吉曼·基爾

杰梅茵·格里尔
Germaine Greer
2013年的基爾
出生 (1939-01-29) 1939年1月29日85歲)
 澳大利亞维多利亚州墨尔本
筆名Rose Blight
Dr. G
國籍 澳大利亞
母校墨尔本大学
悉尼大学
剑桥大学
創作時期1970年–至今
體裁女性主义
主題英语文学法语文学浪漫诗歌英语romantic poetry
代表作女太监

吉曼·基爾(英語:Germaine Greer/ɡrɪər/,1939年1月29日),澳洲作家記者[1]她被視為20世紀下半葉第二波女性主義運動的代表人物之一。

自她的第一本书《女太监》(1970年)出版后成为国际畅销书她的观点就引起了许多争议,获得了很多人的赞美或者反对。她出版了几本关于女性,女权主义,文学,艺术和环境的书,包括《Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility》(1984年),《The Change: Women, Ageing and the Menopause》(1991年),《The Whole Woman》(1999年)《Shakespeare's Wife》(2007年)和《White Beech: The Rainforest Years》(2013年)。

早年生活和教育

格里尔出生于墨尔本,是家里的老大,还有一个弟弟和一个妹妹。她父亲是一家报纸广告代表,曾在战时澳大利亚皇家空军服役。[2]据格里尔说,她的母亲可能患有亞斯伯格症候群,他们关系不好,因此格里尔在18岁时离开家。[3]1956年考入墨尔本大学学习。[2]1959年获得英语和法语语言文学学士学位毕业后格里尔搬到了悉尼。她的第一个教学职位是在悉尼大学,1963年她获得了浪漫诗歌文學碩士,她凭借题为“拜伦的讽刺方式的发展”的论文赢得了英联邦奖学金。

凭借奖学金1964年格里尔来到剑桥大学,成为女子学院纽纳姆学院的一员。格里尔加入了剑桥的学生文艺俱乐部脚灯社,1965年成为第一位女性正式成员。1969年她凭借论文“莎士比亚的早期喜剧中爱情和婚姻的伦理”而获得博士学位。[4]

爭議

政治观点

格里尔在2012年提及自己是英国自由民主党的成员。[5]另外,从20世纪70年代至2000年代,她把自己形容为无政府主义者马克思主义者[6] 在2008年她形容自己是“一个老无政府主义者”,重申反对“等级制度和资本主义”是她政治的中心。[7]

恐跨

格里爾對跨性別女性的立場自1997年以來就引起了爭議,當時她未能成功地反對物理學家拉克爾·帕德曼成為劍橋大學紐納姆學院院士,認為帕德曼出生性別為男性,因此不應該被錄取女子大學。[8][n 1]2015年,威爾士卡迪夫大學的學生請求阻止基爾在“女性與力量:20世紀的教訓”中在大學演講。學生們認為,她對跨性別女性的看法是恐跨和厭女的。基爾在接受英國廣播公司“新聞之夜”採訪時重申,她並不認為跨性別女性是女性。在同一次採訪中,基爾說,年度魅力女人提名凱特琳‧詹納,這是一個厭女症,詹納的故事的很大一部分是出於一種願望,卡戴珊 - 詹納家族的其他女性成員。基爾的評論受到跨性別喜劇演員麗貝卡‧魯特的譴責,她形容這些評論是“過時的”和“無禮的”,而拳擊發起人凱莉‧馬洛尼要求基爾被起訴。[10][11][12][10] 講座按計劃進行。[13] 基爾在2016年4月的一個澳大利亞問答集中再次重申了她的觀點,認為“男人”“決定”自己的性別是“不公平的”。[14]

作品

  • (1970). The Female Eunuch, London: MacGibbon & Kee.
  • (1979). The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work, London: Martin Secker and Warburg.
  • (1984). Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility, London: Harpercollins.
  • (1986). Shakespeare, Oxford: Oxford University Press (Past Masters series).
  • (1986). The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings, London: Picador.
  • (1989). Daddy, We Hardly Knew You, New York: Fawcett Columbine.
  • (1989). with Susan Hastings, Jeslyn Medoff, Melinda Sansone (eds.), Kissing the Rod: An Anthology of Seventeenth Century Women's Verse, London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • (1991). The Change: Women, Ageing and the Menopause.
  • (ed.), The Uncollected Verse of Aphra Behn.
  • (1995). Slip-Shod Sibyls: Recognition, Rejection and the Woman Poet.
  • with Ruth Little (eds.), The Collected Works of Katherine Philips, the Matchless Orinda, Volume III, The Translations.
  • (1999). The Whole Woman, London: Doubleday.
  • with Susan Hastings (ed.), The Surviving Works of Anne Wharton.
  • (2000). John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. London: Northcote House Publishers.
  • (2003). Poems for Gardeners, London: Virago.
  • (2003). The Beautiful Boy, New York: Rizzoli.
  • (ed.), 101 Poems by 101 Women.
  • (2004). Whitefella Jump Up: The Shortest Way to Nationhood, London: Profile Books (first published 2003 in Quarterly Essay).
  • (2007). Shakespeare's Wife, London: Bloomsbury.
  • (2013). White Beech: The Rainforest Years, London: Bloomsbury.

注释

  1. ^ An article by Clare Longrigg, "A Sister with No Fellow Feeling", alleging that Greer had outed Padman to the media, was published on 25 June 1997 by The Guardian. The newspaper withdrew the allegation, apologized to Greer and made a donation at her request to the Newnham College Development Fund.[9]

参考资料

  1. ^ Ann Standish, "Greer, Germaine (1939–)"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Encyclopedia of Women & Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia, Australian Women's Archives Project, 2014.

    "Germaine Greer"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015.

  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Christine Wallace, Germaine Greer: Untamed Shrew, Faber & Faber, 1999, pp. 3–4, 11.
  3. ^ "Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2012 – Germaine Greer Interview"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Sydney Opera House, from 01:00 mins.
  4. ^ Germaine Greer, The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeare's Early Comedies页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, EThOS, British Library.
  5. ^ Question Time页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), BBC, 19 January 2012.
  6. ^ "Greer on Revolution; Germaine on Love"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Overland, Nos. 50/51, Autumn 1972.
  7. ^ Radio Mama, 3CR Melbourne, 28 August 2008, 10:05 am EST.
  8. ^ Clare Garner. Fellows divided over don who breached last bastion. The Independent. 1997-06-25 [2018-01-19]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-07). 
  9. ^ Clare Longrigg with additional reporting by Laura Peek. When Germaine wants a job. The Guardian. 1997-06-25 [2018-01-19]. (原始内容存档于1998-12-01). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura, "Cardiff University Rejects Bid to Bar Germaine Greer"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The New York Times, 24 October 2015.
  11. ^ YouTube. www.youtube.com. [2017-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-11). 
  12. ^ Germaine Greer ‘Should Be Punished’ For Saying Trans Women Not Women, And ‘Dragged’ Into Court. 2015-10-28 [2017-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-11). 
  13. ^ Steven Morris, "Germaine Greer gives university lecture despite campaign to silence her"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Guardian, 18 November 2015.
  14. ^ Wahlquist, Calla. Germaine Greer tells Q&A her trans views were wrong, but then restates them. 2016-04-11 [2017-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-08) –通过The Guardian. 

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