无性细胞瘤

维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。
无性细胞瘤
显微镜下的精原细胞瘤（英语：seminoma），从组织学上和无性细胞瘤没有区别
类型germ cell cancer[*]、卵巢癌、疾病
分类和外部资源
醫學專科肿瘤学、​妇科肿瘤学
ICD-11XH24E0
ICD-9-CM183.0
ICD-O（英语：International Classification of Diseases for Oncology）9060/3
MeSHD004407
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

无性细胞瘤（英語：Dysgerminomas）是一类生殖细胞瘤[1]，通常是恶性肿瘤，并常病发于卵巢。无性细胞瘤占卵巢肿瘤的不到1%，它常病发于童年或早期成人阶段，大概5%的患者病发于青春期以前，很少有病例发生于50岁以后。10%的病例发生于双侧卵巢。

一类肿瘤和无性细胞瘤有相同的组织学特征，但病发于男性睾丸中，被称之精原细胞瘤（英语：seminoma）；病发于中枢神经系统的，称之为生殖细胞瘤[2]。

非正常的性腺（因为特纳氏综合征和雄激素不敏感综合征（英语：androgen insensitivity syndrome））有发生为无性细胞瘤的高危性[3]。绝大多数无性细胞瘤均与血清中乳酸脱氢酶升高有关，它也有时被视为肿瘤标记物（英语：tumor marker）。

病理

无性细胞瘤通常伴有血钙过多。在肉眼观察下，无性细胞瘤呈现出光滑、圆凸的外部表面，质软、光滑，内部颜色为奶油色、灰色、粉色、棕褐色。显微镜下检查，细胞类似原始生殖细胞，并且包含淋巴细胞；其中20%的病例中伴有肉芽肿瘤（英语：granuloma）。

恶性转移的情况最常发现于淋巴结中。

治疗

无性细胞瘤和其他精原细胞瘤（英语：Seminoma）一样，对化学疗法和放射疗法非常敏感，所以采取这些治疗方式，往往能够增加患者的长期存活率。

参考

  1. ^ Behtash N, Karimi Zarchi M. Dysgerminoma in three patients with Swyer syndrome. World J Surg Oncol. 2007, 5 (1): 71 [2013-12-08]. PMC 1934908 可免费查阅. PMID 17587461. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-5-71. （原始内容存档于2019-12-16）. 
  2. ^ 道兰氏医学词典中的dysgerminoma
  3. ^ Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed. Chapter 553. Question 11, Gynecologic Problems of Childhood

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