《威茲瑟斯(英语:Widsith)》提及過一些統治鐵器時代丹麥日耳曼人的半傳說君主。統治著西蘭丹麥日耳曼人的西加爾(英语:Sigar)以及同時統治丹麥日耳曼人和盎格魯人的奧法(英语:Offa of Angel)。幾個世紀後,薩克索首次列出了從國王丹開始的丹麥日耳曼人半神話國王的全部世系。由於薩克索的文字是丹麥歷史,也是丹麥日耳曼人歷史的第一個書面記錄,因此他的資料主要來自尚存的傳說,民間傳說和口耳相傳。
丹麥日耳曼人於公元795年首次到達愛爾蘭,在拉斯林島上,其後發動了襲擊並強化其貿易定居點,即所謂的longphorts。在維京時代,他們建立了許多沿海城鎮,包括都柏林(Dyflin)、科克、沃特福德(Veðrafjǫrðr)和利默里克(Hlymrekr),隨後出現丹麥日耳曼人的移民。在接下來的兩個世紀中,他們與愛爾蘭本土部落發生了許多小衝突和大戰爭,而丹麥日耳曼人有時會與結盟部落站在一起。在公元1014年克朗塔夫戰役(英语:Battle of Clontarf)中,維京人最終被擊敗,而留下來的丹麥日耳曼人定居者逐步被當地愛爾蘭人同化並改信基督教。[6]
^羅洛本人極有可能來自挪威,而諾曼底的新定居者不是只有丹麥日耳曼人。參見"A History of the Vikings"。
參考文獻
^Anderson, Carl Edlund. The Danish Tongue and Scandinavian Identity(PDF): 1. [4 November 2013]. Icelandic writers (who provide the bulk of our surviving documentation)commonly employed the term dǫnsk tunga (literally 'Danish tongue') to identify the language not just of those who were ruled by the Dana konungr, but of all Germanic-speaking Scandinavians.
^參見"Viking Trade and Settlement in Continental Western Europ" - Frisia in Carolingian Times (Egge Knol), p. 43ff
^Peter Hunter Blair. The World of Bede 2nd. Cambridge University Press. 1990: 28ff.
^F. Donald Logan. Chapter 5 (The Danes in the South). The Vikings in History. Routledge. 2005: 97–120.
^T. D. Kendrick. A History of the Vikings. Dover Publications. 2004: 221.
^參見"Viking Trade and Settlement in Continental Western Europe"。
資料來源和延伸閱讀
Niels Hybel (编). Danmark i Europa (750-1300). Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen. 2003 (丹麦语).
Mads Lidegaard (2004): "Hvad troede de på? – religiøse tanker i oldtid og vikingetid" [What did they believe in? – religious thoughts in ancient times and the Viking Age], Gyldendal, ISBN87-02-02703-8(丹麥語) Mads Lidegaard(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (1915–2006) was a prolific writer, teacher and theologian from Denmark.
Iben Skibsted Klæsøe (编). Viking Trade and Settlement in Continental Western Europe. Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen. 2010.
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