紫微斗数

紫微斗數是源自中國古代的算命方法,用農曆的出生年、月、日和時辰來排個人命盤,進而窺探吉凶。

排個人命盤时,與西洋占星术不同,不查星曆:命盤分十二宮垣,以干支為經緯,星宿羅布,將中天諸星、北斗諸星、南斗諸星、神煞等諸星列置其中。透過命宮之納音五行數先推算出紫微星位置,其餘中、南、北三斗等共13顆星位置再因紫微星而排定,含紫微星在內共主星14顆,也因以紫微星為首,故稱為「紫微斗數」。[1]

歷史

紫微斗數,相傳為五代方士陳摶(872年—989年)觀星所創,也有傳聞為呂祖呂洞賓所授予陳摶。紫微斗數的古籍稀少,截至目前,有關「紫微斗數」的古籍刻本,只有《紫微斗數全集》、《紫微斗數全書》、《紫微斗數捷覽》。[2]

其餘則為古鈔本,如《斗數綱要》、《斗數秘鈔》、《斗數演例》、《紫微斗數之捷徑》,以及民國初年王裁珊《斗數宣微》、《斗數觀測錄》。[3]

坊間流通最為廣泛的古籍版本為晚清木刻翻刻本《紫微斗數全集》及民國石印本《紫微斗數全書》。

《紫微斗數捷覽》成書於萬曆九年(1581年),為目前可考「紫微斗數」之名出現最早的年份。[4]

在《紫微斗數全書》內羅洪先(1504年—1564年)所著之序,時間為嘉靖庚戌(1550年),比《紫微斗數捷覽》為早,但因《紫微斗數全書》現存的刻本晚於《紫微斗數捷覽》出現,故須再考究。

在萬曆三十五年(1607年)《萬曆續道藏》中之「紫微斗數」,其內容並非現代流通之紫微斗數,無論星曜名稱與排命盤方式都不同。

推算方法

紫微斗數之命盤的排盤順序為安命身十二宮、起寅首、定納音五行局、安紫微星、安餘13顆主星、安輔曜與神煞星,然後依宮位的三方四正、十年大限等來解讀命盤。

安十二宮

十二地支盤為基,起宮;順數生月逆數生時定命宮,以命宮逆時針佈命遷十二宮;命、兄弟、夫妻、子女、財帛、疾厄、遷移、交友、官禄、田宅、福德、父母。

起寅首、定納音五行局

以出生年干支(如:戊子)之天干數乘於二加一是為寅宮宮干;順佈宮干至命宮處,再以命宮干支定命造納音五行(例如:命宮坐丙戌,為土五局),命造納音五行皆有配合之數局,分別為;水二局、木三局、金四局、土五局、火六局。

定紫微星

得出命造五行局後,推判幾倍的命造五行局數可以大於生日數(例如:十六日生人木三局者則六倍,商數+1,得可大與生日數);下一步判斷得出來的倍數與生日數之差數((商數+1)*五行局數-生日數),再判斷此差數為奇數或偶數;若差數為奇數,則以倍數減去差數得到一個新的數字;若差數為偶數,則倍數與差數相加而得一新的數字,下一步起寅宮並順時針數到上一步驟得出的數目,此一落宮點便是紫微星的位置;依照上一步驟如果改為逆時針來數,便是安天府星

生日數 = (商+1)*五行局數-差

寅起步數 = ((-1)^差)*差+商+if(餘>0, then 1, else 0)

安主星

安四化星

以年干安祿權科忌四化星:

年干 紫微斗數全集 紫微斗數全書[5]
廉破武陽 廉破武陽
機梁紫陰 機梁紫陰
同機昌廉 同機昌廉
陰同機巨 陰同機巨
貪陰右機 貪陰右機
武貪梁曲 武貪梁曲
陽武陰同 陽武同陰
巨陽曲昌 巨陽曲昌
梁紫 梁紫
破巨陰貪 破巨陰貪

晚子時

子時橫跨兩日,為23:00~1:00,常規上會分為"早子時""晚子時"。與直覺不同的是,"早子時"為00:00~1:00,"晚子時"為23:00~0:00,需特別注意。

晚子時在"日"上的認定有兩種說法,一者認為尚在當日,一者認為應算下一日,

若算在當日,則早晚子會是同一個時辰做排盤,如11/11 00:30分出生者會與11/11 23:30分出生者同一張命盤,中間相隔23小時卻歸為同一時間,顯不合常理。

若算在隔日,則11/11 23:30分出生者會與11/12 00:30分出生者同一張盤,較符合邏輯。

目前"隔夜晚子時"排盤法為主流大宗。


專有名詞

命身十二宮

命宮身宮兄弟宮夫妻宮子女宮財帛宮疾厄宮遷移宮奴僕宮(又名僕役宮交友宮)、官祿宮(又名事業宮)、田宅宮福德宮(又名福壽宮)、父母宮(又名相貌宮)。

主星

十四正曜:紫微斗數中所用的星曜採用《北斗七星延命經》、《太上說南斗六司延壽度人妙經》的稱謂,跟《史記·天官書》上的意義不同,實際上只是符號化的「虛星」,並不代表星曜天體在天空中的位置。[6]

輔星

雜曜

  • 天空、天刑、天姚、天馬、解神、陰煞、天喜、天官、天福、天哭、天虛、龍池、鳳閣、紅鸞、孤辰、寡宿、蜚廉、破碎、台輔、封誥、天巫、天月、三台、八座、恩光、天貴、天才、天壽、截空、旬中、旬空、天傷、天使、天廚

神煞

長生十二神:長生、沐浴、冠帶、臨官、帝旺、衰、病、死、墓、絕、胎、養

博士十二神:博士、力士、青龍、小耗、將軍、奏書、飛廉、喜神、病符、大耗、伏兵、官府

歲前十二星:歲建、晦氣、喪門、貫索、官符、小耗、大耗、龍德、白虎、天德、吊客、病符

將前十二星:將星、攀鞍、歲驛、息神、華蓋、劫煞、災煞、天煞、指背、咸池、月煞、亡神

太歲十二神:太陰、喪門、太陽、太歲、病符、天狗、福德、白虎、龍德、歲破、死符、五鬼

參考文獻

  1. ^ 林以斌. 2007.《紫微斗數的天人關係研究》. 輔仁大學碩士論文. pp. 112.
  2. ^ [清]陳摶著潘希尹補輯楊一宇參閱,《紫微斗數全書》
  3. ^ 王裁珊. 1935. 《斗數宣微》, 虛白廬藏本.
  4. ^ [明]陳摶著白玉蟾增輯《紫微斗數捷覽》
  5. ^ 紫微斗數全書页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),安祿權科忌四星變化訣。
  6. ^ 林以斌. 2007.《紫微斗數的天人關係研究》. 輔仁大學碩士論文. pp. 113.

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