語系關係

語系關係(英語:Genetic relationship,字面意思爲「基因關係」)是語言學中的一個術語,指同語系下多種語言之間的一種關係。英文當中也會稱這種關係爲「譜系關係」(Genealogical relationship),主要是爲了將該詞與遺傳學上的「基因」區分開來。

彼此之間有著譜系聯係的語言時常被歸類爲同一語系,而語言之間的這種關聯則由語言學分析中的比較法確立。如果兩種語言中的其中一種是由另一種演化而來,亦或者兩者皆是繼承了一個共同的祖先,那麽此二者間就會被認爲存在語系關係。如意大利語拉丁語演化而成,故前者與後者存在語系關係。與拉丁語存在同樣關係的還有西班牙語,因此西班牙語和意大利語的語系關係也能夠成立。在印歐語系北日耳曼語支中,丹麥語瑞典語挪威語的聯係均是語系關係[1]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International, 2013.

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