T-20

T-20 共青團
芬兰的T-20火炮牵引车
类型火炮牵引车
原产地 苏联
服役记录
使用方 苏联
 芬兰
 納粹德國
羅馬尼亞 羅馬尼亞王國
匈牙利 匈牙利王國[1]
参与战争/衝突二次世界大戰
生产历史
研发日期1936
生产日期1937-1941
基本规格
重量3.5 tonnes
长度3.45 m
宽度1.86 m
高度1.58 m
操作人数2+6

装甲7–10 mm
主武器7.62mm DP輕機槍
发动机4-cylinder GAZ-M
50 hp (37 kW)
功率/重量14 hp/tonne
作战范围250 km
速度50 km/h

T-20「共青團(Komsomolets)」裝甲履帶牽引車 (俄語:Bronirovannyy gusenichnyy tyagach Komsomolets T-20)是蘇軍冬季戰爭二次世界大戰中所使用的輕型火炮牽引車

描述

T-20由1936年設計,於1937年-1941年由STZ英语Volgograd Tractor Factory高爾基生產。

該拖車設計用於牽引輕型火炮,例如 M1937 45mm 戰防炮PM1938型迫击炮。除了武器之外亦能拖曳火炮前車攜帶少量彈藥,以及乘載六人的炮班成員。遇然亦會同時牽引兩輛前車以增加載量。

車首的車廂有全裝甲保護及有一裝備DT 機槍的球型槍架,並為駕駛與車長提供乘坐空間。車體中後部有兩排背對背長椅,供炮班成員面向外的乘坐,可以加裝帆布帳篷保護在嚴寒的天氣下的乘員。

1937至1941年大約生產了4401輛T-20牽引車。[2]

作戰運用

縱然T-20共青團裝甲牽引車是被設計為機械化部隊提供機動力,但部份的T-20仍然被投入1941年的作戰中,擔當小戰車的角色。[2]

使用

T-20被紅軍使用於冬季戰爭以及二次大戰。於巴巴羅薩行動時,部份T-20牽引車充當小戰車角色,直到1941年後方回復純粹炮兵牽引車的身份。

芬蘭納粹德國皆曾使用所俘虜的本車。1943年春季與夏季,羅馬尼亞於Rogifer 工廠(即Malaxa)翻修34輛虜獲的T-20裝甲牽引車,官方稱為"Șenileta Ford rusesc de captură(虜獲蘇聯福特小型裝甲車輛)"。因為T-20使用了特許生產的福特引擎,而羅馬尼亞於布加勒斯特則有一家福特卡車工廠,故此檢修與維護作業變得容易。[3]本牽引車被用於拖曳德製5cm Pak 38反坦克炮。第5與第14步兵師各接收了十二輛,第2裝甲團接收了六輛而第5騎兵師於1944年8月接收了四輛,所有同型車皆損失於作戰或被紅軍奪取。

衍生型

1941年,T-20的底盤加裝ZIS-2 57mm戰防炮,成為試驗性質的ZiS-30

而德國亦都試驗性地在虜獲的T-20車頂裝上3.7 cm Pak 36戰防炮。

相關條相

參照

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2013-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-30). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Zaloga, p.103
  3. ^ Axworthy, p. 221
  • Бронеколлекция" no. 3, (2002)
  • Mark Axworthy, Cornel Scafeș, Cristian Crãciunoiu,Third Axis. Fourth Ally. Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941-1945, Arms and Armour, London, 1995. ISBN 1-85409-267-7
  • Scafes, Cornel I; Scafes, Ioan I; Serbanescu, Horia Vl. Trupele Blindate din Armata Romana 1919-1947. Bucuresti: Editura Oscar Print. 2005. 
  • Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two, London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8

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