2005年苏门答腊地震

2005年蘇門答臘大地震
Epicentre map from NOAA
日期2005年3月28日 (2005-03-28)
震级8.6 矩震級 [1]
震源深度30公里（19英里）
震中2°04′35″N 97°00′58″E / 2.07639°N 97.01611°E / 2.07639; 97.01611
影響地區印尼
傷亡915－1,314人喪生，[2]
340－1,146人受傷[2]

2005年蘇門答臘大地震发生在2005年3月28日UTC时间16:09:37（当地时间23:09:37），震中位于2°04′35″N 97°00′58″E / 2.07639°N 97.01611°E / 2.07639; 97.01611，離印度洋海面30公里深的海床。震央距離北蘇門答臘首府實武牙市以西約200公里，在印尼首都雅加達西北1400公里，強度為黎克特制8.2級。美國地質調查局採用矩震級算法推出此次地震為8.7級後來下修至8.6級。地震亦影響到距離震央1000公里的泰國首都曼谷（[3]）。這次地震可能是2004年平安夜印度洋大地震的餘震，持續了兩分鐘。地震已造成印尼12人喪生，數百家房屋倒塌。

震感在全苏门答腊岛都可感觉到，班达亚齐省现在普遍缺少电力，经过2004年海啸的经历，成千的人群逃离他们的住所涌上高地。[4]在马来西亚首都吉隆坡，也有很多人逃离高楼。

在印尼尼亞斯島，远离苏门答腊海岸的区域，成百座建筑物据报在地震中受损，多人被困碎石之下。[5]印尼副总统尤淑夫·卡拉（Jusuf Kalla）一度表示在尼尔斯岛恐怕有多達2000人遇难，但他稱此乃根據建築物受損情況估計，而非從點算屍體數目得出。[6]

餘震

地震後目前发生了两次大的餘震，时间是UTC时间2005年3月28日16:38:43和18:30:43.地点位于1°17′53″N 97°17′40″E / 1.29806°N 97.29444°E / 1.29806; 97.29444和0°43′30″N 97°38′40″E / 0.72500°N 97.64444°E / 0.72500; 97.64444震级分别为6.0和6.7级。此后又多次发生了规模为5.5, 5.8, 5.7, 5.7, 5.5和5.8级的小餘震。

海啸的风险

美国国家海洋与大气局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，简称NOAA）已经向泰国政府发布海啸警报[7]。太平洋海啸预警中心（Pacific Tsunami Warning Center，简称PTWC）在地震发生之後20分钟发布信息公报说明目前在太平洋沿岸没有可预见的危险，但是警告说可能在地震区域发生海啸。

第一次震动发生後3小时，在苏门答腊附近最可能发生海啸的地区没有显著的海啸活跃报告，PTWC宣称，在他们的初始公报中，“应该就可以相信没有危险，如果在震中地区3小时内没有观测到海嘯”。[7]在2004年12月的海啸过后海啸预警系统的使用已经被讨论，但现在并未部署。所以现时并没有来自印度洋的直接数据。PTWC报告说，无论如何，一次“很小的海啸”据报告发生震源以南的科科斯群岛（基靈群岛）。[8]

部分泰国南部海岸已经做预警人员撤离，NOAA建议人员应该撤离到离苏门答腊海岸600英里远。在马来西亚的檳城和吉打州人员也开始撤离，斯里兰卡东部海岸也是。印度南部地区也进入高度戒备状态。有报道说因为下大雨和地震可能撤离非常困难。

人道救援

联合国已经与印尼政府商谈大地震後可能发生的灾难对应，美国国务院宣布美国将帮助可能收到海啸影响的国家。澳大利亚宣布提供了印尼政府请求的100万澳元紧急援助，并将派遣澳大利亚防卫军医疗队人员及设备前往尼尔斯岛。[9]

印度政府宣布向地震受害者提供200万美元。[10]

参见

參考資料

  1. ^ USGS. [2015-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-31）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 USGS, PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, 2009-09-04 [2018-01-20], （原始内容存档于2020-03-13） 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2010-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2005-04-10）. 
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2020-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-31）. 
  5. ^ Bloomberg - Are you a robot?. [2005-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-29）. 
  6. ^ Lethal quake rattles tsunami zone. [2005-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2005-07-31）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 存档副本. [2005-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-17）. 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2005-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-30）. 
  9. ^ Optus Zoo Closure Notice. [2005-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-31）. 
  10. ^ India announces $2 mn relief for Indonesia- The Times of India. [2005-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-31）. 

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