生活在西方社會的人於較近期才在道德上接受性幻想,有關性幻想的正式研究亦剛起步沒過多久。性幻想在此之前會被視為「魔鬼代理人」植入人們腦海的可怕想法[69]。在當時,即使心理學家願意接受和研究性幻想,但他們還是對此了解甚少,甚至把女性的性幻想視為歇斯底里的症狀[11]。在二十世纪初之前,许多专家将性幻想(尤其是女性的性幻想)视为不正常。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德认为,存有性幻想的人都是性匱乏或性不滿的,亦即他們沒得到足夠的性刺激和滿足[70]。之後幾十年,一些著名的研究和匯編陸續推出,使得性幻想變得更為人接受。帕特里夏·彼得森的《道德、性事實與幻想》(Morality, Sexual Facts and Fantasies)、阿尔弗雷德·金赛的《金赛报告》、菲利斯和埃伯哈德·克伦豪森的《情色幻想:性想象力的研究》(Erotic Fantasies: A Study of the Sexual Imagination)、南希·弗萊德的《我的秘密花園》都推動了有關過程[71]。到了現在,很多人把性幻想視為性的自然和積極元素,並可用於加強性感受[70]。很多基督徒相信《聖經》禁止对配偶以外的人產生性幻想,正如《馬太福音》第5章28節所寫的般。还有人认为,圣保罗在谴责「不道德」或「不洁净」的肉体行为时,把性幻想連同一起譴責。尽管西方世界对性幻想的态度相对宽松,但许多人仍然对自己的幻想感到羞耻和内疚。這可能會誘使人患上性功能障碍[42],使伴侶的性生活質量下降[72]。
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论文和学位论文
Davidoff, Orion, Social Influences As A Mediator Of Gender Differences In Sexual Fantasy, Sexual Desire, and Sexual Behavior, 2005, presented to the Department of Psychology of the University of South Carolina.
Frostino, Andrea Taylor, Guilt And Jealousy Associated With Sexual Fantasies Among Heterosexual Married Individuals, 2006, presented to the Faculty of the School of Human Service Professions, Widener University.
Girolami, Lisa, A Comparison Of The Content Of Sexual Fantasies Of Lesbian And Heterosexual Women, 2005, presented to the Department of Educational Psychology, Administration, and Counseling, California State University.