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成均館

成均館
朝鲜语名稱
諺文성균관
汉字成均館
文观部式Seonggyun-gwan
马-赖式Sŏnggyun'gwan
1785年成均馆院的示意图
首尔成均馆院内的古银杏树

成均館朝鮮語:성균관成均館)是朝鮮半島歷代王朝最高學府,地位同等於古代中國國子監太學高麗王朝的成均館位於現今朝鮮民主主義人民共和國開城,而朝鮮王朝的成均館位於現今大韓民國首爾,為成均館大學的前身。

2013年6月23日,聯合國教科文組織柬埔寨舉行的第37屆世界遺產大會,公佈把開城歷史建築與遺跡(包括開城區、滿月台、開城南大門、成均館、嵩陽書院、王建皇陵和恭愍皇陵)列入世界遺產

建築

  • 佔地約1萬平方公呎,共有18棟建築物;
  • 明倫堂:位於中央,用作講堂;
  • 東齋西齋:位於明倫堂的兩旁,它們是集體宿舍
  • 已生長了1000多年的樹及銀杏

成立歷史

成均一詞源於《周禮·春官·大司樂》:「大司樂掌成均之法,以治建國之學政,而合國之子弟焉。」。原為周代的貴族大學之一。鄭玄注:「董仲舒曰:五帝名大學曰成均。」成均泛稱官設的最高學府。

在古代朝鮮半島高麗時代(公元918年至1392年),為了培養人才為國家的未來發展,在公元992年建立了最高教育機關國子監,後來改組成為成均館。隨著高麗王朝被朝鮮王朝取代、定都漢陽(今首爾特別市),朝鮮太宗李芳遠將新成均館建立於都內,也就是現今的首爾成均館大學[1][2]

當時的職責

高麗政府委任飽讀中國的儒家思想學者來經營,對學生傳授:儒家思想高麗法律數學書法等科目。

成就

現況

在朝韩雙方政府的保護歷史文物政策下,各建築物都保存良好,現今分別為北韓高麗成均館輕工業綜合大學[3]與南韓成均館大學。南韓成均館大學三星集團為贊助財團,並為韓國前五大學之一。

参考资料

  1. ^ 성균관(成均館) - 한국민족문화대백과사전. [2022-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-03). 
  2. ^ Overview. Sungkyunkwan University. [2022-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-20). 
  3. ^ 유구한 력사를 자랑하는 고려성균관. 김일성종합대학. [2019-11-25]. 

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