義神星

義神星 (5 Astraea)
基於光變曲線的義神星3D模型
发现
發現者卡爾·路德維希·亨克
發現日期1845年12月8日
編號
命名依據阿斯特莉亞
其它名稱1969 SE
小行星分類主帶小行星
形容詞Astraean
軌道參數
曆元 2014年12月9日 (JD 2457000.5)
遠日點3.065755252 AU (459.202 Gm)
近日點2.08186277 AU (310.688 Gm)
半長軸2.573809012 AU (384.945 Gm)
離心率0.19113549
軌道週期4.129264267 a (1508.213773 d)
平均軌道速度18.39 km/s
平近點角260.189542°
軌道傾角5.368523°
升交點黃經141.59556°
近日點參數358.92898°
本徵軌道參數[1]
本徵半長軸2.5761849 AU
本徵離心率0.1980486
本徵傾角4.5118628°
本徵平均運動87.046396 度 / 年
本徵軌道週期4.13573 年
(1510.574 d)
近日點歲差52.210903 弧秒 / 年
升交點黃經歲差−57.357951 弧秒 / 年
物理特徵
大小167×123×82 km[2]
119 km (幾何平均數)
表面積48 300 km2[3]
體積882 000 km3[3]
質量2.9×1018 kg[4][5]
(假設)[6]
平均密度~3.3 g/cm³
表面重力~0.023 m/s²
~0.062 km/s
自轉週期0.700 03 d (16.801 h)[2]
赤道自轉速度6.44 m/s[3]
反照率0.227 (幾何反照率)[7]
溫度~167 K
最高 263 K (-10 °C)
光譜類型S-型小行星
視星等8.74 to 12.89
絕對星等(H)6.85
角直徑0.15" to 0.041"

義神星（5 Astraea），平均直徑119千米，由卡尔·路德维希·亨克於1845年12月8日發現，是第五顆被發現的小行星。

發現和命名

早期發現的小行星大多以希臘神話中的女神來命名，阿斯特莉亞為宙斯與忒弥斯所生的正義女神。中文譯為義神星。

亨克是個任職於郵局的業餘天文愛好者，他在尋找灶神星時發現了義神星，這發現更令他獲普魯士國王腓特烈·威廉四世頒贈獎金。他後來再發現小行星6。

特徵

義神星是顆頗大的小行星，它的反照率甚高，其成分可能是鎳－鐵與硅酸鎂及硅酸鐵的混合物。測光發現它是逆向自轉。義神星沒有太大的特色，然而它是自發現首四顆小行星38年後再發現的小行星，打破了當時認為太陽系只有四顆小行星的說法。

左：前10顆帶編號的小行星與地球月球的大小對比。 右：與地球、火星和木星的軌道相比，白色的5義神星的軌道。

參見

參考來源

  1. ^ AstDyS-2 Astraea Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. [2011-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 M. J. López-Gonzáles & E. Rodríguez Lightcurves and poles of seven asteroids （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 53, p. 1147 (2005).
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Calculated based on the known parameters
  4. ^ Michalak, G. Determination of asteroid masses. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2001, 374 (2): 703–711 [2008-11-10]. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..703M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010731. （原始内容存档于2012-12-04）. 
  5. ^ (Mass estimate of Astra 0.015 / Mass of Ceres 4.75) * Mass of Ceres 9.43E+20 = 2.977E+18
  6. ^ Michalak2001 (Table 6) assumed masses of perturbing asteroids used in calculations of perturbations of the test asteroids.
  7. ^ Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey. [2015-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-03）. 
前一小行星：
(4)灶神星 		小行星列表 後一小行星：
(6)韶神星

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