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阳明洞

阳明洞阳明祠
全国重点文物保护单位
中华人民共和国国务院公布
地址贵州省修文县
分类古建筑
时代
编号6-731
认定时间2006年

阳明洞,是一个小岩洞,位于中国贵州省贵阳市修文县城东栖霞山上,为王学(阳明学)圣地之一,现为全国重点文物保护单位

时任兵部主事的明朝大儒王守仁因触怒宦官权臣刘瑾,被廷杖四十后谪为龙场驿丞,时龙场(即现今之修文县城)地处偏远,少有人烟。王守仁于正德三年(1508年)始居于此洞,凡三年。此洞在半山腰,原来当地居民称作“东洞”,王守仁作“阳明小洞天”自娱,后便称作“阳明洞”或“阳明洞天”。

原洞口附近有“何陋轩”。因当时洞内阴湿不适居住,乡民怜悯王守仁的处境,自发伐木结茅,为其建造小屋。王守仁以“君子居之,何陋之有”句,取名“何陋轩”。

原洞口左上方有竹有小亭。王守仁以竹具“君子之德”,将亭命名为“君子亭”。

现洞内及附近留有石刻题字甚多,于不同时期自不同国家。附近还存有古建筑数座。

王的讲学活动

王守仁曾先后在龙场龙岗书院贵阳文明书院讲学,令贵州文风大开。

王的文学创作

王守仁著名的《象祠记》与《瘗旅文》都完成于这一时期,两篇文章都收入《古文观止》的《明文》。

王的哲学思考

王守仁著名的“龙场悟道”就在这一时期,其著名的“致良知”“知行合一”等学说均成熟于此。

对王的纪念

明朝嘉靖三十年(1551年),贵州监察御史赵锦将龙岗书院改建为“王文成公祠”。

贵州宣慰使安国享题刻“阳明先生遗爱处”于洞口崖壁。

清朝嘉庆十九年(1814年),贵阳当地人建阳明祠于城东扶风山麓。

另有日本人题刻的“阳明小洞天”。

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