卡拉庫姆沙漠

卡拉庫姆沙漠中央卡拉库姆沙漠土庫曼語Garagum,意即「黑沙」;俄語Каракумы)是位於中亞的一個沙漠,覆蓋著現今土庫曼斯坦百分之七十的面積,面積約35萬平方公里[1],西面是裡海、北面是鹹海、東北面是克孜勒庫姆沙漠,東南面是阿姆河兴都库什山脉。沙漠上人口稀少,平均每6.5平方公里才有一個人。雨水亦同樣稀少,可能十年才下一次雨。

交通水利

卡拉庫姆沙漠

沙漠的南面有從興都庫什山脈流下來的穆爾加布河捷詹河(又名哈里河),往西流至卡拉庫姆沙漠然後逐漸枯竭掉。

世上最大的灌溉運河─卡拉庫姆運河─橫跨在卡拉庫姆沙漠之上。運河在1988年完工,全長1,375公里,每年輸水量達13-20立方公里。不幸的是,運河漏水使沿途形成湖泊,並提升了地下水的水位,使廣泛土地遭到鹽害

中亞鐵路橫貫卡拉庫姆沙漠。

經濟與資源

馬雷市捷詹(Tejen)綠洲以種植棉花聞名。此外,該區有豐富的石油天然氣礦藏。有「地獄之門」之稱的達瓦札天然氣坑40°15′17.68″N 58°26′22.06″E / 40.2549111°N 58.4394611°E / 40.2549111; 58.4394611)便是位於卡拉庫姆沙漠之中。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Karakum Desert -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia. www.britannica.com. [2008-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-15). 

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