南撒克逊王国(古英語:Sūþseaxna rīce),又称薩塞克斯王国(英語:Kingdom of Sussex),是中世紀早期在英格蘭由盎格鲁-撒克逊人所建立的七大王國之一。該王國位於大不列颠岛南岸,最初是六世纪撒克逊人建立的殖民地,後来成为一个独立的王国。薩塞克斯王國相較其他盎格鲁-撒克逊王国留下較少的歷史紀錄,没有的留下国王列表;並且同時有數位地方统治者,中央集权程度比其他諸國低[6]。大約在827年的埃倫頓戰役(英语:Battle of Ellendun)後,薩塞克斯王國被威塞克斯王國併吞。
簽約雇傭兵定居地一說可以透過一些考古證據支持[41]。例如東薩塞克斯畢曉普斯通(英语:Bishopstone, East Sussex)的洛克里山丘墓地發現羅馬晚期或羅馬不列顛的金屬製品,如鐵環胸針(英语:Quoit brooch)風格的帶扣,這顯示此處的定居點可以追溯到5世紀早期[42]。隨後的挖掘發現大規模的撒克遜建築群,出土的22座建築中,3座是沉沒式茅屋、17座長方形建築。其餘中的一座以柱孔為特徵,柱孔之間為樑槽,另一座有8根獨立的大柱[42]。
还有另一份被認為是真實的契約書,記錄阿倫河谷(英语:River Arun)一系列的土地交易[64][65]。首先是努納向貝赫弗里斯提供一塊土地,可能是作為興建修道院用[66]。貝赫弗里斯將土地轉讓給伊奧拉,後者又將土地賣給伍夫赫爾。土地隨後歸貝歐巴所有,然後傳給貝歐拉和埃卡[66]。最後,奧斯蒙國王從他的隨從埃拉買下這塊地,將它授予一名叫蒂德柏格的虔誠婦女[66]。這份契約沒有註明日期,但是可以透過交叉比對文件中的人物出現在其他有紀錄日期的契約中的情況推算[66]。在文件中,伊奧拉從貝赫弗里斯取得土地並賣給伍夫赫爾大約發生在705年,努納的簽名之後是某位叫奧斯里克(英语:Osric of Sussex)的人,它可能是努納的共同統治者[67]。在奧斯里克之後的見證人是埃德伯特和伊奧拉,兩人都可以判斷為神職人員[67]
薩塞克斯王國的獨立大約在770年代初期結束[54]。771年,麥西亞國王奧法征服了黑斯廷加領土,他可能是從已經支配的肯特王國進入薩塞克斯[54]。到772年,他已控制整個薩塞克斯王國[54]。奧法國王承認了兩份埃塞爾伯特(英语:Æthelbert of Sussex)國王的土地契約,並在772年授予自己薩塞克斯的土地,由「薩塞克斯領導人」(Dux Suðsax)奧斯瓦爾德(英语:Oswald of Sussex)擔任見證人[73]。奧法很可能在此時併吞了薩塞克斯王國,因為原本使用王室頭銜的奧斯蒙、埃爾弗瓦爾德及奧斯拉克現在改用領導人(Dux)的頭銜署名。
在南撒克遜人的時代,他們可能沒有一個固定的首都。關於諾曼征服以前的英格蘭國王住所和行程證據太少[90],到11世紀西方任何地方也都還形成明確的首都概念。英格蘭的行政中心是以國王為核心的流動宮廷,國王可以在他領土上任何地方自由舉行會議[91]。在羅馬時代,奇切斯特被稱為Noviomagus Reginorum(字面解釋為「雷格尼王國的新原野」),作為雷格尼(英语:Regni)的首都,這是一個由提比略·克勞狄烏斯·科吉杜布努斯(英语:Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus)統治的羅馬從屬國[92]。在羅馬人離開後,該城基本上已被遺棄[h]。根據《盎格魯-撒克遜編年史》,薩塞克斯王國建立於塞爾西和奇切斯特地區,但並沒有考古證據支持[32]。考古顯示出南撒克遜人的定居地最早在東薩塞克斯的烏斯河和卡克米爾河之間的低地建立。南撒克遜人從那裡逐步遷移到薩塞克斯西部,到了680年代,奇切斯特和塞爾西周邊地區已成為王國的政治和宗教中心。國王的居住地位於奇切斯特西南的奧雷歐雷格斯(Orreo Regis),威爾弗里斯(英语:Wilfrid)則以塞爾西為宗教中心[97][98]。羅馬人離開奇切斯特後,一直到9世紀都沒有證據顯示人民重新定居該地,直到威塞克斯的阿爾弗雷德大帝重建並加固其堡壘作為防禦丹人襲擊的計畫之一[99][100]。
薩塞克斯各地會舉辦民眾大會,例如在迪奇靈[24]、庭赫爾(今博爾斯德)和馬德赫斯特。後兩者的地名便是源於舉辦過民眾大會的考古證據:庭赫爾(Tinhale)源自古英文þing(音近「庭」,集會之意)加上山丘,即會議山丘之意;馬德赫斯特則源自古英文maedel(也有集會的意思),即樹木繁盛的集會山丘[105]。在杜靈頓(英语:Durrington, West Sussex)還有一個地方名為gemot biorh,意為會議山崗[105]。
南撒克遜人在財富與社會地位的表現方式與北方的盎格魯撒克遜諸國有顯著的文化差異。在薩塞克斯與肯特王國,衣裝上的金屬飾品比北方更為樸素且有限。但考古證據顯示南撒克遜人有其他表現高階社會地位的方式,他們消費更多奢侈食品,並有豐富的建築表現,例如在畢曉普斯通(英语:Bishopstone, East Sussex)畢曉普斯通一座帶有地窖的塔樓[21]。
^ASC 477 - Her cuom Ęlle on Bretenlond 7 his .iii. suna, Cymen 7 Wlencing 7 Cissa, mid .iii. scipum on þa stowe þe is nemned Cymenesora, 7 þær ofslogon monige Wealas 7 sume on fleame bedrifon on þone wudu þe is genemned Andredesleage.
^Cap. I/17/1 (S43). Diocese of Chichester Capitular Records. [2010-05-13]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-07).
With Professor H.L. Rogers findings on why manuscript is forgery.
^Kelly. Charters of Selsey. p.26. W. de Gray Birch had suggested an emendation (of the date) to 725 but Kelly says this is still unsatisfactory since it is too late for Bishop Eadberht
^Kelly. Charters of Selsey. p.26."..is without doubt a forgery and not an innocent 10th century copy of a genuine eighth-century charter."
^ 74.074.1Keynes, Simon. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England Appendix I. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (PDF) (Wiley Blackwell). 2013: 521Fbos–538. ISBN 9781118316061. doi:10.1002/9781118316061.app1.
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