静水骨骼

静水骨骼（hydrostatic skeleton）或水骨骼（hydroskeleton）是动物中一種由体液静压提供结构支撐的骨骼系统[1]。静水骨骼在簡單的无脊椎动物十分常見的，基本上除了节肢动物和缓步动物以外都或多或少依赖静水骨骼——这里面包括软体动物和腕足动物伸出外壳之外的身体部分，而螺旋強化静水骨骼结构更是一些无外壳的软体动物（比如蛸类和蛞蝓）的典型结构[2]。

在一些更高級的生物體也有靜水結構，通常是某个靜水器官而不是靜水骨骼，两者虽然原理相似但所覆盖的解剖学范围相差很多，并不能相提并论[1][3]。比如，非螺旋静水骨骼结构是哺乳动物阴茎勃起的功能基础[4][5]。

优缺点

生物具有靜水骨骼既有优点也有缺点。流線的外形使他们游泳與躲藏時得以容易移动。他们可以通过奇怪形状的通道和更有效地隐藏自己以避免被捕食。當挤压岩石時他们能够创造一股力量和创造一個“撬開”的姿势。對他們而言，這付轻量级的、灵活的组件可以用很少的肌肉便能运动自如。[6]

這些生物有一些相對簡單的途徑進行循環和呼吸。而且，這些生物有一個緩衝機制，讓他們保護內部器官以免受到衝撞。然而，它無法有效地保護內部器官免受外界的傷害。[6]

生物

一个包含靜水骨骼的简单脊椎动物例子是肠鳃纲生物，例如「柱頭蟲」。該生物归类为半索動物門，是一種海洋蠕虫，使用他們的靜水骨骼挖掘地道和固定於地面。这可以用于运动，也可以帮助他們“隐藏”在海底以防範外部攻擊。[7]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kardong, Kenneth V. Vertebrates- Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution 7th. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education. 2015: 18, 426, 496. ISBN 978-0078023026. 
  2. ^ The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons - Company Of Biologists. biologists.org. [October 16, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）. 
  3. ^ Kier, William M. The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2012-04-15, 215 (8): 1247–1257 [2017-02-10]. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 22442361. doi:10.1242/jeb.056549. （原始内容存档于2018-03-16） （英语）. 
  4. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2017-02-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-12-21）. 
  5. ^ What we didn't know about penis anatomy. [2017-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-27）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Everything Maths and Science. www.everythingmaths.co.za. [2016-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）. 
  7. ^ Hydrostatic Skeleton - The Infinite Spider. The Infinite Spider. 2015-02-10 [2016-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-27） （美国英语）. 

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