使用,靶場上有實彈目標。

起源

溫多弗空軍基地的歷史始於1940年,當時美國陸軍開始尋找額外的轟炸範圍。溫多弗鎮附近的地區非常適合這些需求。這片土地幾乎無人居住,飛行天氣普遍極佳,最近的大城市(鹽湖城)距離酒店有100英里(160公里)(當時溫多弗約有 100 名市民)。雖然與世隔絕,但該地區由西太平洋鐵路服務,其許多公民受僱於鐵路。

該基地於1940年9月20日開始建設,1940年11月4日開始建設。溫多弗空軍基地於1941年7月29日成為鹽湖城道格拉斯堡的一個分站。到那時,總共有1,822,000英畝(737,000公頃)為基地和相關的砲擊/轟炸範圍獲得86英里(138公里)長和18至36英里(29至58公里)寬。牧場主抗議失去他們的牧場,他們聲稱這將消滅他們,並使猶他州每年損失150萬美元。他們向州長亨利·胡珀·布拉德提出投訴,但戰爭部繼續推進轟炸場的發展。第一支軍事特遣隊於1941年8月12日抵達,在轟炸範圍內建造目標。為了提供水,一條管道從Pilot Peak上的泉水延伸到基地。

第二次世界大戰

隨著美國加入第二次世界大戰,溫多弗球場變得更加重要。這是陸軍空軍最大的轟炸和射擊場。 1942年3月,陸軍空軍啟動了溫多弗陸軍航空場,並將導彈、無人駕駛飛機和遙控炸彈的研發工作分配到該地點。新基地由希爾菲爾德的奧格登空軍基地提供和服務。 1942年4月,溫多弗分站啟用並承擔了該領域的技術和行政控制權,隸屬於奧格登空軍基地。溫多弗分站的任務是為駐紮在溫多弗戰場的組織徵用、儲存和發放所有陸軍空軍財產以進行訓練。[1]

到1943年底,溫多弗約有2,000名文職僱員和17,500名軍事人員。在戰爭的大部分時間裡,基地的建設仍在繼續,包括三個8,100英尺(2,500米)的鋪砌跑道、滑行道、一個300,000平方英尺(28,000平方米)的坡道和七個機庫。到1945年5月,該基地由668棟建築組成,包括300個床位的醫院、體育館、游泳池、圖書館、小教堂、自助餐廳、保齡球館、兩個電影院和361個已婚軍官和平民住房單元。

重型轟炸組訓練

1943年溫多弗空軍基地向北看的航拍照片

溫多弗的任務是訓練重型炸彈小組。 波音B-17飛行堡壘和聯合B-24解放者大隊的訓練始於1942年4月,第306轟炸機大隊駕駛B-17飛機抵達。 從1942年3月到1944年4月,溫多弗空軍基地在一個階段的集體訓練中接待了20個新組建的B-17和B-24小組。 第二空軍將轟炸訓練分為三個階段。 首先,培訓的重點是個別機組人員。 第二,培訓涉及全體船員,他們將共同進行培訓。 第三階段也是最後階段,該小組的機組人員一起訓練,編隊飛行和練習戰鬥任務。 直到1943年底,每個階段的訓練都在不同的基地進行。

  1. ^ Fact Sheet: Wendover Field. [2022-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-17). 

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