四氮化四硒

四氮化四硒
识别
CAS号	10102-12-2 ^Y
性质
化学式	Se4N4
摩尔质量	371.87 g·mol⁻¹
外观	亮橙色固体[1]
密度	4.2 [2]
溶解性	难溶于常见溶剂[2] 高压（~50 atm）下可溶于液氨[3]
pKa	1.70±0.20[4]
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

四氮化四硒是一种无机化合物，化学式为Se₄N₄，受热或受力易爆。^[1]

制备

四溴化硒在苯中和氨反应，可以得到四氮化四硒。^[5]二氧化硒和Me₃SiN=PMe₃（Me为甲基）在4 °C时于乙腈中反应，可以结晶出β-Se₄N₄。^[6]

性质

四氮化四硒不稳定，遇到震动极易爆炸：^[7]

Se₄N₄ → 4 Se + 2 N₂↑

四氮化四硒和干燥的溴化氢反应，得到Se₄N₃Br。^[5]它和五氯化钼在沸腾的二氯甲烷中反应，可以得到[Cl₄Mo=N=SeCl]₂；^[8]和六氯化钨在沸腾的二氯甲烷中反应，得到[WCl₄(NSeCl)]₂。^[9]

它和一些金属盐反应，也能产生含Se₂N₂单元的化合物，如(AlBr₃)₂(Se₂N₂)^[10]、[Bu₄N]₂[Pd₂Br₆(Se₂N₂)]^[11]等。

参考文献

1. Jari Siivari, Tristram Chivers, Risto S. Laitinen. A simple, efficient synthesis of tetraselenium tetranitride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1993-04, 32 (8): 1519–1520 [2020-04-20]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00060a031. （原始内容存档于2020-04-18） （英语）. 
2. Jander, J.; Doetsch, V. Selenium nitride. Angewandte Chemie, 1958. 70. 704. ISSN: 0044-8249.
3. Paul F. Kelly, J. Derek Woollins. The reactivity of Se4N4 in liquid ammonia. Polyhedron. 1993-05, 12 (10): 1129–1133 [2020-04-20]. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)88201-7. （原始内容存档于2020-04-23） （英语）. 
4. Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (© 1994-2020 ACD/Labs). Retrieved from Scifinder. [2020-04-20]
5. Govind Kumar Gupta, S. P. S. Jadon. U.V., E.P.R. and X.R.D. Spectral Analysis of Bromo Mn(II) Tetra Seleniazide Complex. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2014-07-01, 30 (2): 567–570 [2020-04-20]. doi:10.13005/ojc/300221. （原始内容存档于2018-10-15）. 
6. H. Folkerts, B. Neumueller, K. Dehnicke. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Modification of Tetraselenium Tetranitride, Se4N4.. ChemInform. 2010-08-18, 25 (40): no–no [2020-04-20]. doi:10.1002/chin.199440010 （英语）. 
7. Clegg, William; Dale, Sophie H.; Drennan, Dennis; Kelly, Paul F. The use of the bromosulfimide Ph₂S=NBr as nitrogen source in reactions with selenium-based systems. Dalton Transactions. 2005, (19): 3140. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/b509382a. 
8. Adel, Joerg; Dehnicke, Kurt. Synthesis of the chloroselenonitrene molybdenum complex [Cl4Mo=N=SeCl]​2. Chimia, 1988. 42. 12. 413-414. ISSN: 0009-4293
9. Adel, Joerg; El Kholi, Aida; Willing, Wolfgang; Mueller, Ulrich; Dehnicke, Kurt. Se4N4 as a preparative reagent: the synthesis of chloroselenonitrene complexes of tungsten. Chimia, 1988. 42. 2. 70-71. ISSN: 0009-4293.
10. Kelly, P.F. and Slawin, A.M.Z., Preparation and crystal structure of [(AlBr3)2(Se2N2)], the first example of a main-group element adduct of diselenium dinitride, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1996, pp 4029-4030
11. Stephen M. Aucott, Dennis Drennan, Sarah L. M. James, Paul F. Kelly, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin. The reaction of [Bu4N]2[Pd2Br6(Se2N2)] with [14]aneS4; an effective source of the diselenium dinitride unit. Chemical Communications. 2007, (29): 3054 [2020-04-20]. ISSN 1359-7345. doi:10.1039/b707450f （英语）. 

拓展阅读

• Kelly, P.F. and Woollins, J.D., The Reactivity of Se₄N₄ in Liquid Ammonia, Polyhedron, 1993, volume 12, pp 1129-1133.
• Kelly, P.F., Slawin, A.M.Z. and Soriano-Rama, A., Use of Se₄N₄ and Se(NSO)₂ in the preparation of palladium adducts of diselenium dinitride, Se₂N₂; crystal structure of [PPh4]2[Pd2Br6(Se2N2), Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1997, pp 559-562