奥托·瓦拉赫

奥托·瓦拉赫1910年诺贝尔化学奖得主
出生(1847-03-27)1847年3月27日
普魯士王國, 柯尼斯堡(今屬俄羅斯)
逝世1931年2月26日( 1931歲—02—26)(83歲)
哥廷根, 威瑪共和國
国籍德意志帝國 / 普魯士王國
母校哥廷根大學
知名于萜烯的異戊二烯原則
奖项諾貝爾化學獎 (1910)
戴維獎章 (1912)
科学生涯
研究领域有機化學
机构哥廷根大學,
波昂大學
博士導師奧古斯特·威廉·馮·霍夫曼,
弗里德里希·維勒,
弗里德里希·奧古斯特·凱庫勒·馮·斯特拉多尼茨
博士生沃爾特·霍沃思

奥托·瓦拉赫(德語:Otto Wallach,1847年3月27日—1931年2月26日),德国化学家,1910年以研究脂環族化合物而獲得诺贝尔化学奖[1][2]

生平

1847年,瓦拉赫出生於柯尼斯堡,他的父親是一位信仰路德教猶太人,職業是普魯士公務員;母親則是信仰新教德國人。他們後來因為父親工作而相繼搬家到斯塞新波茨坦。瓦拉赫在波茨坦開始上學,並開始對影響他未來生活的兩個重要學科起了興趣:文學藝術歷史,他在這段時期也開始在他父母親的房子進行私人的化學實驗。

1867年,瓦拉赫進入哥廷根大學學習化學,並師承於當時有機化學領域十分有名的弗里德里希·維勒;一學期後他進入柏林洪堡大學,師承於奧古斯特·威廉·馮·霍夫曼。1869年,瓦拉赫在哥廷根大學獲得博士學位,並在波昂大學(1870年至1889年)及哥廷根大學(1889年至1915年)擔任教授。瓦拉赫在1931年逝世於哥廷根

成就

瓦拉赫與弗里德里希·奧古斯特·凱庫勒·馮·斯特拉多尼茨波昂進行精油萜烯的系統分析,這時僅有少數信息被解明,關於結構的資訊還是很零散。熔點的比較及混合物的測量是確認相同物質的方法之一,為了進行此方法,液體的萜烯必須被轉換成結晶化合物。以階段性的衍生反應,特別是增加萜烯雙鍵,他成功將液體的萜烯轉換成結晶化合物。調查環狀不飽和萜烯的重排反應,可以由以確認的萜烯結構得到未知萜烯的結構。

瓦拉赫命名了萜烯及蒎烯,並負責最早的蒎烯系統研究。他在1909年出版了「萜烯與樟腦」,是一本關於萜烯化學反應的書籍。他以劉卡特反應(和魯道夫·劉卡特共同發現)及Wallach重排反應在學界聞名。

链接

參考資料

  1. ^ Leopold Ruzicka. Third Pedler lecture. The life and work of Otto Wallach. J. Chem. Soc. 1932: 1582. doi:10.1039/JR9320001582. 
  2. ^ Christmann, M. (2010), Otto Wallach: Founder of Terpene Chemistry and Nobel Laureate 1910. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49: 9580–9586. doi:10.1002/anie.201003155

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